DOCSLIB.ORG

Source of Funds Description 0000 Default

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Source of Funds Description 0000 Default Birmingham City Schools FY 2018 Cost Centers Source of Funds Description 0000 Default CCTR Value 0010 AVONDALE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0040 BARRETT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0045 BUSH HIILLS ACADEMY 0050 BROWN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0070 BUSH K-8 SCHOOL 0080 CALLOWAY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0095 CARVER HIGH SCHOOL 0100 CENTER STREET MIDDLE SCHOOL 0110 CENTRAL PARK ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0130 CHRISTIAN ALT. K-8 SCHOOL 0150 COUNCILL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0180 DUPUY ALTERNATIVE SCHOOL 0210 ENSLEY HIGH SCHOOL 0212 E.P.I.C. ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0215 EUREKA KINDERGARTEN 0232 FAMILY COURT SCHOOL 0245 GASTON K-8 SCHOOL 0250 OLIVER ELEMENTARY 0260 GIBSON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0270 GLEN IRIS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0320 GREEN ACRES MIDDLE SCHOOL 0331 HAYES K-8 SCHOOL 0340 HEMPHILL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0350 HILL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0370 HUDSON K-8 SCHOOL 0380 HUFFMAN MIDDLE SCHOOL 0390 HUFFMAN HIGH SCHOOL 0395 HUFFMAN ACADEMY 0400 INGLENOOK K-8 SCHOOL 0410 JACKSON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0415 JACKSON-OLIN HIGH SCHOOL 0450 KINGSTON K-8 SCHOOL 0490 LEWIS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0500 LINCOLN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0505 MARTHA GASKINS ELEMENTARY 0550 MINOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0580 NORTH B BHAM ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0585 KIRBY MIDDLE SCHOOL 0590 NO. ROEBUCK ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0610 NORWOOD ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0625 OXMOOR ELEMENTARY 0630 PARKER HIGH SCHOOL 0651 PHILLIPS ACADEMY K-8 0690 PRICE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0700 PRINCETON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0710 PUTNAM MIDDLE SCHOOL 0720 RAMSAY ALTERNATIVE HIGH SCHOOL 0730 RIGGINS OPPORTUNITY ACADEMY 0735 OSSIE WARE MITCHELL MIDDLE 0750 ROBINSON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0775 SUN VALLEY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0790 SMITH MIDDLE SCHOOL 0795 SOUTH HAMPTON K-8 0802 ARRINGTON MIDDLE SCHOOL 0816 KENNEDY ALTERNATIVE SCHOOL 0830 TUGGLE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 0850 WASHINGTON K-8 SCHOOL 0857 JONES VALLEY MIDDLE SCHOOL 0858 WENONAH HIGH SCHOOL 0880 WEST END ACADEMY 0890 WHATLEY K-8 SCHOOL 0900 WILKERSON MIDDLE SCHOOL 0920 WOODLAWN HIGH SCHOOL 0930 WYLAM K-8 SCHOOL 1110 SUMMER SCHOOL CENTRAL PARK 7001 EASTERN AREA CROSSING GUARDS 7002 WESTERN AREA CROSSING GUARDS 8100 INSTRUCTION POOLED COST CENTER 8102 INSTRUCTIONAL BROADCAST SERV. 8103 ATHLETIC DEPARTMENT 8105 DUPUY ALTERNATIVE PROGRAM 8107 CAREER ACADEMIES 8108 GEAR-UP GRANT 8110 CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION 8200 OPERATIONS CENTER-WELLS FARGO 8208 PHYS. BLDG. SECURITY & SAFETY 8209 PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT 8210 AMERI CORPS. 8211 CHILD HEALTH 8212 SPECIAL EDUCATION 8216 GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 8217 COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT 8218 SCHOOL STUDENT SUCCESS 8220 INSTRUCTION 8221 ROTC/ARMY INSTRUCTION 8222 SCHOOL ZONE 1 8223 FEDERAL PROGRAMS ADMIN. 8224 FINE ARTS-ADMINISTRATION BLDG. 8226 PROFESSIONAL DEV./GRANTS 8227 ADVANCED ACADEMICS 8228 DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE 8229 DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS 8230 REGISTRATION 8233 SCHOOL ZONE 2 8234 DROPOUT RECOVERY PROGRAM 8235 SCHOOL ZONE 3 8236 SUPPORT SERVICES 8238 TESTING SERVICES 8239 SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL LEARNING 8240 NETWORK ADMINISTRATION 8241 COMPUTER TECHNICIAN 8243 EDUCATOR EFFECTIVENESS 8244 CURRICULUM & INSTRUCTION DEPT 8245 SCHOOL ZONE 4 8248 FOREIGN LANGUAGE 8249 EARLY LEARNING 8250 INFORMATION SERVICES 8251 LEARNING NETWORK 1 8252 LEARNING NETWORK 2 8253 LEARNING NETWORK 3 8254 LEARNING NETWORK 4 8299 TEXTBOOKS/LIBRARY MEDIA 8301 B HM BD OF ED. - MAINTENANCE 8305 RICKWOOD 8306 SOUTH EAST LAKE BUILDING 8310 SCH. SECURITY & PATROL SERVICE 8311 CARPENTRY/PAINTING 8312 ELECTRICAL 8313 GENERAL MAINTENANCE 8314 GROUNDS 8315 HVAC 8316 PLUMBING 8320 OPERATION POOLED 8410 TRANSPORTATION 8420 CHILD NUTRITION 8504 504 DEPARTMENT 8600 CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION 8605 ASSESSMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY 8610 STRATEGY AND INNOVATION 8620 SUPERINTENDENT 8621 BOARD MEMBERS 8622 In-house Attorney 8630 FINANCE-PAYROLL DEPARTMENT 8631 FINANCE-ACCOUNTS PAYABLE DEPT 8632 OPERATING OFFICER 8633 FINANCE-PURCHASING DEPARTMENT 8634 CHIEF OF STAFF 8635 FACILITY ASSESSMENT-OPERATIONS 8636 FINANCE DEPT-COMPTROLLER 8637 FINANCE DEPT-CSFO OFFICE 8640 HUMAN RESOURCES 8650 EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE 8690 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SERVICE 8691 INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY ADMIN. 8694 STUDENT INFORMATION SERVICES 8697 SOCIAL WORK 9200 DEBT SERVICE 9401 ALABAMA CLINICAL SCHOOL 9402 ALABAMA WALDORF SCHOOL 9403 CALVARY RESURRECTION CHRISTIAN 9404 CORNERSTONE SCHOOLS OF ALABAMA 9405 EPHESUS ACADEMY 9406 GLENWOOD/ ALLAN COTT 9407 HIGDON HILL 9408 HOLY FAMILY CATHOLIC ACADEMY 9409 HOLY FAMILY CRISTO REY 9410 JOHN CARROLL CATHOLIC HIGH SCH 9411 MCELWAIN CHRISTIAN ACADEMY 9412 NEW HOPE CHRISTIAN SCHOOL 9413 NORTHSIDE CHRISTIAN SCHOOL 9414 ST. BARNABAS CATHOLIC SCHOOL 9415 ST. FRANCIS XAVIER SCHOOL 9416 ST. ROSE ACADEMY 9417 WINEWOOD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL 9418 GUNN ACADEMY 9500 COMMUNITY SCHOOL ADMIN. 9504 PARKER COMMUNITY SCHOOL-ZONE 1 9604 FAMILY INVOLVEMENT PROGRAM 9700 MISCELLANEOUS BUDGETS 9803 SUBSTITUTE 9850 LOCAL TEACHER ASSGN TO SDE.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 Steven H. Hobbs1 I Plucked My
    INTRODUCTION ALABAMA’S MIRROR: THE PEOPLE’S CRUSADE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS Steven H. Hobbs1 I plucked my soul out of its secret place, And held it to the mirror of my eye To see it like a star against the sky, A twitching body quivering in space, A spark of passion shining on my face. from I Know by Soul, by Claude McKay2 On April 4, 2014, The University of Alabama School of Law hosted a symposium on the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The papers presented at that symposium are included in this issue of the Alabama Civil Rights & Civil Liberties Law Review. The symposium was an opportunity to reflect on the reasons and history behind the Act, its implementation to make real the promises of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, and the continuing urgency to make the principles of the Act a reality. We, in essence, plucked out the soul of our constitutional democracy’s guarantee of equality under the law and held it up for self-reflection. In introducing the symposium, I note the description that appeared in the program stating the hope for the event: This symposium is a commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The passage of the Act marked the beginning of a new era of American public life. At the time it was enacted, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was perceived by many to be the codified culmination of decades of 1 Tom Bevill Chairholder of Law, University of Alabama School of Law.
    [Show full text]
  • “Stony the Road We Trod . . .” Exploring Alabama’S Civil Rights Legacy, Teacher Institute
    Dear Colleague Letter: “Stony the Road We Trod . .” Exploring Alabama’s Civil Rights Legacy, Teacher Institute July 11- 31, 2021 Alabama Humanities Foundation Dr. Martha Bouyer, Project Developer and Director Mrs. Laura Anderson, Project Administrator Mrs. Evelyn Davis, Administrative Assistant 205-558-3980 [email protected] DISCLAIMER: “THE STONY . .” INSTITUTE WILL BE OFFERED AS A RESIDENTIAL PROGRAM BARRING TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS RELATED TO THE SPREAD OF COVID19. “Stony the Road We Trod . .” Exploring Alabama’s Civil Rights Legacy National Teacher Institute Presented By: Alabama Humanities Foundation Dr. Martha V. Bouyer, Project Director Table of Contents Dear Colleague Letter...................................................................................................................1 Overview of the Institute Activities and Assignments ..............................................................4 Host City - Birmingham ............................................................................................................... 4 The Civil Rights Years.................................................................................................................. 5 “It Began at Bethel” ...................................................................................................................... 5 Selma and Montgomery Alabama ............................................................................................... 7 Tuskegee Alabama .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • “Stony the Road We Trod . . .” Exploring Alabama's Civil Rights
    Dear Colleague Letter: “Stony the Road We Trod . .” Exploring Alabama’s Civil Rights Legacy, Teacher Institute July 11- 31, 2021 Alabama Humanities Foundation Dr. Martha Bouyer, Project Developer and Director Mrs. Laura Anderson, Project Administrator Mrs. Evelyn Davis, Administrative Assistant 205-558-3980 [email protected] DISCLAIMER: “THE STONY . .” INSTITUTE WILL BE OFFERED AS A RESIDENTIAL PROGRAM BARRING TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS RELATED TO COVID19. “Stony the Road We Trod . .” Exploring Alabama’s Civil Rights Legacy National Teacher Institute Presented By: Alabama Humanities Foundation Dr. Martha V. Bouyer, Project Director Table of Contents Dear Colleague Letter...................................................................................................................1 Overview of the Institute Activities and Assignments ..............................................................4 Host City - Birmingham ............................................................................................................... 4 The Civil Rights Years.................................................................................................................. 5 “It Began at Bethel” ...................................................................................................................... 5 Selma and Montgomery Alabama ............................................................................................... 7 Tuskegee Alabama .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • In the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama Southern Division
    Case 2:08-cv-00031-WMA Document 59 Filed 12/17/09 Page 1 of 42 FILED 2009 Dec-17 PM 02:34 U.S. DISTRICT COURT N.D. OF ALABAMA IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA SOUTHERN DIVISION BILLY CULVER, } } Plaintiff, } } CIVIL ACTION NO. v. } 08-AR-0031-S } BIRMINGHAM BOARD OF } EDUCATION, et al., } } Defendants. } MEMORANDUM OPINION Plaintiff, Billy Culver (“Culver”), instituted the above- entitled action against the Birmingham Board of Education (“BBOE”), Odessa Ashley (“Ashley”), Carolyn Cobb (“Cobb”), Mike Higginbotham (“Higginbotham”), Willie James Maye (“Maye”), Dannetta Owens (“Owens”), Virginia Volker (“Volker”), April Williams (“Williams”), and Phyllis Wyne (“Wyne”) in their individual and official capacities as members of the Birmingham Board of Education, as well as against Stan L. Mims (“Mims”) and Wayman Shiver (“Shiver”) in their individual and official capacities as former Superintendents of the Birmingham City Schools system (collectively “defendants”). Both former superintendents and a majority of the BBOE members are black. Culver, who is white, alleges that he was the subject of racial discrimination in defendants’ decisions not to hire, transfer, or promote him to numerous positions for which he applied, in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e et seq., and in violation of 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981 Case 2:08-cv-00031-WMA Document 59 Filed 12/17/09 Page 2 of 42 and 1983. Culver also claims that he was retaliated against by defendants, in violation of both Title VII and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (the Patsy T.
    [Show full text]
  • Attempts at Desegregation and to Describe the Processvhat Led to Their Effedtiveness And/Or Success
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 117 275 95 UD 015 679 AUTHOR Bynum; Effie; And Others TITLE Desegregation in Birmingham, Alabama: A Case Study. _INSTITUTION Columbia Univ., New York, N.Y. 7eaChers College. SPONS AGENCY National Inst. of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 74 NE-G-00-3-0156 NOTE 188p. EDRS 'PRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$9.51 PluS Postage kip "DESCRIPTORS Administrator Attitudes; *Case Studies; Community Attitudes; *Field Interviews; Integration Effects; *Integration Studies; Observation; Parent Attitudes; Radial Integration; Research Methodology; *School Integration; School Visitation; Student Attitudes; Teacher Attitudes .IDENTIFIERS *Alabama (Birminghai) ABSTRACT In May, 1974, a five member study team from Teachers College,' Columbia University spent four and one-half days in Birmirigham, Alabama, for the purpose of (1) collecting information that describes the desegregation process as it evolved,. (2) interviewing principals, administrators, teachers, students and community leaders relative to their impressions of the desegregation move and its impact, and(3) observing random classrooms, hallways, cafetettias, and playgrounds of 12 selected schools. Birmingham City . School District was selected to participate in this study because it was identifie from a collection of resource data as a district that developed and/mplemented a conflict;free (the current plan) and -effective plan. The/major, purpose of the overall project was to -identify districts that have been effective and successful in their attempts at desegregation and to describe the processVhat led to their effedtiveness and/or success. The Birmingham sam included schools (1) with an almost equal distribution of black and white students,(2) those having both a 60 percent black and white population,,(3) those having almost an 80 percent black and white enrollment, and,(4) those that had all black students and several having an almost all white student body.
    [Show full text]
  • Education and Workforce Committee 2018 Mayoral Transition Report
    Education and Workforce Committee 2018 Mayoral Transition Report 2018 Mayoral Transition Report Education and Workforce Committee I. Scope of Review Education and Workforce Development constitutes the core means by which we prepare our children to succeed in life. One cannot exist without the other. A high quality education is essential in preparing students to graduate from high school or college, ready to enter the workforce and support an even higher quality of life. An intense and collaborative focus of workforce needs, generated from employers and the general marketplace, are required in order for students to understand where their brightest future may lie. The two efforts, however, must work closely together in order to provide our children the greatest hope and opportunity for success. The Education and Workforce Committee (EWC) has examined both education and workforce development in Birmingham and the region surrounding it. The Committee has focused on how the Mayor’s Office can provide constructive support to both Education and Workforce Development efforts. It has become clear that the City is in need of cooperation, support, and most of all, leadership. While there is no lack of workforce programming among regional agency and community partners, the EWC sees a lack of cohesion among their various efforts and targeted goals. With that said, Birmingham would thrive from a city-led workforce development program to be facilitated from the Mayor’s Office, with dedicated personnel and resources that offers cross-system collaborations with city and state government, non-profit organizations, education entities, and the business community. Building on successes such as Innovate Birmingham, the Mayor’s office should expand public/private partnerships to accomplish the recommendations and goals in this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Lost in Litigation: Untold Stories of a Title Ix Lawsuit
    LOST IN LITIGATION: UNTOLD STORIES OF A TITLE IX LAWSUIT DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Kylee Jo Short, M.A. Graduate Program in Education The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Sarah K. Fields, Advisor Dr. Melvin Adelman Dr. Brian Turner Copyrighted by Kylee Jo Short 2012 Abstract Girls and women in the United States are more active participants of sport than ever before. Many attribute this dramatic increase to the impact of Title IX, the legislation that requires gender equity in educational settings. However, Title IX is proving just to be the first step, as it does not address all of the issues. Namely, application of the law skips over the fact that poor women of color are ultimately left out of the equation. Women and girls of color are not “winning” the Title IX game like white women and girls. On the contrary, the application of Title IX ignores poor, black females. The purpose of this project is to fill the void left by ignoring poor girls of color by considering the voices that are often lost in Title IX fights. In considering the most recent lawsuit to reach the Supreme Court, Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education, I explore the impact of this Title IX lawsuit on the Birmingham community. Through interviews with several involved in this lawsuit—Coach Jackson, three of his former players, a parent, a student, and an athletic administrator—I provide several angles on how Title IX played out at the local level.
    [Show full text]
  • Finding Aid to the Historymakers ® Video Oral History with James Roberson
    Finding Aid to The HistoryMakers ® Video Oral History with James Roberson Overview of the Collection Repository: The HistoryMakers®1900 S. Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60616 [email protected] www.thehistorymakers.com Creator: Roberson, James, 1943- Title: The HistoryMakers® Video Oral History Interview with James Roberson, Dates: March 21, 2007 Bulk Dates: 2007 Physical 6 Betacame SP videocasettes (2:34:35). Description: Abstract: Auto sales entrepreneur and high school administrator James Roberson (1943 - ) served as an educator and administrator for the Alabama Board of Education. He then became the first African American with a Pontiac car dealership. Roberson then became owner of USA Auto and Budget Truck Rental Store in 2000 until his retirement in 2003. Roberson was interviewed by The HistoryMakers® on March 21, 2007, in Birmingham, Alabama. This collection is comprised of the original video footage of the interview. Identification: A2007_104 Language: The interview and records are in English. Biographical Note by The HistoryMakers® James Earnest Roberson was born on June 14, 1943 to Aressa and Mack E. Roberson in Birmingham, Alabama. Roberson’s parents were activists and involved in the Civil Rights Movement. Roberson lived across the street from Bethel Baptist Church, home to Reverend Fred L. Shuttlesworth, that was twice- bombed by the Ku Klux Klan. Roberson attended A.H. Parker High School where he graduated with an advance academic honors diploma in 1960. He received his B.A. degree in secondary education from Alabama A&M University in 1964; his M.A. degree in educational leadership in 1986 from University of Alabama; and his J.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Beginning in 1959
    The History of the Speech and Hearing Association of Alabama 1959-2003 Compiled by Dr. Loretta G. Brown Table of Contents About this History ........................................................................................................................1 The Beginning .............................................................................................................................2 Charter Members ........................................................................................................................3 Presidents ...................................................................................................................................4 Dr. J. Buckminster Ranney ............................................................................................4 Dr. William P. Dorne’......................................................................................................6 Dr. Thomas G. Giolas ....................................................................................................8 Miss Vivian I Roe .........................................................................................................10 Mrs. Louise Ward.........................................................................................................14 Dr. Robert E. Roach.....................................................................................................16 Dr. Elizabeth Webster ..................................................................................................18 Dr. David
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2013
    2013$118$/5(3257 ANNUAL REPORT Library Board, Staff Supporters, Partners Library Trustees Birmingham Public Library Young Professionals Gwendolyn R. Amamoo, President Leah Bigbee Georgia Morgan Blair, Vice-President Sonya Boatwright The Honorable Judge Scott Vowell, Parliamentarian Ernest Burnley Dr. Monique Gardner-Witherspoon Fatima Carter Patty A. Pilkerton Ellen Chandler Kimberly Richardson Jonathan Coleman Samuel A. Rumore, Jr. Yawntreshia Coleman Dora Sims Tiffeny Curier Katrina Watson William Dahlberg Gwendolyn B. Guster Welch Sheetal Desai Rikesha Foster Kay Garner Library Administration Brent Godwin Irene S. Blalock, Library Director Steven Hallmark Angela Fisher Hall, Associate Library Director Jeniese Hosey Natasha Ivory Maree Jones Birmingham Public Library Foundation Theresa Jones James H. White, III, President Rashada LeRoy David Herring, Vice-President Laura Lieb John Coleman Blair Liggins Liesel French Deidra Mayes Sol Kimerling Sabrina Mays Tony Smoke Clair McLafferty Renee Blalock, Library Director Cassandra McLendon Regina Ammon, Friends President Charlotte McLendon Gwendolyn R. Amamoo, Board President Tevis Owens James Sullivan, YP President Eryka Perry Meredith Ryan Cassandra Spencer Friends of the Birmingham Public Library Kristy Stewart Regina Ammon, President Brandan Stuckey Cheryl Burgess, Secretary James Sullivan, President Michelle Horn Brown Erin Welch Courtney Pigford Carla Jean Whitley KP Targe Adrian Zebot Dafina Ward 1 Remembering a Movement That Changed the World: Birmingham Public Libraries Reflect and Celebrate 50 Years Forward As the City of Birmingham prepared to mark fifty years since the start of its own civil rights movement, the Birmingham Public Library (BPL) looked for ways in which it could add to the celebration. Eager staff members focused on connecting annual public programs to themes promoting civil rights.
    [Show full text]
  • ED 128 546 DOCUMENT RESUME UD 016 473 AUTHOR Gordon
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 128 546 95 UD 016 473 AUTHOR Gordon, Edmund W.; And Others TITLE A Comparative Study of QualityIntegrated Education. Final Report. INSTITUTION Columbia Univ., New York, N.Y. Inst. for Urban and Minority Education. SPONS AGENCY National Inst. of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C. BUREAU NO BR-3-1495 PUB DATE Jun 76 CONTRACT NE-C-00-3-0156 NOTE 691p. EDRS PRICE MF-$1.33 HC-$36.83 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Case Studies; *Comparative Analysis; Educationally Disadvantaged; *Educational Quality; Equal Education; Integration Effects; Integration Methods; *Integration Studies; Minority Groups; Negro Education; Race Relations; Racial Factors; Racial Integration; *Racial Segregation; Research Methodology; Research Problems; School Districts; *Echool Integration; Site Analysis; SiteSelection IDENTIFIERS Alabama (Birmingham); Minnesota (Minneapolis); New Jersey (Ewing); North Carolina (Durham); North Carolina (Goldsboro); South Carolina (Orangeburg) 'ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to identify and document processes that are associatedwith effective desegregation in six seaool districts enumerated below; to examine theinterrelationships of these processes; and to identifycommonalities among the six districts which could provide guidelines formodels of effective school desegregation. The major question addressedby the study is what the major status and process variablesassociated with progress toward ethnic desegregation in the publicschools ar(!. The six case study districts are: Birmingham, Durham,Ewing, Goldsboro, Minneapolis,
    [Show full text]
  • We're Going Too!
    “We’re Going Too!” The Children of the Birmingham Civil Rights Movement DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Gisell Jeter-Bennett, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Hasan Kwame Jeffries, Advisor Lilia Fernández Judy Wu Copyright by Gisell Jeter-Bennett 2016 Abstract In 1963, the Birmingham, Alabama civil rights movement brought both national and international attention to the plight of southern African Americans. The Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR), in partnership with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), utilized nonviolent direct action – marches, sit- ins, jail-ins, and boycotts- to challenge Birmingham’s discriminatory laws and practices. The success of the Birmingham campaign was due in large part to the participation and personal sacrifice of black schoolchildren. This dissertation examines the local Birmingham movement from the perspective of its most indispensible participants, black youth. It explores what it meant to be a black child coming of age under Jim Crow. It analyzes the recruitment, participation, and impact of Birmingham black youth in the Children’s March, a weeklong protest from May 2 to May 7, 1963, during which over 2,000 children between ages six and eighteen marched through Birmingham’s streets in nonviolent protest against racial inequality. It also looks anew at the bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church on September 15, 1963, which led to the deaths of four black school-aged girls, and the subsequent killing of two black boys.
    [Show full text]