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The Origins of the Underline As Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: a Case Study in Skeuomorphism
The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Romano, John J. 2016. The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33797379 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism John J Romano A Thesis in the Field of Visual Arts for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University November 2016 Abstract This thesis investigates the process by which the underline came to be used as the default signifier of hyperlinks on the World Wide Web. Created in 1990 by Tim Berners- Lee, the web quickly became the most used hypertext system in the world, and most browsers default to indicating hyperlinks with an underline. To answer the question of why the underline was chosen over competing demarcation techniques, the thesis applies the methods of history of technology and sociology of technology. Before the invention of the web, the underline–also known as the vinculum–was used in many contexts in writing systems; collecting entities together to form a whole and ascribing additional meaning to the content. -
Privacy Resources 2018
Privacy Resources 2018 By Marcus P. Zillman, M.S., A.M.H.A. Executive Director – Virtual Private Library [email protected] Privacy Resources 2018 is a comprehensive listing of privacy resources currently available on the Internet. These include associations, indexes, search engines as well as individual websites and sources that supply the latest technology and information about privacy and how it relates to you and the Internet. The below list of sources is taken from my Subject Tracer™ Information Blog titled Privacy Resources and is constantly updated with Subject Tracer™ bots from the following URL: http://www.PrivacyResources.info/ These resources and sources will help you to discover the many pathways available to you through the Internet to find the latest privacy sources and sites. Figure 1: Privacy Resources 2018 Subject Tracer™ Information Blog 1 [Updated: April 1, 2018] Privacy Resources 2018 White Paper Link Compilation http://www.PrivacyResources.info/ [email protected] Voice: 800-858-1462 © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Marcus P. Zillman, M.S., A.M.H.A. Privacy Resources 2018: 10 Best Security and Privacy Apps for Smartphones and Tablets http://drippler.com/drip/10-best-security-privacy-apps-smartphones-tablets 10 Minute Mail http://10minutemail.com/10MinuteMail/index.html 10 Privacy Gadgets To Help You Keep a Secret http://www.popsci.com/keep-your-secrets-a-secret 10 Reasons to Use a VPN for Private Web Browsing http://netforbeginners.about.com/od/readerpicks/tp/Reasons-to-Use-a-VPN-Service.htm -
QUICK GUIDE How to Download a Digital Publication to View Offline from the BC Publications Subscription Library
QUICK GUIDE how to download a digital publication to view offline from the BC Publications subscription library INTERNET EXPLORER, P2 FIREFOX, P4 GOOGLE CHROME, P6 INTERNET EXPLORER STEP 1 Begin with opening the publication from the “My Publications” page. Now select the “Save to browser” button in the top right corner Once completed the following message will appear. Select the “Close” button Quick Guide 2 To find out how to display the “favorites bar” go to Page 8 STEP 2: ADD TO FAVORITES Bookmark the URL by selecting the “Add to Favorites” option. The “Add to Favorite” dialogue box will From the top Menu select the “Favorites”, then from the drop down appear and users may change the favorite name within the Name field at this time. select the “Add to Favorites” option or select the Favorites icon. Next select the “Add” button. The “Add to Favorite” dialogue Anytime the workstation is offline (not connected to the internet) this link within the Favorites will provide the user access to the bookmarked offline copy. To access this link launch Internet Explorer, Open list of Favorites and select the title as originally saved. Quick Guide 3 STEP 1 FIREFOX Now select the “Save to browser” Begin with opening the publication from the “My Publications” page button in the top right corner The browser will begin saving and the following box will appear. Once completed the following message will appear. Select the “Close” button Quick Guide 4 To find out how to display the “favorites bar” go to Page 9 STEP 2: BOOKMARK THE URL Bookmark the URL by selecting the “Bookmark this page” button. -
HTTP Cookie - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 14/05/2014
HTTP cookie - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 14/05/2014 Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Search HTTP cookie From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Navigation A cookie, also known as an HTTP cookie, web cookie, or browser HTTP Main page cookie, is a small piece of data sent from a website and stored in a Persistence · Compression · HTTPS · Contents user's web browser while the user is browsing that website. Every time Request methods Featured content the user loads the website, the browser sends the cookie back to the OPTIONS · GET · HEAD · POST · PUT · Current events server to notify the website of the user's previous activity.[1] Cookies DELETE · TRACE · CONNECT · PATCH · Random article Donate to Wikipedia were designed to be a reliable mechanism for websites to remember Header fields Wikimedia Shop stateful information (such as items in a shopping cart) or to record the Cookie · ETag · Location · HTTP referer · DNT user's browsing activity (including clicking particular buttons, logging in, · X-Forwarded-For · Interaction or recording which pages were visited by the user as far back as months Status codes or years ago). 301 Moved Permanently · 302 Found · Help 303 See Other · 403 Forbidden · About Wikipedia Although cookies cannot carry viruses, and cannot install malware on 404 Not Found · [2] Community portal the host computer, tracking cookies and especially third-party v · t · e · Recent changes tracking cookies are commonly used as ways to compile long-term Contact page records of individuals' browsing histories—a potential privacy concern that prompted European[3] and U.S. -
Custostech Economic White Paper
The Economics of Digital Piracy and CustosTech tech WP 01/2014 June 2014 Executive Summary Custos Media Technologies (CustosTech) provides a novel approach to fighting digital piracy. While the technology itself is cutting edge, the true innovation of the technology is a behavioural one: the incentive structure of the pirating community is warped, leading to a discontinuation of piracy. To understand the innovation, this white paper sets out to explain !the piracy ecosystem within which the technology will be effective. ! The consumer and producer welfare functions are considered from a theoretical point of view. These functions explain the incentive of consumers to choose to pirate movies: consumers who expect a larger net-gain to their utility from piracy will opt to do so. This net gain is determined by the relative valuations of legal to illegal copies, and the relative cost of use. Staying with theoretical considerations, the options facing producers to limit !piracy are investigated: pricing, protection, and value-adding. ! This theoretical framework is then used to understand the incentive structures governing the players in the ecosystem: hosts, uploaders and downloaders. Hosts are found to be almost exclusively profit-motivated, with uploaders motivated by profit or altruism. Downloaders are split into four categories, depending on their main motivation or justification for pirating. An analysis of incumbent anti-piracy technologies shows that these technologies are almost all ineffective, sometimes even acting to increase the !preference for piracy.! With this background, the need for a new solution becomes all too apparent. The CustosTech technology is considered within the piracy framework, and the technological and economic effects explained. -
You Are Not Welcome Among Us: Pirates and the State
International Journal of Communication 9(2015), 890–908 1932–8036/20150005 You Are Not Welcome Among Us: Pirates and the State JESSICA L. BEYER University of Washington, USA FENWICK MCKELVEY1 Concordia University, Canada In a historical review focused on digital piracy, we explore the relationship between hacker politics and the state. We distinguish between two core aspects of piracy—the challenge to property rights and the challenge to state power—and argue that digital piracy should be considered more broadly as a challenge to the authority of the state. We trace generations of peer-to-peer networking, showing that digital piracy is a key component in the development of a political platform that advocates for a set of ideals grounded in collaborative culture, nonhierarchical organization, and a reliance on the network. We assert that this politics expresses itself in a philosophy that was formed together with the development of the state-evading forms of communication that perpetuate unmanageable networks. Keywords: pirates, information politics, intellectual property, state networks Introduction Digital piracy is most frequently framed as a challenge to property rights or as theft. This framing is not incorrect, but it overemphasizes intellectual property regimes and, in doing so, underemphasizes the broader political challenge posed by digital pirates. In fact, digital pirates and broader “hacker culture” are part of a political challenge to the state, as well as a challenge to property rights regimes. This challenge is articulated in terms of contributory culture, in contrast to the commodification and enclosures of capitalist culture; as nonhierarchical, in contrast to the strict hierarchies of the modern state; and as faith in the potential of a seemingly uncontrollable communication technology that makes all of this possible, in contrast to a fear of the potential chaos that unsurveilled spaces can bring. -
Piracy Versus Privacy: an Analysis of Values Encoded in the Piratebrowser
International Journal of Communication 9(2015), 818–838 1932–8036/20150005 Piracy Versus Privacy: An Analysis of Values Encoded in the PirateBrowser BALÁZS BODÓ University of Amsterdam, Institute for Information Law The Netherlands The PirateBrowser is a Web browser that uses Tor privacy-enhancing technology to circumvent nationally implemented Internet filters blocking access to The Pirate Bay. This article analyzes the possible consequences of a mass influx of copyright pirates into the privacy domain. The article addresses the effects of the uptake of strong privacy technologies by pirates on copyright enforcement and on free speech and privacy technology domains. Also discussed are the norms and values reflected in the specific design choices taken by the developers of the PirateBrowser. Keywords: piracy, privacy, Tor, privacy-enhancing technologies, policy Introduction Tor (The Onion Router), “endorsed by Egyptian activists, WikiLeaks, NSA, GCHQ, Chelsea Manning, Snowden” (Dingledine & Appelbaum, 2013), is a volunteer network of computers that relays Web traffic through itself to provide anonymous, unobserved, and uncensored access to the Internet. It has about 4,000 relays and about 1,000 exit nodes. Tor users connect to the network, and their Web traffic is channeled through the internal relays to reach its final destination through one of the exit nodes. This arrangement makes the identification and surveillance of Tor users difficult. Anonymity is promised by the difficulty of tracing the Web traffic that appears on the exit node back to the individual who initiated the traffic, as long as there is a sufficient number of internal hops in between. Protection from surveillance is granted by the fact that each link in the communication chain is encrypted. -
Tutorial URL Manager Pro Tutorial
Tutorial URL Manager Pro Tutorial Version 3.3 Summer 2004 WWW http://www.url-manager.com Email mailto:[email protected] Copyright © 2004 Alco Blom All Rights Reserved - 1 - Tutorial Installation Requirements URL Manager Pro 3.3 requires Mac OS X 10.2 or higher. On Mac OS X 10.1 you can use URL Manager Pro 3.1.1. URL Manager Pro 2.8 is still available for Mac OS 8 users. The bundle size of URL Manager Pro 3.3 is around 8 MB, including this user manual and localizations for English, Japanese, German, French, Spanish and Italian, which are all included in the default package. Installing Installation is very easy, just move URL Manager Pro into the Applications folder. To start using URL Manager Pro, simply double-click the application icon. Optional: You may want to install the Add Bookmark Contextual Menu Item plug-in. The Add Bookmark plug-in can be installed using the URLs tab of the Preferences Window of URL Manager Pro. The plug-in will then be copied to: ~/Library/Contextual Menu Items/ Where ~ is the customary Unix shorthand to indicate the user's home directory. For more information, go to the Add Bookmark Web page or the Contextual Menu Item section in the Special Features chapter. The Bookmark Menu Extra While URL Manager Pro is running, it automatically adds the Bookmark Menu Extra to the menu bar. With the Bookmark Menu Extra you have access to your bookmarks from within any application, including your web browser. The Bookmark Menu Extra is located in the right part of your menu bar (see below). -
Contributing to Mozilla Websites
CONTRIBUTING TO MOZILLA WEBSITES Mozcamp EU Warsaw, Poland - September 9 2012 Sunday, 9 September, 12 Web development can be confusing. •But it’s pretty easy to get started, that’s one of the things that makes the Web great. •I’m going to give you the tools to start working on our sites. Sunday, 9 September, 12 A QUICK TUTORIAL • Editing CSS requires almost no setup. • Lots of tutorials on the web. • w3schools.com sucks. • http://reference.sitepoint.com/css is pretty good. • Use http://developer.mozilla.org • http://www.google.com/reviews/t Sunday, 9 September, 12 Lets talk about Mozilla.org •Mozilla.org has been around a long time. •Historically, it’s PHP. •The current PHP site is a frankenstein monstrosity •Mix of three original sites: mozilla.org, .com, and mozillamessaging.com Sunday, 9 September, 12 • Code is at https://svn.mozilla.org/projects/mozilla.org/trunk • It’s also at https://svn.mozilla.org/projects/mozilla.com/trunk • You don’t need to set up the whole thing, you can just set up the piece(mozilla.com, .org, or mozilla.org/thunderbird) that you want to work on. • There’s currently a rewrite of mozilla.org in Python happening called Bedrock. • Trivia: The full checkout of both these sites is roughly 1.5GB. Mozilla.org & Thunderbird are nearly 1GB alone. Sunday, 9 September, 12 Lets Setup Mozilla.org! • We’re going to use Ubuntu. • I’ve installed Ubuntu in a VM for demonstration purposes. • If you’re on Windows, VMWare Player is free and works well. Bit painful to install locally on Windows, but it’s possible. -
PDF Bookmarks, Page 560 PDF Document Properties, Page 567 PDF Viewer Settings, Page 568
554 How to output PDF links, bookmarks, document properties, and viewer settings How To Get There from Here How to output PDF links, bookmarks, document properties, and viewer settings Arbortext Editor supports generation of PDF links, bookmarks, document properties, and viewer settings from SGML and XML documents. They are all discussed below. PDF links, page 555 PDF bookmarks, page 560 PDF document properties, page 567 PDF viewer settings, page 568 NOTE: These techniques apply only to the direct PDF method. DRAFT © 2012 How To Get There from Here PDF links 555 PDF links Automatically generated, FOSI-generated, and manually authored PDF links are discussed below. Automatically generated PDF links, page 555 FOSI-generated PDF links, page 555 Authored PDF links, page 556 PDF link–related ACL, page 559 Automatically generated PDF links Publishing directly to PDF automatically creates links that go from: ■ Each entry in the table of contents to the page on which that entry appears ■ A cross reference to the page on which the cross-referenced element appears ■ Each index entry to its corresponding page number FOSI-generated PDF links The link category (page 477) is used to generate PDF links to: ■ A named destination ■ A URL Link can be used in different ways: ■ In the resolved charlist of an e-i-c. The href characteristic specifies a hard-coded URL or a hard-coded ID that presumably is included in the document. ■ In a fillval charsubset. An attribute on an element in the document specifies an ID or URL, which the fillval category assigns to the href characteristic on the link category. -
Linux Vs Windows 7 Posted at 4:16Pm on Thursday August 20Th 2009
• Latest News • Podcast • Features • Distros • Code • Apps • Web • Hardware Top of Form 14cab29049c5e99797search_formb5ab2750af718b Search Bottom of Form Listen to this: our Linux podcast kicks ass. Subscribe for free! Linux vs Windows 7 Posted at 4:16pm on Thursday August 20th 2009 It's something of a tradition that we pit the latest version of Windows against our trusty old operating system. This isn't because we want to raise the profile of Windows, or ignite further flamewars on which is better or worse. It's about understanding the market and understanding the competition. Microsoft Windows is by far the most dominant operating system on the planet, and as Linux users, we need to keep on top of new developments, new technologies and new ideas. This gives Linux the best possible chance to grow and remain relevant. So, if you read our benchmarks comparing Windows 7, Vista and Ubuntu and are looking to find out more on what separates Windows 7 and Linux on the features front, read on... Both operating systems now occupy a distinctly different part of the market. Microsoft has taken Windows down a purely proprietary route, forging relationships with content providers and hardware vendors that keep full control from the user. Linux is completely open. Out of the box, Linux even boasts better media format support than Windows, and it can be the only way to run older hardware at its fullest potential, especially if there isn't a new driver for Windows 7. Forewarned is forarmed Over the life span of Windows 7, public concern for privacy, digital rights management and locked-in upgrades should help Linux to grow as an alternative when users want to keep complete control over their own hardware and software. -
Piratebrowser Artifacts
PirateBrowser Artifacts Written by Chris Antonovich Researched by Olivia Hatalsky 175 Lakeside Ave, Room 300A Phone: 802/865-5744 Fax: 802/865-6446 http://www.lcdi.champlin.edu Published Date Patrick Leahy Center for Digital Investigation (LCDI) Disclaimer: This document contains information based on research that has been gathered by employee(s) of The Senator Patrick Leahy Center for Digital Investigation (LCDI). The data contained in this project is submitted voluntarily and is unaudited. Every effort has been made by LCDI to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in this report. However, LCDI nor any of our employees make no representation, warranty or guarantee in connection with this report and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from use of this data. Information in this report can be downloaded and redistributed by any person or persons. Any redistribution must maintain the LCDI logo and any references from this report must be properly annotated. Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Background: ........................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Purpose and Scope: ............................................................................................................................................................