DOCSLIB.ORG

Sex Work Migration Health

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sex Work Migration Health SEX WORK SEX WORK MIGRATION MIGRATION HEALTH HEALTH A report on the intersections of legislations and policies regarding sex work, migration and health in Europe SEX WORK | MIGRATION | HEALTH SEX WORK | MIGRATION K K TAMPEP [ [ [ [ K K " [ K K " [ K K " ) " ) ) " ) " ) SEX WORK MIGRATION HEALTH [ [ [ [ K K " [ K K " [ K K ) ) ) " ) " ) " ) SEX WORK | MIGRATION | HEALTH A report on the intersections of legislations and policies regarding sex work, migration and health in Europe European Network for HIV/STI Prevention and Health Promotion among Migrant Sex Workers Main coordinator: Licia Brussa TAMPEP International Foundation Obiplein 4 1094 RB Amsterdam, Netherlands Tel: +31 20 692 6912 Fax: +31 20 608 0083 [email protected] www.tampep.eu This Report is based on contributions from all 26 member organisations of the TAMPEP network. It was compiled within the frame of the TAMPEP 8 programme (December 2007 – November 2009). This Report is part of a series of resources produced by the TAMPEP 8 programme: Sex Work in Europe | a mapping of the prostitution scene in 25 European countries Work Safe in Sex Work | a European manual on good practices in work with and for sex workers www.services4sexworkers.eu | an on-line directory of services for sex workers across Europe All of the above resources are available from the members of the TAMPEP network and at www.tampep.eu. Editors Maria Cristina Boidi, Faika A. El-Nagashi, Bernadette Karner | LEFÖ | TAMPEP-Austria Translation Erika Doucette Design & Layout Brigitte Reinhardt | Hamburg | Germany Print Mottendruck | Hamburg | Germany This publication originates from the project TAMPEP (European Network for HIV/STI Prevention and Health Promotion among Migrant Sex Workers) which has received funding from the European Union, in the framework of the Public Health Programme. The responsibility for this publication lies solely with the author and the Executive Agency is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Acknowledgements We wish to acknowledge the financial contribution of all the national partners of the TAMPEP network, as well as: • UNFPA | United Nations Population Fund, HIV/AIDS Branch, Technical Support Division, New York • The Austrian Ministry of Health, Vienna Publisher TAMPEP International Foundation © TAMPEP 2009 CONTENTS 7 Introduction 65 Recommendations 5 9 Sex Work | Migration | Health 68 References 11 Sex Work 69 National Report Summaries Legal approaches to sex work 70 Austria 15 National legislations and policies 72 Belgium 26 SUMMARY | Criminalisation through legislations and policies 74 Bulgaria 76 Czech Republic 29 Migration 79 Denmark Sex work in the context of migration 81 Estonia 31 Legislations and policies 83 Finland 34 SUMMARY | Exclusion through legislations and policies 85 France 37 Health 89 Germany Health policies and access to public health 91 Greece services for sex workers 93 Hungary 40 The politics of mandatory health checks 96 Italy 41 Universal access 99 Latvia 43 HIV/AIDS testing and treatment 101 Lithuania 44 Drug use and harm reduction programmes 102 Luxembourg 46 Protection from deportation 105 Netherlands 48 SUMMARY | Barriers to accessing 108 Norway public health care services 111 Poland 113 Portugal 51 European Perspective 114 Romania Case Studies 116 Slovakia 55 FINLAND | The Finnish Model: Difficulties and unwanted 118 Slovenia consequences of an attempt to reduce trafficking by 120 Spain criminalising the purchase of sexual services 122 Switzerland 57 NORWAY | Criminalising the purchase of sexual services: 125 United Kingdom On Norway adapting the Swedish law 128 TAMPEP Resources 60 UNITED KINGDOM | Sex Work and the Policing & Crime Bill: A briefing on the comprehensive failings in the UK draft law 129 The TAMPEP Network 62 ITALY | Anti-Prostitution ordinances: A report on the effects of the 2008 ordinances issued in several Italian cities POLICIES contents TAMPEP prostitution scene and legal framework on INTRODUCTION migration, sex work and HIV policies and the identification of risk factors and levels of vulnerability that determine the barriers to access prevention measures and care Ⅵ to facilitate the sharing of knowledge, experience and good practices among service The report The aim of this European report is to provide providers and community-based organisations 7 assesses transparency about the legislation on sex work on a pan-European level legislation and policy throughout Europe and its impact on the human Ⅵ to consolidate and enhance the network of develop- rights of sex workers, including their access to pub- 25 countries in Europe by strengthening their ments on lic health services. The report assesses legislation capacity for effective interventions within a sub- sex work, migration and policy developments on sex work, migration and regional and cross border cooperation model and health health policies on a national and European level and Ⅵ to promote human rights and equality in pub- policies on includes a critical evaluation of the various ap- lic health policies and accessibility for migrant and a national proaches relating to the interrelated issues of sex and mobile sex workers, by developing and promoting 1 European work, migration and health. a holistic strategy underpinned by the principles of level. The research covers 25 European countries in which respect and inclusion of sex workers the 26 partners of the pan-European TAMPEP net- This report and its recommendations for action are 2 work operate. TAMPEP (European Network for intended as a tool to promote the human rights of HIV/STI Prevention and Health Promotion among sex workers and to ensure sex workers’ access to Migrant Sex Workers) is a network of community- public health services. The report advocates for an based service providers and sex workers’ organisa- integrative and inclusive treatment of sex workers tions operating in 25 European countries. The main within policies that affect their living and working objective of TAMPEP is to reduce the HIV vulnera- conditions and for considering sex workers a pivotal bility of migrant and mobile sex workers through the part in such decisions. It is within this context that development, exchange, promotion and implemen- TAMPEP aims to contribute to ensuring the equality tation of appropriate policies and interventions and equal treatment of sex workers. across Europe, and specifically: Ⅵ to consolidate and further develop targeted Methodological Approach HIV/STI prevention measures and health The analysis that is contained in this report is based promotion interventions for migrant and on comprehensive national assessments that were mobile sex workers in Europe carried out in 2008 by the respective national part- Ⅵ to examine and analyse the situation of sex ner organisations of the TAMPEP network. The work in Europe based on mappings of the national assessment reports assess the legal and POLICIES introduction TAMPEP political framing of sex work, migration and health Ⅵ general legislative approaches towards sex in the 25 partner countries. The information con- work, tained in the national assessment reports was col- Ⅵ specific legislations and policies that affect lected using a common methodological approach to migrant and mobile sex workers, ensure the comparability of the data. This included Ⅵ the impact of public health policies on the common guidelines for the research and a question- human rights of sex workers. naire that provided the structure for the assessment The following section contains a summary of the of the national legislation and of the policies relat- 8 main legislative and policy trends in Europe and an ing to sex work, migration and health. analysis of their impact on the working und living The national assessment reports were assembled, conditions of sex workers, including migrant and structured, evaluated and incorporated into the pres- mobile sex workers. ent European report. The European report provides The recommendations for action that follow are an analysis of the various national approaches to geared toward policy makers, the health care sector, sex work, migration and health in Europe and an private and public health, social and other service overview of legislative changes and trends on na- providers as well as actors within civil society. tional and European level, as well as specific recom- mendations for action in order to ensure the protec- The annex of this report contains summaries of the tion of the human rights of sex workers. national assessment reports, illustrating the central elements and distinctive features of the models in The report was compiled by TAMPEP within the the different countries. frame of the TAMPEP 8 programme (December 2007 - November 2009), with the financial support of the European Commission DG SANCO under the programme Health and Consumer Protection (Di- rectorate C – Public Health and Risk Assessment). Structure of the Report This report provides a general introduction to the present phenomenon of transnationality of sex work and contextualises the intersecting issues of sex work, migration and health from a human rights 1 Because legal and policy guidelines and practices are constantly chang- perspective. ing, an assessment can only represent a certain moment within this process. When taking the information in this report into consideration, it is impor- The analysis of the legal and political framing of sex tant to bear this in mind. 2 The TAMPEP network consists of 26 partner
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Final NZPC 28 March 2013
    Occupational Health and Safety of Migrant Sex Workers in New Zealand prepared for New Zealand Prostitutes’ Collective by Dr Michael Roguski 28 March 2013 [email protected] Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................... iv 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 2 Literature review: Occupational health and safety of migrant sex workers ....... 2 2.1 Australia ................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Hong Kong ................................................................................................................. 4 2.3 Macau ....................................................................................................................... 5 2.4 United Kingdom ........................................................................................................ 6 2.5 Turkey ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.6 Similarities and differences across the studies ........................................................... 9 3 Occupational Health and Safety in Sex Work .................................................. 11 3.1 Legal context ........................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Physical and mental health ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kön Och Makt Inom Prostitution Och
    4&94`-+&3 ,e/0$).",5*/0.13045*565*0/ 0$)103/0(3"'* 0NNFEJFCFWBLOJOHFOPDIIVSHFOVTGPSTLOJOHFOLBOCJESBHB 3BQQPSUGSlO/PSEJTLKPVSOBMJTULVST OPW 5BMMJOO &TUMBOE Innhold: Innledning 3 Eva-Maria Svensson Sex säljer – ett globalt problem 5 May-Len Skilbrei Prostitusjonslovgivning i Danmark, Norge og Sverige 17 Sven-Axel Månsson Mäns könsköp – en meningsbärande handling på fl era nivåer 25 Christina Wahldén Om boken Till salu 41 Anett e Dina Sørensen Dagbladers behandling av prostitusjon 45 Kristiina Luht Att itudes towards prostitution in Estonia 59 Katri Eespere Clients of prostitution: motives and att itudes 65 Anne-Maria Martt ila Finnish Men Buying Sex in Finland and Estonia 69 Marjut Jyrkinen Commercialising Bodies, Sex and Sexualities 79 Anett e Dina Sørensen ”Porn chic” tendensen i massekulturen 95 Forfatt eroversikt 101 Kjønnsforskning som kunnskapsbidrag til journalistikken 3 Kjønnsforskning som kunnskapsbidrag til journalistikken I løpet av et fem dagers kurs i november 2005 møtt e 24 journalister nordiske forskere som har analysert kjønns- og maktrelasjonene innen prostitusjon, traffi cking og pornografi . Journalistkurset ble holdt i Tallinn i Estland og var arrangert av NIKK – Nordisk institutt for kvinne- og kjønnsforskning og Nordisk Journalistcenter i samarbeid med det svenske Nationella sekretariatet for genusforskning. Det nordiske kurset var ett er modell av kjønns- og maktperspektivet oft e fraværende. lignende kurs om forskjellige tema innenfor Her kan kjønnsforskningen bidra med et kjønnsforskningen som er blitt arrangert for analyseverktøy som kan øke kvaliteten på journalister i Sverige. Journalistkurset i Tallinn journalistikken. var også en videreføring av NIKKs satsing på Til kurset var det hentet inn noen formidling av forskningen om prostitusjon av Nordens fremste kjønnsforskere for å og traffi cking, et forskningsfelt som har økt presentere aktuelle forskningsresultater og sterkt de siste par årene.
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa
    The Annual Mothers for the Future SolidariTea event, which is hosted annually to highlight the work done by M4F for mothers who o sex work. Photo credit: Lesego Tlhwale 196 SOUTH AFRICA Ntokozo Yingwana From the establishment of the Cape Colony in the 1600s, to the ‘gold rush’ of the Witwatersrand in the 1880s, and today’s self-identifying ‘proud migrant sex worker(s)’, the selling of sex in relation to mobility and migration has a long and nuanced history in South Africa. Therefore, in trying to understand sexual exploitation (and, more specifically, human trafficking) in the sex work industry requires a revisiting of these colonial and apartheid pasts, and the remnants of those eras that still permeate South African current laws and policies. Although sex work is criminalised in the country it is still widely practised and tolerated by the general public; while most people deem it immoral for religious and/or cultural reasons, many still consider it a ‘necessary evil’. Poverty is highly racialised and feminised in South Africa. The unemployment rate of approximately 27.7% (of a 55 million population) is most notable among black women, accounting for 49.1% of unemployed people. Therefore, for many poor black women with limited formal education, selling sex is a viable means of making a living. Sex workers with a primary school education are able to earn nearly six times more than the typical income from formal employment, such as domestic work. In order to avoid being identified by family and friends, many choose to sell sex away from their immediate communities, thus making sex workers a highly mobile population.
    [Show full text]
  • Legalized Prostitution in Finland from the Perspective of the Victims of Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation and Implement
    TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY School of Business and Governance Department of Law Iina-Mari Laine LEGALIZED PROSTITUTION IN FINLAND FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING FOR SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DIRECTIVE 2011/36/EU TO FINNISH CRIMINAL CODE Bachelor Thesis Programme HAJB08/12, European Union and International Law Supervisor: Jenna Uusitalo, MA Tallinn 2018 I declare that I have compiled the paper independently and all works, important standpoints and data by other authors have been properly referenced and the same paper has not been previously been presented for grading. The document length is 14983 words from the introduction to the end of summary. Iina-Mari Laine ……………………………………………………………. (signature, date) Student code: 122763HAJB Student e-mail address: [email protected] Supervisor: Jenna Uusitalo, MA The paper conforms to requirements in force ……………………………………………………………. (signature, date) Chairman of the Defence Committee: / to be added only for graduation theses / Permitted to the defence ……………………………………………………………. (name, signature, date) TABLE OF CONTENT Abbreviations ABSTRACT Keywords INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………................... 6 1. THE OVERVIEW OF THE INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN LEGAL FRAME WORK OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING………………………………………...... 9 2. THE FINNISH NATIONAL LAW……………………………………………………. 12 2.1. General Idea of Human Trafficking and Sex Trafficking …………………………… 12 2.2. The History of Finnish Criminal Code concerning Trafficking in Human Beings …………………………………………………………………………. 14 2.3. Directive 2011/36/EU and Finnish National Legislation ……………………………. 17 3. ANALYSIS OF THE CRIMINAL CODE RELATED TO TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS ……………………………………………………………………. 19 3.1 Analyzing legal prostitution in Finland and its problems relation to Trafficking in Human Beings ………………………………………………….................. 24 3.2. Analyzing the Recognition of the Victims of Human Trafficking ………….……….
    [Show full text]
  • Stjórnmálafræðideild
    Stjórnmálafræðideild MA-ritgerð í alþjóðasamskiptum Combating Human Trafficking and Prostitution State Mechanism and Civil Society In a Nordic Context Katrín Hauksdóttir Júní 2010 Stjórnmálafræðideild MA-ritgerð í alþjóðasamskiptum Combating Human Trafficking and Prostitution State Mechanism and Civil Society In a Nordic Context Katrín Hauksdóttir Júní 2010 Advisor: Þorgerður Einarsdóttir Student: Katrín Hauksdóttir 160573-5899 3 Abstract The topic of this thesis is human trafficking and prostitution and the Nordic countries in their efforts of combating the situation. The hypothesis is that the Nordic countries are role models when it comes to combating human trafficking and prostitution, considering they focus on gender inequality. Two research questions are posed. The first one is whether feminist influence is effective when it comes to policy frameworks. The assumption is that feminist influence is effective, specifically when looking at the Nordic countries, as they are gender egalitarian nations that have the advantage of having strong feminist lobbies within society. The second question is whether the Nordic countries and their NGOs act as norm entrepreneurs in combating human trafficking and prostitution. The assumption is that the Nordic countries are norm entrepreneurs as they have influenced each other and other nations to conform to their norms and values. The same goes with NGOs within society as some of the Nordic countries have NGOs that are strong in feminist values and lobbyism. The special focus is thus on the Nordic countries, as each will be discussed and compared in their efforts in combating human trafficking and sexual exploitation. 4 Preface This thesis is the final assignment for a Masters of Arts degree in International Relations at the University of Iceland and is the equivalent of 30 credits.
    [Show full text]
  • Unge, Køn Og Pornografi I Norden. Mediestudier
    Unge, køn og pornografi i Norden. Mediestudier TemaNord 2006:544 Unge, køn og pornografi i Norden – Mediestudier TemaNord 2006:544 © Nordisk Ministerråd, København 2007 ISBN 92-893-1353-6 Trykk: Arco Grafisk A/S, Skive 2007 Omslag: Gaute Hauglid-Formo, Bergfald & Co Opplag: 500 Trykt på miljøvennlig papir som oppfyller kravene i den nordiske miljøsvanemerkeordning. Publikasjonen kan bestilles på www.norden.org/order. Flere publikasjoner på www.norden.org/publikationer Printed in Denmark Nordisk Ministerråd Nordisk Råd Store Strandstræde 18 Store Strandstræde 18 DK-1255 København K DK-1255 København K Telefon (+45) 3396 0200 Telefon (+45) 3396 0400 Fax (+45) 3396 0202 Fax (+45) 3311 1870 www.norden.org Det nordiske samarbeid Det nordiske samarbeid er en av verdens mest omfattende regionale samarbeidsformer. Samarbeidet omfatter Danmark, Finland, Island, Norge og Sverige, samt de selvstyrende områdene Færøyene, Grønland og Åland. Det nordiske samarbeid er både politisk, økonomisk og kulturelt forankret, og er en viktig medspiller i det europeiske og internasjonale samarbeid. Det nordiske fellesskap arbeider for et sterkt Norden i et sterkt Europa. Det nordiske samarbeid ønsker å styrke nordiske og regionale interesser og verdier i en global om- verden. Felles verdier landene imellom er med til å styrke Nordens posisjon som en av verdens mest innovative og konkurransekraftige regioner. Forord I de senere år er pornografien blevet stadig mere synlig i den nordiske massekultur. Fænomenet kaldes sædvanligvis for pornofisering eller sek- sualisering af det offentlige rum. Det har skabt heftig debat i hele Norden og ikke mindst bekymring for hvilken indflydelse den øgede – og ikke altid frivillige – eksponeringen for pornografi har på børn og unge.
    [Show full text]
  • TAMPEP IV Final Report
    T A M P E P Transnational AIDS/STD Prevention4 among Migrant Prostitutes in Europe/Project F I N A L R E P O R T May 1998 - October 1999 NETHERLANDS ITALY GERMANY AUSTRIA n TAMPEP n Comitato per i n Amnesty for n LEFÖ International Diritti Civili delle Women Kettenbrückengasse Foundation Prostitute Grosse Bergstr. 231 15/4 Westermarkt 4 Casella Postale 67 22767 Hamburg 1050 Vienna 1016 DK Amsterdam 33170 Pordenone Tel: +4940/ 38 4753 Tel: +431/ 58 11880 Tel: +3120/ 624 7149 Tel. & Fax: Fax: +4940/ 38 5758 Fax: +431/ 58 11882 Fax: +3120/ 624 6529 +390434/ 64 0563 E-mail: E-mail: E-mail: E-mail: Amnesty4Women@ [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] t-online.de Co-ordination: Co-ordination: Co-ordination: Co-ordination: Maria Cristina Boidi Licia Brussa Pia Covre & Veronica Munk Carla Corso Contents § Preface § Transnational AIDS/STD prevention among migrant prostitutes in Europe § Materials developed by TAMPEP § European survey on migrant prostitution NETHERLAND § Overview § Central and Eastern European sex workers § Latin American sex workers ITALY § General Consideration § Italian policies regarding prostitution § The influence of new laws and local policies § Position paper drafted by mobile UDS operators reunited at Bologna § Cities involved in TAMPEP activities § CGIL § National data § TAMPEP and the province of Turin § Data collected at Turin § The Free Woman Project § A profile of the target AUSTRIA § Background § Prostitution in Austria § TAMPEP in Austria § Trafficking in Women and Prostitution GERMANY § Introduction § A look at Germany § A look at Hamburg § Further activities § Summary § Study TAMPEP PROJECT-FINAL REPORT December 1999 Editor Licia Brussa © TAMPEP International Foundation Preface LICIA BRUSSA his publication concerns TAMPEP’s activities during the past six years and more particularly the period of ’98-’99.
    [Show full text]
  • Prostitution and Health in Finland
    Regushevskaya Elena (ed.) Prostitution and Health in Finland DISCUSSION PAPER DISCUSSION 5 | 2017 DISCUSSION PAPER 5/2017 Regushevskaya Elena (ed.) Prostitution and Health in Finland Elena Regushevskaya in collaboration with Elina Haavio-Mannila, Tuija Tuormaa and Elina Hemminki © Authors and National Institute for Health and Welfare ISBN 978-952-302-821-0 (online publication) ISSN 2323-363X (online publication) http://urn:fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-302-821-0 Helsinki, Finland 2017 Foreword Prostitution is related to various negative health consequences. The harms of prostitution to health and health care include physical abuse, psychological and sexual abuse 1-6, spreading sexually transmitted infections (STIs) 1,2,7-16 and HIV and violation of victim’s rights. The most common type of prostitution is a man buying sex from women. In Finland a considerable change in prostitution occurred in the beginning of the 1990s after opening borders for its southern EU neighbour Estonia and a growing supply of sex workers from the politically and economically unstable Russia 17. These cause sexual services, especially in border cities, easy and accessible for Finnish men. Studies on customers’ health perception and risk awareness are limited. We do not know whether health issues are concerns for prostitutes and their customers. Also in Finland the information on those who buy sex services is limited. Previous studies have been on the transnational nature of prostitution and sex buyers’ attitudes to prostitution 18-20. In spite of the growing literature on prostitution customers, the gap in research is due to difficulties in accessing customers, to social stigma for using sex services, and to the overall hidden nature of prostitution 21,22,23 .
    [Show full text]
  • Finnish Professional Criminals and Their Organisations in the 1990S Cross-Border Criminality
    European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI) P.O. Box 444 FIN-00531 Helsinki Finland Publication Series No. 47 Adventurers and Risk-Takers: Finnish professional criminals and their organisations in the 1990s cross-border criminality Mika Junninen Helsinki 2006 Copies can be purchased from: Academic Bookstore Criminal Justice Press P.O.Box 128 P.O.Box 249 FIN-000101 Helsinki Monsey, NY 10952 Finland USA Website: http://www.akateeminen.com Website: http://www.criminaljusticepress.com ISBN 952-5333-25-6 ISSN 1237-4741 Printed by Hakapaino Oy, Helsinki, Finland Acknowledgements This book was written during my stay in several institutes: National Research Institute of Legal Policy (Helsinki), Instituto di Criminologia (University of Teramo), TRANSCRIME (University of Trento), Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra), Institute of Criminology (Sydney University), United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime (Vienna) and European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, Affiliated with the United Nations (Helsinki). I wish to express my gratitude to these institutes and the members of their staff. The main funding for this study is provided by the European Union, through the University of Teramo and University of Trento (International PhD in Criminology, XV cycle). Additional funding was received from the National Research Institute of Legal Policy, HEUNI, the Academy of Finland, the Ministry of Interior/Police Department, and the Scandinavian Research Council for Criminology. Thank you for believing in this project. Most of all, I wish to thank the interviewed offenders who were willing to talk about their lives. In Finland, I extend my gratitude to Kauko Aromaa who lent his criminological experience, personal support and language skills to my assistance whenever they were needed.
    [Show full text]
  • Street Corner Secrets
    STREET CORNER SECRETS Sex, Work, and Migration in the City of Mumbai SVATI P. SHAH STREET CORNER SECRETS NEXT WAVE: New Directions in Women’s Studies A series edited by Inderpal Grewal, Caren Kaplan, and Robyn Wiegman STREET CORNER SECRETS Sex, Work, and Migration in the City of Mumbai SVATI P. SHAH Duke University Press Durham and London 2014 © 2014 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ∞ Designed by Heather Hensley Typeset in Chaparral Pro by Copperline Book Services, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in- P ublication Data Shah, Svati Pragna Street corner secrets : sex, work, and migration in the city of Mumbai / Svati P. Shah. pages cm — (Next wave : new directions in women’s studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0- 82 23-5689- 9 (cloth : alk. paper) isbn 978- 0- 8223- 5698- 1 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Prostitutes — India — Mumbai. 2. Prostitution — India — Mumbai. 3. Rural- urban migration — India — Mumbai. 4. Women — Employment — India — Mumbai. i. Title. ii. Series: Next wave. hq240.m86.s43 2014 306.740954'792 — dc23 2014000765 Cover image by Chitra Ganesh To Sojar Bai, who talked to me for no good reason, to my mother, Dr. Pragna Nina Shah, and to the loving memories of Dr. Madhukar Kantitlal Shah and Dr. Sid (Uday) Madhukar Shah CONTENTS Preface ix Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 1. Day Wage Labor and Migration: Making Ends Meet 41 2. Sex, Work, and Silence from the Construction Workers’ Naka 77 3. Sex Work and the Street 113 4. Red- Light Districts, Rescue, and Real Estate 147 Conclusion Agency, Livelihoods, and Spaces 189 Notes 207 Bibliography 231 Index 247 PREFACE The project from which this book emerged developed out of a three- month internship in 1996, when, as a master’s student in public health, I worked with an international nongovernmental organization (ngo) devoted to preventing hiv transmission in the main red- light districts of Mumbai.
    [Show full text]
  • Migration and Sex Work Through a Gender Perspective Pereira & Freitas
    Contexto Internacional vol. 40(3) Sep/Dec 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-8529.2018400300005 Migration and Sex Work through a Gender Perspective Pereira & Freitas Charlotte Valadier* Abstract: The trajectories of migration and prostitution are embedded in representations of body, gender, sex and sexuality. This article seeks to understand the articulation between migration and sex work through the lens of gender. To this end, this article relies on a typological approach that aims to clear some ground in the ongoing debate on the issues of prostitution, sex trafficking and migration of sex workers. It explores the theoretical cross-contribution as well as the conceptual limitations of radical, liberal, post-colonial, critical and postmodern feminist perspectives on the issues of prostitution, sex workers’ mobility and sex trafficking. It gives special focus to the contribu- tions of the postmodern feminist reading, especially by highlighting how it has challenged conven- tional feminist theories, hitherto grounded in dualistic structures. In fact, the postmodern feminist approach makes a stand against the simplistic dichotomies such as First/Third World, passivity/ agency, vulnerability/empowerment, innocence/conscience, sexual trafficking/voluntary prostitu- tion or ‘trafficked victim’/‘autonomous sex worker.’ As such, postmodern feminism disrupts all fixed demarcations and homogeneous forms of categorisation on which the dominant feminist theories were based, allowing thus for the emergence of new practices of subjectivity as well as new forms of flexible identities. Keywords: Migration; Sex Work; Sex Trafficking; Gender; Postmodern Feminism. Introduction When one talks about transnational prostitution or trafficking in persons for the purpose of sexual exploitation, the terms ‘prostitutes’ and ‘sex workers,’ ‘prostitution’ and ‘sex traf- ficking’ are often wrongly equated.
    [Show full text]
  • An Unholy Union? Eugenic Feminism in the Nordic Countries, Ca. 1890-1940
    An Unholy Union? Eugenic Feminism in the Nordic Countries, ca. 1890-1940 Merle Weßel An Unholy Union? Eugenic Feminism in the Nordic Countries, ca.1890-1940 Merle Weßel Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by due permission of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki, in lecture hall 13 on 28 March 2018 at 12 o’clock noon. ISBN 978-951-51-4103-3 (paperback) ISBN 978-951-51-4104-0 (PDF) http://ethesis.helsinki.fi Unigrafia 2018 Abstract The interest of first-wave feminists into eugenics was widespread internationally but the Nordic countries showed an especially keen engagement with these ideals. This link between eugenics and feminism is a controversial one, since eugenics is often thought to restrict women's reproductive choices, whereas feminism empowers women's reproductive choices. This dissertation examines the engagement of Nordic feminists with eugenic ideals between 1890 and 1940. It investigates prominent feminists and feminist organizations from Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Iceland. I analyse if, and to what extent, Nordic feminists believed eugenics to be an appealing ideology to support their goal of female empowerment This study draws upon theories of the body, intersectionality and biopower to illustrate how eugenic feminists defined, middle class women as valuable, who contributed positively society with their reproductive function as opposed to questionable women from the working class and under class who were unable to contribute to the nation. Using content analysis, this dissertation examines the public writings of eugenic feminists and feminist organizations, such as medical and sexual health advice books, articles, pamphlets, lectures, and magazines.
    [Show full text]