DOCSLIB.ORG

Design and Operation of Automatic Gain Control Loops for Receivers in Modern Communications Systems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Design and Operation of Automatic Gain Control Loops for Receivers in Modern Communications Systems TUTORIAL DESIGN AND OPERATION OF AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL LOOPS FOR RECEIVERS IN MODERN COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS his article is intended to provide insight VGA TYPES into the effective operation of variable There are two major classes of VGA in use Tgain amplifiers (VGA) in automatic gain today. The first is the so-called IVGA (input control (AGC) applications. Figure 1 is a gen- VGA), which can be regarded as a passive eral block diagram for an AGC loop. The in- variable attenuator followed by a fixed-gain put signal passes through the VGA to produce amplifier. The second type is the output VGA the output level to be stabilized. The detec- (OVGA), which is essentially equivalent to a tor’s output is compared against a setpoint fixed-gain amplifier followed by a passive at- voltage to produce an error signal, which is tenuator. then integrated to produce a gain control volt- An IVGA is the preferred choice for a re- Fig. 1 VGA-based AGC age. This is applied to the control input of the ceive AGC system because the available out- loop block diagram. ▼ VGA. The attenuator shown be- tween the VGA and the detec- VGA (LINEAR IN dB) SIGNAL tor is used to align the maxi- This article is intended OUTPUT mum output level of the VGA SIGNAL INPUT with the maximum input level to provide insight into the of the detector. effective operation of variable RF ATTEN DETECTOR In the course of this article several key issues will be ad- gain amplifiers (VGA) dressed, including VGA types, C integ Rstab Rin loop dynamics, detector types, in automatic gain control the operating level of VGA and (AGC) applications. − the operating level of the detec- + tor. Then an example applica- ERROR INTEGRATOR tion revolving around an AD8367 VGA will be presented DANA WHITLOW SETPOINT INPUT RSSI OUTPUT for further discussion of the Analog Devices material. Beaverton, OR TUTORIAL vide considerable reduction of the law influences the dependency of the LOG LINBNV ripple. loop’s equilibrium level on the input’s RMS SQLAW One of the benefits of using an waveform or crest factor. +20 IVGA in an AGC loop is that the Four detector types will be consid- +10 VGA’s gain control voltage bears an ered here: envelope detector; square- 0 accurate logarithmic relationship to law detector; true-RMS detector; and −10 the input signal level when the loop is log detector. (dB) − o 20 in equilibrium. This means that the P −30 gain control voltage may also be used ENVELOPE DETECTOR −40 as an excellent received signal (RECTIFIER) −50 strength indicator (RSSI). The output voltage of the enve- 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 lope detector is proportional to the TIME (ms) LOOP DYNAMICS magnitude of the instantaneous RF ▲ Fig. 2 Simulated response of AGC loop Response time is an important is- input voltage. Assuming that suffi- to large amplitude steps for various detectors. sue when designing any AGC loop. cient low pass filtering is applied at There is usually a compromise be- its output to eliminate RF ripple, this put level at low distortion is relatively tween having the loop respond to un- detector produces a voltage propor- independent of the gain setting. This desired input level fluctuations as tional to the envelope amplitude of is the desired trait for an AGC sys- rapidly as one would like, and having the RF signal. tem, whose very object is to maintain it undesirably modify amplitude mod- Assuming that the loop’s band- a constant output in the face of vary- ulation on the signal. Additionally, width is made sufficiently small as to ing input signal amplitude. large and/or abrupt changes in the in- avoid significant gain pumping, the The OVGA is generally ill suited put level may lead to unacceptable effect of the loop using an envelope to AGC applications because of its re- recovery behavior, necessitating fur- detector is to stabilize the average duced output signal handling capabil- ther adjustments of the response rectified voltage of the signal. The re- ity at low gain settings and therefore time. sulting power is therefore dependent will not be discussed further here. The issue of excessive loop band- on the RF signal’s envelope wave- When a single IVGA is used in a width deserves a bit more explana- form. Such a loop acting on a con- situation in which the VGA sets the tion. If the loop responds too quickly, stant-envelope signal such as GSM system noise floor, the output SNR is it will introduce undesired gain mod- will produce an average output power essentially independent of the input ulation arising from the loop’s efforts which is different than that for a signal; it does not improve as is often to stabilize the output level of a signal heavily-amplitude-modulated signal, preferred. Occasionally, it is desirable containing legitimate amplitude mod- such as CDMA or 64QAM. to cascade two VGAs in order to ame- ulation. This is referred to as “gain The output of the envelope detec- liorate this behavior or simply to ob- pumping.” In the context of digital tor cannot go negative no matter how tain more gain control range. Doing modulation, the presence of apprecia- weak the input signal, but may reach so requires proper coordination of ble gain pumping can result in signifi- extreme positive values in response to the gain control inputs of the two de- cant modulation errors and perhaps very strong signals. Starting with the vices. even noticeable spectral re-growth in AGC loop in equilibrium, a sudden If the gain control of only the sec- extreme cases. A tolerable value of large increase in input amplitude ond stage VGA is manipulated in the gain pumping would generally be only causes a very large initial increase in weak signal regime, the signal level to a fairly small fraction of 1 dB. detector output, which very rapidly the first stage VGA’s amplifier in- drives the loop towards lower gain. creases with increasing input level, so DETECTOR TYPES (DETECTOR On the other hand, an abrupt reduc- the output SNR improves with in- LAW) tion of the input signal level (no mat- creasing input level. It is necessary to One convenient aspect of an AGC ter by how many dB) cannot reduce hand off the gain control from the loop is that the detector need not nec- the detector output below zero, and second stage to the first stage only essarily have a very wide dynamic the loop’s best response is to slew to- when overload of the first stage’s am- range over which it obeys any particu- wards equilibrium at a fairly low rate plifier is imminent. lar law. This is because the detector until the detector output begins to Alternatively, the two gain control operates at a constant average level change by a significant fraction of the inputs may simply be driven in paral- when the AGC loop is in equilibrium; reference voltage, at which point the lel, in which case the output S/N (ex- thus, the detector should only need to recovery trends towards an exponen- pressed in dB) improves at half the cope accurately with the level range tial decay. In the slew rate limited re- rate at which the input level (also ex- associated with a modulated signal. gion, the gain of the signal path is pressed in dB) rises. In cases where However, as mentioned earlier, the varying at a constant number of dB the VGAs used have residual ripple in detector’s response law (that is linear, per second. their gain control functions, an addi- log, square law, etc.) can play a signifi- Figure 2 shows the behavior of tional benefit of this approach can be cant role in determining the loop’s dy- such a loop for a large input level obtained if the two gain control input namic response during large, abrupt step (note that curves for all four de- signals are intentionally offset by half changes in signal level. Perhaps more tector types are superimposed on this the period of the ripple. This can pro- importantly, the detector’s response plot). These results were obtained TUTORIAL from simulations in which the VGA of the signal path that is square law has a shallow slope for high input lev- has representative limits on the gain brings forth the possibility of the els, resulting in a diminished re- range and on the maximum output large-step response being different sponse rate to sudden increases in level. The detectors contrived for from that of the simple envelope de- signal level. At the other extreme, the these simulations have no particular tector, which can indeed be seen in square-law detector’s small slope near limits, on the grounds that in most the figure. Note that the RMS detec- zero input level gives it a very slug- practical situations the designer will tor has a slightly slower recovery from gish response to large decreases in in- scale the circuit so that the detector a large downward amplitude step put amplitude. Conversely, the does not limit appreciably before the than does the standard envelope de- square-law detector exaggerates the VGA does. tector, but a slightly faster recovery response to large signals, giving the (and a bit of overshoot) from a step fastest response to increasing signals. SQUARE-LAW DETECTOR up in input amplitude. In common The envelope and RMS detectors, This type of detector has an in- with the square-law detector, the having intermediate characteristics, stantaneous output which is propor- true-RMS detector will make the give response speeds in between.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wideband Automatic Gain Control Design in 130 Nm CMOS Process for Wireless Receiver Applications
    Wideband Automatic Gain Control Design in 130 nm CMOS Process for Wireless Receiver Applications A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering By Joseph Benito Strzelecki, B.S. Wright State University, 2013 2015 Wright State University WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL _August 19, 2015_______ I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Joseph Benito Strzelecki ENTITLED Wideband Automatic Gain Control Design in 130 nm CMOS Process for Wireless Receiver Applications BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Science in Engineering. ___________________________________ Saiyu Ren, Ph.D. Thesis Director ___________________________________ Brian D. Rigling, Ph.D. Department Chair Committee on Final Examination ________________________________ Saiyu Ren, Ph.D. ________________________________ Raymond E. Siferd, Ph.D. ________________________________ John M. Emmert, Ph.D. ________________________________ Arnab K. Shaw, Ph.D. ________________________________ Robert E. W. Fyffe, Ph.D. Vice President for Research and Dean of the Graduate School Abstract Strzelecki, Joseph Benito, M.S.Egr, Department of Electrical Engineering, Wright State University, 2015. “Wideband Automatic Gain Control Design in 130 nm CMOS Process for Wireless Receiver Applications” An analog automatic gain control circuit (AGC) and mixer were implemented in 130 nm CMOS technology. The proposed AGC was intended for implementation into a wireless receiver chain. Design specifications required a 60 dB tuning range on the output of the AGC, a settling time within several microseconds, and minimum circuit complexity to reduce area usage and power consumption. Desired AGC functionality was achieved through the use of four nonlinear variable gain amplifiers (VGAs) and a single LC filter in the forward path of the circuit and a control loop containing an RMS power detector, a multistage comparator, and a charging capacitor.
    [Show full text]
  • A Wide Range and High Speed Automatic Gain Control
    11111,.o 0 c_ SSCL-Preprint-407 = May 1993 "_ Distribution Category: 400 ' E. Tacconi rar_ t.. ' _ C Christiansen or3 ._ A Wide Range and High Speed Automatic Gain Control Superconductl "n g Super Collider Laboratory DISTRIIBLITION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITEi_ Disclaimer Notice This reportwas preparedas an account of work sponsoredby an agency of the UnitedStates Government. Neither the United States Governmentor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees,makesany warranty,expressor implied,or assumesanylegal liabilityor responsibility for the accuracy,completeness,or usefulnessof any information,apparatus,product,or process disclosed,or representsthat its usewouldnotinfringeprivatelyowned rights.Reference hereinto any specificcommercial product,process,or serviceby trade name, trademark, manufacturer,or otherwise, does notnecessarilyconstituteor implyits endorsement,recommendation,or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinionsof authors expressed herein donot necessadlystate or reflectthose ofthe UnitedStates Governmentor any agency thereof. Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory is an equal opportunity employer. SSCL-Preprint-407 A Wide Range and High Speed Automatic Gain Control* E. Tacconi and C. Christiansen Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory t 2550 Beckleymeade Ave. Dallas, TX 75237 May 1993 _ _' -12 -. _" *Presented at the 1993 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference on May 17-20, Washington, D.C. *Operated by the Universities Research Association, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC35-89ER40486. 131STRIBUI'ION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMIT i=-O A Wide Range and High Speed Automatic Gain Control Eugenio J. Tacconit and Carlos F. Christiansen t Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory* 2550 Beckleymeade Avenue Dallas, Texas 75237 Abstract maximum loop gain, and a poor dynamic behavior is obtained Automatic gain control (AGC) techniques have been largely for low-gain operating points.
    [Show full text]
  • An Empirical Characterization of Concrete Channel and Modulation Schemes with Piezoelectric Transducers Based Transceivers
    AN EMPIRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CONCRETE CHANNEL AND MODULATION SCHEMES WITH PIEZO ELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS BASED TRANSCEIVERS A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering by Sai Shiva Kailaswar August 2012 AN EMPIRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CONCRETE CHANNEL AND MODULATION SCHEMES WITH PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS BASED TRANSCEIVERS _______________________________________ Sai Shiva Kailaswar Approved: ______________________________ Chair of the Committee Dr. Rong Zheng, Associate Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering Committee Members: ______________________________ Dr. Zhu Han, Associate Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering ______________________________ Dr. Yuhua Chen, Associate Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering ______________________________ ______________________________ Dr. Suresh Khator, Dr. Badri Roysam, Associate Dean Professor and Chairman Cullen College of Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research would not have been possible without the support of God Almighty and all praise to him. I owe my deepest gratitude to Dr. Rong Zheng for giving me an opportunity to pursue my Master’s thesis under her esteemed guidance. Without her support and assistance, this project would not have been possible. Her timely support, encouragement, and logical thinking have greatly inspired me to keep my spirits high throughout the research. I would like to thank Dr. Zhu Han and Dr. Yuhua Chen for accepting my invitation to serve on my thesis committee. It gives me pleasure to thank all the members of the Wireless System Research Group, especially Mr. Guanbo Zheng. I would like to dedicate my work to my beloved parents, brother, Mr. Kishore Potta, and sister-in-law Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Replacing the Automatic Gain Control Loop in a Mobile, Digital TV Broadcast Receiver by a Software Based Solution
    Replacing the automatic gain control loop in a mobile, digital TV broadcast receiver by a software based solution diploma thesis Patrick Boettcher Technische Fachhochschule Wildau Fachbereich Betriebswirtschaft/Wirtschaftsinformatik Date: 09.03.2008 Erstbetreuer: Prof. Dr. Christian Müller Zweitbetreuer: Prof. Dr. Bernd Eylert ii A part of this diploma thesis is not available until April 2010, because it is protected by a lock flag. The complete work can and will be made available by that time. The parts affected are – Chapter 4, – Chapter 5, – Appendix C and – Appendix D. If by that time you cannot find the complete work anywhere, please contact the author. iii Danksagung An dieser Stelle möchte ich all jenen danken, die durch ihre fachliche und persönliche Unterstützung zum Gelingen dieser Diplomarbeit beigetragen haben. Besonderer Dank gebührt meiner Lebenspartnerin Ariane und meinen Eltern, die mir dieses Studium durch ihre Unterstützung ermöglicht haben und mir fortwährend Vorbild und Ansporn waren. Weiterhin bedanke ich mich bei Professor Dr. Christian Müller und Professor Dr. Bernd Eylert für die Betreuung dieser Diplomarbeit. Großer Dank gilt ebenfalls meinen Kollegen bei DiBcom S.A., die mir die Möglichkeit gaben, diese Arbeit zu verfassen und mich technich sehr stark unterstützten. Vor allem möchte ich mich in diesem Zusammenhang bei Jean-Philippe Sibers bedanken, der mir immer mit einer Inspriration zur Seite stand. Gleiches gilt für das „Physical Layer Software Team“: Luc Banda, Frédéric Tarral und Vincent Recrosio. Acknowledgment I want to use this opportunity to thank everyone who supported me personally and professionally to create this diploma thesis. Special thanks appertain to my partner Ariane and my parents, who supported me during my studies and who continuously guided and motivated me.
    [Show full text]
  • A Wide Range and High Speed Automatic Gain Control Eugenio J
    © 1993 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. A Wide Range and High Speed Automatic Gain Control Eugenio J. Tacconit and Carlos F. Christiansen~ Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory* 2550 Beckleymeade Avenue, MS 4004 Dallas, Texas 75237 Abstract The gain of the controlled amplifier is a function of the Automatic gain control (AGC) techniques have been control voltage x(t). Thus, the control system is non linear largely used since the beginning of electronics but in most of and gain loop and stability are usually dependent on the the applications the dynamic responseis slow compared with operating point. The system has to be designed in order to be the carrier frequency. The problem of developing an stable for the maximum loop gain and a poor dynamic automatic gain control having simultaneously high dynamic behavior is obtained for low gain operating points. The effect response‘and wide control range is analyzed in this work. An of the gain control law on the loop gain variation range is ideal gain control law, having the property that the total loop analyzed in the next section. gain remains constant independent of the carrier amplitude, is obtained. The resulting AGC behavior is compared, by It. GAINCONTROL LAW computer simulations, with a linear multiplier AGC. The ideal gain control law can be approximated by using a The output of the variable gain amplifier is given by: transconductanceamplifier.
    [Show full text]
  • Automatic Gain Control and Multi-Style Training for Robust Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting with Deep Neural Networks
    AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL AND MULTI-STYLE TRAINING FOR ROBUST SMALL-FOOTPRINT KEYWORD SPOTTING WITH DEEP NEURAL NETWORKS Rohit Prabhavalkar1, Raziel Alvarez1, Carolina Parada1, Preetum Nakkiran2∗, Tara N. Sainath1 1Google Inc., Mountain View, USA; 2University of California, Berkeley, Department of EECS, USA fprabhavalkar, raziel, carolinap, [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT We explore techniques to improve the robustness of small-footprint keyword spotting models based on deep neural networks (DNNs) in the presence of background noise and in far-field conditions. We find that system performance can be improved significantly, with rel- ative improvements up to 75% in far-field conditions, by employing a combination of multi-style training and a proposed novel formula- tion of automatic gain control (AGC) that estimates the levels of both Fig. 1: Block diagram of DNN-based KWS system proposed in [2]. speech and background noise. Further, we find that these techniques allow us to achieve competitive performance, even when applied to method was shown to significantly outperform a baseline keyword- DNNs with an order of magnitude fewer parameters than our base- filler system. This system is appealing for our task because it can line. be implemented very efficiently to run in real-time on devices, and Index Terms— keyword spotting, automatic gain control, memory and power consumption can be easily adjusted by chang- multi-style training, small-footprint models ing the number of parameters in the DNN. Although the proposed system works extremely well in clean conditions, performance de- grades significantly when speech is corrupted by noise, or when the 1. INTRODUCTION distance between the speaker and the microphone increases (i.e., in far-field conditions).
    [Show full text]
  • Application of AGC Technology in Software Radio
    International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls Volume 03, No.04, 2018 Application of AGC Technology in Software Radio Wu Hejing East University of Heilongjiang 150086 e-mail: [email protected] Abstract—The characteristics of software radio are flexibility, (2) openness. Software radio adopts a standardized and openness, scalability. The hardware platform of software radio modular structure. Its hardware can be updated or expanded should be a general platform. This paper discusses automatic with the development of devices and technologies. gain control(AGC) technology in software radio receiver and (3) scalability. Software radio can be upgraded by introduces an AGC algorithm applicable for DSP implement. loading new software. This algorithm is tested in matlab and simulation results are III. ARCHITECTURE OF SOFTWARE RADIO provided. Software radio architecture is the concrete design Keywords-Software Radio; Characteristics; AGC; Matlab structure torealize the concept of software radio. It includes hardware, software and interface protocol. The design I. INTRODUCTION content must take into account the current situation and At present, software radio technology is widely used in long-term development of wireless communication wireless communication, its basic idea is to use hardware as technology. Really unifies each standard. The structure of the basic platform of wireless communication. The A/D ideal software radio is mainly composed of antenna, RF front sampling data of signals are processed by various algorithms, end, broadband A/D-D/A soft converter, General and special and various communication functions are realized by means digital signal processors and various software components. of software. This paper discusses the automatic gain control The antenna of software radio generally covers a wide (AGC) algorithm in software radio.
    [Show full text]
  • Stri-C 9, His Attorney
    April 24, 1956 R. L. SNK 2,743,355 AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL CIRCUITS FOR PULSE RECEIVERS Filed April 21, 1948 2. Sheets-Sheet lb :-------? la 2. Fiidb. stri-cR -- 9, 2 PUSE TRANSMER PostON COntrol SYNChroniz NG CRCUS ANDrACKNG RANGE - circuits FS GATED video DYNERECEIVER FUSE h Anof1 r 7 NdICAOR CATHODe CONTRO rAY CRCU NOICATOr 76 VOAGEoutput 67 Error SGNAul OUT put InVentor : hrobert L. Simk, His attorney. April 24, 1956 R, L, SINK 2,743,355 AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL CIRCUITS FOR PULSE RECEIVERS Filed April 21, 1948 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 CYCLE OF 8Ob Fig3A.-- is 3. u CYCLE kD 79 OF 8Oc d - 2 O an -63a - -- - - -<1. 83b a Fe3C, "Ali. f N / N N M M Pyte N M N / O Fig3D." s al : r Sa er O N1 --> In Wentor: hrobert L. Sink, His attorney. 2,743,355 United States Patent Office Patented Apr. 24, 1956 and also to the appended claims in which the features 2,743,355 pointedof the inventionout. believed to be novel are particularly In the drawings: AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL CIRCUITS FOR Fig. 1 is a simplified block diagram of automatic radar PULSE RECEIVERS tracking system in which my invention is suitably em Robert L. Sink, Altadena, Calif., assignor to General Elec bodied; tric Company, a corporation of New York Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an automatic gain control and error signal system which may be em Application April 21, 1948, Serial No. 22,421 0. ployed in the radar system of Fig. 1; 6 Claims. (C.
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory Exercise #7
    ECEN4002/5002 Digital Signal Processing Laboratory Spring 2002 Laboratory Exercise #7 Nonlinear and Adaptive Processing Introduction An important area of real time DSP involves nonlinear and adaptive algorithms. Nonlinear systems include modulation/demodulation in communications, automatic gain control, noise and interference suppression, and various types of pulse forming and wave shaping schemes. In this experiment you will investigate a few processing tasks with data-dependent behavior, and systems in which signals are multiplied together. While for linear systems we have a great deal of analytical muscle in the form of transforms and decompositions based on the superposition property, for nonlinear systems we often must use “linearizing” assumptions like small signal models and perturbation analysis. Dynamic Range Compression There are a variety of situations in which it is desirable to modify the level of a signal using some sort of automatic adjustment. For example, we may have a detection algorithm that works best if its input signal is maintained at a relatively constant amplitude even if the signal itself varies greatly with time. Another example is compensation for channel characteristics. We may find that the dynamic range of a signal is too great to fit within the dynamic range of a channel due to the presence of low-level noise or high-level distortion. In this case we would like to adjust automatically the level of the input signal so that it stays within the allowable dynamic range. This sort of automatic level adjustment is known as an automatic gain control (AGC), a dynamic range compressor/expander, or as a signal limiter.
    [Show full text]
  • A New AM Demodulation Scheme with a Blind Carrier Recovery Method
    Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2015 Vol II, IMECS 2015, March 18 - 20, 2015, Hong Kong A New AM Demodulation Scheme with a Blind Carrier Recovery Method S. Sukkharak, K. Jeerasuda, and W. Paramote period of a baseband signal (1 fcmRC 1 f ) . In Abstract—In this paper, the proposed large carrier AM addition, the Costas loop [1] is one of the powerful demodulation scheme implemented based on the proposed demodulation techniques because of its ability to sinusoidal automatic gain control scheme (SAGC) is presented. A Multiplier, a LPF and 2 sets of SAGC are combined to demodulate AM, FM and PSK signals without the need for accomplish the new AM demodulation scheme. The prominent mode switching. Still its carrier recovery method relies on benefit of the proposed AM demodulation scheme is having the the knowledge of the modulated frequency and a false the blind carrier recovery method. For any ranges of the carrier lock phenomenon [6-7] relies on accumulated delay in the frequencies and wide range of the modulation indexes, the long loop. According to these conditions, the large carrier proposed AM demodulation scheme has the ability to recover AM demodulation scheme with a non-data aided carrier the baseband signal. With a very simple mathematical analysis, the proposed SAGC provides unity magnitude and 90-shifted recovery method is proposed. It is based on a new phase output for all input’s frequency components. By using sinusoidal automatic gain control scheme (SAGC) which is the computer simulation, the proposed SAGC and AM also proposed in this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • ON Semiconductor Is
    ON Semiconductor Is Now To learn more about onsemi™, please visit our website at www.onsemi.com onsemi and and other names, marks, and brands are registered and/or common law trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC dba “onsemi” or its affiliates and/or subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. onsemi owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of onsemi product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent-Marking.pdf. onsemi reserves the right to make changes at any time to any products or information herein, without notice. The information herein is provided “as-is” and onsemi makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the accuracy of the information, product features, availability, functionality, or suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does onsemi assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. Buyer is responsible for its products and applications using onsemi products, including compliance with all laws, regulations and safety requirements or standards, regardless of any support or applications information provided by onsemi. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in onsemi data sheets and/ or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. onsemi does not convey any license under any of its intellectual property rights nor the rights of others.
    [Show full text]
  • Automatic Gain Control (AGC) As an Interference Assessment Tool Frédéric Bastide, Dennis Akos, Christophe Macabiau, Benoit Roturier
    Automatic gain control (AGC) as an interference assessment tool Frédéric Bastide, Dennis Akos, Christophe Macabiau, Benoit Roturier To cite this version: Frédéric Bastide, Dennis Akos, Christophe Macabiau, Benoit Roturier. Automatic gain control (AGC) as an interference assessment tool. ION GPS/GNSS 2003, 16th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation, Sep 2003, Portland, United States. pp 2042 - 2053. hal-01021721 HAL Id: hal-01021721 https://hal-enac.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01021721 Submitted on 30 Oct 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Automatic Gain Control (AGC) as an Interference Assessment Tool Frederic Bastide, ENAC/STNA, France Dennis Akos, Stanford University Christophe Macabiau, ENAC, France Benoit Roturier, STNA, France BIOGRAPHIES aviation applications based on GPS/ABAS, EGNOS and Galileo. Frederic Bastide graduated as an electronics engineers at the ENAC, the French university of civil aviation, in ABSTRACT 2001, Toulouse. He is now a Ph.D student at the ENAC. His researches focus on the study of dual frequencies Automatic Gain Control (AGC) is a very important receivers for civil aviation use. Currently he is working on component in a Global Navigation Satellite System DME/TACAN signals impact on GNSS receivers.
    [Show full text]