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BOHEMIA. THE STORY OF THE NATIONS.
I. ROllE. By ARTHUR GILMAN.• 2\1. TBJI: NORMANS. By SARAH M.A. ORNE JEWETT • •. TBJI: JEWS. By Prof. J. K. 30. TBJI: Bt"ZAlI'TDrB EMl'IRl!. HOSMER. BtLC. w. C. OMAN. 3. GERIIAlI'Y. By Rev. S. BARING GOULD. M.A. 31. SIt,:a:..l~~n:~~~t~~~f~~ 4. CARTHAGE. By Prof. ALFRED A. FREEMAN. 32. TBJI: . TUBOAll' lI.EPUBLIOS. 5. AtRi~~H.ER'S EMPIRl!. By By BELLA DUFFY. Prof. J. P. MAHA ..'FY. 33. POLAll'D. By W. R. MORFILL. 6. TBJI: .OORS Dr SPADI'. By M.A. STANLEY LANE-POOLE. 34. PARTHIA. By Prof. GEORGE 7. AlI'CIENT EGYPT. By Prof. RAWLINSON. GEORGE RAWLINSON. 35. AUSTRALIAN OOIlIlON- B. lIlrNGARY. By Prof. ARMINIUS WEALTlI. By GREVILLE VAMBERY. TRt:GARTHEN. 9. TBJI: SARACENS. By ARTHUR GIUIAN, M.A. ~~: ~1.~. B~yHD~V~A1·~·URRAY. 10. IlI.ELAND. By the Hon. EMILY Ph.D. LAWLESS. 38. SOlrTlI AFRICA. By GEORGB II. ClIALDEA. By ZENAIDB A. .' M.THEAL RAGOZIN. 39. VENtCB. By ALETHEA WIEL 12. TBJI: GOTlIS. By HENRY'BRAD 40. TBJI: CRlrSADES. By T. A. LEY, ARCHER and C. L. KINGSFORD. 13. ASSYRIA. By ZtNAIDB A. RA 41. VEDIO INDIA. By Z. A. RA GOZIN. GOZIN. 140 TlrRO"1. By STANLBY LANB 42. WEST INDIES and the SPANISlI POOLE. IIAIN. By JAMES RODWAY. IS. 1l0LLAll'D. By Prof. J. E. 43. BOllEIIIA. By C. EDMUND THOROLD ROGERS. MAURICE. [M.A. 16. IlEDISVAL FRAlI'CB. By 44. TBJI: BALx.urS. ByW. MILLF.R. GUSTAVE MASSON. 45. OAll'ADA. By Sir J. G. BOURI 17. PERSIA. By S. G. W. DEN- NOT. LL.D. JAMIN. • 46. BRITISlI INDIA. By R. W. lB. PlI LoNDON: T. FISHER UNWIN, PATERNOSTER SQUARE,' E.C. • • S)lALL RISG OF PRAGUE. ------'-'- BOHEMIA• FROM THE ~ARLIEST TIMES TO THE FALL OF NA.TIONAL INDEPENDENCE IN· 1620; WITH A SHORT SUMMARY OF LATER EVENTS • BY C. EDMUND MAURICE AUTHOR OF THE II REVOLUTIONS OF 1848-9 IN ITALY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, Awn GERMANY," "RlCWHARD DE LACY: A TALE OF THE LATER LOLLARDS," &C Corresponding Member of file Royal Boll"II'ian Society of Sciences • SECOND IMPRESSION 1onZ,olt T. F ISH E RUN WIN PATERNOSTER SQUARE COPYRIGHT BY T • ..<,ISHER' UNWI (For Great Bn 'w n). N, 1896 ct; . , PREFACE . • FEW countries h~ve been more strangely mis- • under!>tood by the average Englishman than Bohemia has been. The mischievous blunder of some fifteenth century Frenchman, who confused the gipsies who had just arrived in France with the nation which was just then startling Europe by its resistance to the forces of the Empire, has left a deeper mark on the imagination of most of our countrymen than the miutyrdom' of Iius or even the sufferings of- our own Princess Elizabeth. The word "Bohemian" .has passed into newspaper slang; ana jt has been so often quoted in its slang sense by people who ought to be more careful in their language, that it has really hindered the study of the real country which it misrepresents. The few who care to hear anything more of' a~ people so strangely slandered, have often been 'yet further blinded by their readiness to accept as absolute truth the prejudices of ' the German and Magyar opponents of the Bohemian national feeling. From these sources they l'l.ave derived an impression vii ( viii PREFACE. of a set bf narrow Ultramontanes, who, oddly enough, combine their religious bigotries in favour of Roman Catholicism with .I rel,iance on Russia in political affairs. These prejudices ought certainly to yield to an acquaintance with the people in their own country; A Roman Catholicism, tempered by an enthusiasm for Hus and Zizka and King George, can scarcely be a very obscurantist form of creed; and an intense feeling of national distinctness can hardly be compatible with an anxiety to be absorbed by the great North-eastern Empire, though un doubtedly it produces a stronger repulsion against , the equally denationalising force of Pan-Germanism. Perhaps a careful study of the history of a country so much misunderstood will be the best preparation for a fairer appreciation of its present difficulties. I have now to thank the many kind friends who have helped me in my work. Of these the chief helper has been Professor Mourek. During the whole of my stay at Prague I received every assistance from him which a foreigner studying in that town could possibly require i. and since I have returned to Eng land he has helr-ed me most energetically in procuring various illustrations necessary for my book. I have also to thank Count Leo Thun (the cousin of the late Governor of Bohemia) for many useful hints and introductions. I should .also thank Mr. Custos Borovsky, of the Rudolfinum, for the kindness with which he supplied me with introductions during my visits to other towns' in Bohemia and Moravia. I should also thank Professor Rezek for many useful hints, especially about the Hifficult reign of Ferdinand PREFACE. ix I. Professor Kalausek I have to thank for hints. about the e.arlier period. Professor Tomek I must tnank for allowing me to use lhe map of Prague which appears in my book. I must also thank Dr. Toman for the ute of the curious pictures of Zizka. For help in my ·work in other towns I· must thank Father Wurm, of OlmUtz (Olomouci); Mr. Palliardi, of Znaym (Znojem); Professor Brettholz, of BrUnn CBrno); the Sub-librariali of (;aslau; Professor Lem minger, of Kuttenbqg (Kutna Hora); Mr. Gross,of Krumov; Father FuCik, of Prachatice; Professor Strnad, of Pilsen (Plzen); Monsignore RodIer, of Budweis (Budej6vice); the Keeper of the Archives , at Wittingau (Trebon), and Professor Sedlacek, of Tabor. I also wish to thank Mr. Celakovsky, of the Town Archives of Prague, for the suggestion about the relation· of the early Utraquist rising to the differences between Bohemian wDrkmen and German employers (see Chap. ix. pp. 231,232). The question of when and how far to use the Bohemian names of places is one of some difficulty. My own instinct would be to use .them wherever possible. But it cannot be denied that there are cases in which the German forms are so well known to English readers, and some in which the Bohemian names seem so unpronounceable, that it would be affectation to follow the strict rules of national expression. Praha, of course, has been hopelessly Anglicized into Prague; and Olomouci, Cheb, Brno, and Plzen have been as certainly Germanized into OlmUtz, Eger, BrUnn, and Pilsen. Even in these cases I have on some occasibns added the Bohemian X· PREFACE. names in brackets. But it was so difficult to know what names of Bohemian towns are generally known in England, that I 'may' sometimes seem to have been inconsistent in my practice. Only let me assure my readers that my wish has been to Jmpress on them the distirictive character of the Bohemian language, and at the same time to secure the recognition of any places with whose names they are already familiat. o CONTENTS• • I. PAGE FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD OF BOHEMIAN HISTORY TO THE HUNGARIAN INVASION . 1-17 (-885·) Characteristics of 'Bohemian history-':Story .of Queen Libusa-Early Slavonic kingdom-The struggle \vith the Franks-Resistance to Frankish" conversions "-Boris of Bulgaria and Methodius-The Cyrillic language-Cyril and Methodius in Moravia-Career of Svatopluk-Re newed struggle with the Franks-Conversion of Borivoj -The Slavonic ritual-Opposition of Svatopluk and his courtiers to Methodius-The appeal to the Pope-The "Pilatici "-Approval of the ritual by JQhn VIII.-Wich ing's fraud-Svatopluk and Arnulf-EXopulsion of the Methodian Christians from Moravia-Death of Svatopluk Mojmir and the Slavonic ritual-The Hungarian invasion. II. BOHEMIAN SAINTS AND WARRIORS IN THE TENTH CENTURY 18-32 (885-997·) Bohemian feeling about the saintly and the military character'-:Svatopluk's stru~gle and fall-Separation of xi xij CONTENTS. PAGB Bohemia from Moravia-Reigns of Borivoj and Vratislav -The heathen reaction under Drahomira-Life,death, and character of St. Wenl.:eslaus-Reign of Boleslav the Cruel -Rise of the Vrsovici-Boleslav the Pious-Life and death of St. Adalbert. III. RELATIONS OF BOHEMIA TO POLAND AND TO THE EMPIRE IN THE ELEVENTH, TWELFTH, AND THIRTEENTH CENTURIES 33-66 (997-1253.) ( Effect of the Hungarian invasions on the position of Bohemia-The struggles between Bohemia and Poland- . Romantic stories of ·Oldfich and Bracislav-Revival of the Slavonic ritual-Bracislav's victories in Poland-The scene in the Church at Gnesen-Invasion of Bohemia by Henry III.-The Premyslovci made hereditary Dukes Spitihnev's anti-German policy-Election and policy of Vratislav-The family opposition and its results-Relations with Henry IV.~The first Bohemian king-Relations with the Hohenstauffen-Vladislav's policy and the opposition of the nobles-Frederick Barbarossa-The second King of Bohemia-Bohemians in Italy-Summary of Vladislav's reign-New disorders-Election of Premysl-Divisions in the Empire and their effect on the Bohemian position- . Contests of King and Priest-Breach between Bohemia and the Empin:-Conquest of Austria by Bohemia Accession of clttakar II. IV. THE GROWTH OF BOHEMIAN LIFE FROM ACCES SION OF P~EMYSL OTTAKAR I. TO DEATH OF P*EMYSL OTTAKAR II. 67-106 (II98-1278.) Relative importance of Constitutional questions in different histories and at different pcrriods-Causes of decline of CONTENTS. xiii • . • . PAGE early BohemIan hberhes-Policy of Pi'emysl Otlakar 1.- The German settlement in Poric-Extension of its privi leges to other towns-Special posruon of Moravia-The town-rights of Briinn-The Mongol invasion-Collapse of' Europe-Pope and Emperor-King Wenceslaus I.-First check of the ¥ongols-Impulse. given by these events to the movement for municipal liberty-Towns as a check on the nobles-Power of the jury-Effect of this movement on trade-On political capacity-Pi'emysl Ottakar H.-His relations to nobles and clergy-Difficulties between towns and monasteries-Otlakar's policy in that respect-His foreign policy-Circumstances of the annexation of Austria to Bohemia-The Droarriage with Margaret-Relations of Ottakar to Vienna-The struggle in and conquest of Styria -Story of conquest of Carinthia and Carniola-Ottakar's tyranny in Styria-Ottakar's relations with Hungary- . Anarchy in the Empire-Refusal of Imperial Crown by Otlakar-Long discussions and divisions among the Electors -Circumstances of .the election of Rudolf of liapsburg Ottakar's protest-Pope Gregory X. and Bruno of Olmiitz -The Council of Lyons-Rudolf's claims on Ottakar's conquests-The first war between Ottakar and Rudolf Surrender of the conquered lands to Rudolf-Differences about the terms of peace:--Rudolf's difficulties between towns and archbishops-Falling off of Rudolf's supporters -The conspiracy in Vienna and its suppression-The final war-Battle of the Marchfeld and death of Otlakar Estimate of the work of Pi'emyslovci-Causes of Otlakar's fall. ' • • V. TIME OF ANARCHY IN BOHEMIA FROM DEATH OF OTTAKAR II. TO ACCESSION OF CHARLES IV. 107-129 (i: 2 78- 1346.) Rudolfs moderation as a conqueror-Impossibility of his policy-Kunigunda and Otto of Brandenburg-Trea~hery and tyranny of Otto and his followers-The famme Return of King Wenceslaus H.-Zavill of Falkenstein Marriage of Wenceslaus--..Intrigues and deatb of Zavi~ xiv CONTENTS. PAGE -Policy of Wenceslaus-Death of Rudolf and new divisions in the Empire-Albert's concessions and election -Relations of Wencl!slaus to Hungary-Death of Wen ceslaus II., and accession and murder of Wenceslaus 111. -Struggles between Rudolf of Hapsburg and Henry of Carinthia for Bohemia-Election of Henryof Luxemburg as Emperor-Election of John as King of Bohemia-His prospects and promises-The Archbishop of Mainz-Henry of Lipa-The towns and the nobles-Audacity of Henry of Lipa-Return of John-Civil war in Bohemia-Practical victory of Henry-His intrigues against Elizabeth-John and the citiz~ns of- Prague-Difficulties of Elizabeth Prosecution of Bishop John-Cruelty 6f John-Charles as Governor of Bohemia-Intrigues of nobles against him Resistance of. Charles to John-Friendliness of Pope Clement to John and Charles-The Slavonic ritual Election of Charles as Emperor-Battle of Crecy and death of John. VI· REIGN OF CHARLES IV. 130-153 Difficulties of explaining Charles's career by his" antecedents -Influences of his Paris experientes on him-Earlier attempts at .. h~er education" in Bohemia-Charles's aims in founding bis University-His plans~The .. Four Nations "-Immediate effects of the foundation-The New Town of Prague-Jo'oundation of Carlstein-The Majestas Carolina-Reasons for its withdrawal-Its merits and defects-Abolition of the fire and water tests-Appeal granted to the Serfs-Connection· of .. Charles I." of Bohemia with" Charles IV." of Germany-The Golden Bull-Resistance to the Emperor, and his way of meeting it-Concession to the House of Hapsburg-Relations of Charles with young Louis of Bavaria, in the Tyrol, in Brandenburg-His relations with Italy, Rienzi, Petrarch Attempt to make the j}erman f.mpire hereditary. CONTENTS. xv VII~ PAGE THE REFORM MOVEMENT FROM THE DIET OF 1359 TO THE RETIREMENT 0"1 THE GER- MANS FROM THE PRAGUE UNIVERSITY 154~187 • (1359-14°9.) Movements of thought in the thirteenth century-Uncer tainty in their direction-The" Beghards" or "Pikards " Position of Charles in relation to religious reform-'-The Diet of I35<)-Charles's ideas of reform-Conrad Wald hauser-The Bohemian language question-Milic of Kromeriz-Thomas of !§titny-Growth of Bohemian litera ture, and < opposition ~f the "Masters" to it-Death of Charles-Accession and character of Wenceslaus IV. His relations with the Pope-His quarrels with the clergy -Archbishop Jenstein's opposition-Death of John of Nepomuc anq its consequences-Wenceslaus's relations with the nobles-Power and policy of the Rosenbergs Imprisonment of Wenceslaus by the nobles-John and Siglsmund-Violence of Wenceslaus-Opposition of the Electors to him-His deposition in 1400 from the Empire -Sigismund's policy in Prague-The second imprison ment of Wenceslaus and his escape-Matthias of Janov Founding of the Bethlehem Chapel-Early career of Jan Hus-Relations of the English and Bohemian Refonna tions to each other-The Prague University proposals of 1403 against Wyclif-Attitude of Hus towards Wyclif Unique theological position of Hus-Zbynek and Hus Wenceslaus and the Council of Pisa-At!1tude of rival parties-The votes of the" Nations "-Hesitatitms and final decision of Wenceslaus-The German resistance to the decree-The two sides of the question-Retirement of the Germans from Prague. VIII. FROM THE RETIREMENT OF THE GERMANS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF PRAGUE TO THE DEATH OF Hus 188-220 (1409-1415.) Injustices of Hus's opponents tn reference to the voting xvi CONTENTS. I question-Election of Alexander V.-New attacks on heresy-Hus's answers-Queen Sophia-The burning of Wyclif's books-Wenceslaus and John XXIII.-Interven tion of Sigismund-Pope John's crusade-The sale of indulgences-Opposition of Hus-Revolt of his followers from him-First appearance of Jerom~n Bohemian con troversy-Effect of his interference-The treacherous execution of the opponents of Indulgences-Michael de Causis-Hus's r.etirement from Prague-The Ii De Ecc1esia" -Jakaubek of Kladrau-Banishment of Pale~ and Stanis laus-Intervention of Sigismund-The safe-conduc!-The arrival at Constance-Promises of Pope John-Michael and Palec-Imprisonment of Has-Ii The Cup for the laity"-Hus's letter and its perversion-Sigismund at Constance-Deposing Popes-Jerom at Constance-The Bishop of Litomysl and the Bohemian nobles-The trial of June 5th-Of June 7th-Sigismund's anger with Hus June Sth-Deposition of Popes and of Kings-Ii Abjure" -Chlum's hand-shake-Sigismund's condemnation of Hus -Last letters and interviews-Condemnation of IX. FROM THE DEATH OF Hus TO THE FIRST CORONATIO:-I OF SIGISMUND . 221- (July 6, 14lS-July 28, 1420.) Differences.between Hus and his followers-Effect of his death-The Interdict on Prague and its results-Attitude of \\'enceslaus-Of Sigismund-Jerom's trial and death- Quarrel with the Council about the bishopric of Olmiitz Growing differences among the Utraquists-Nicholaus of Hus-Zizka-Effect of their action on Wenceslaus Election of Martin V.-End of Council of Constance Scene between Zizka and Wenceslaus-The Ii New Town" of Prague-John of Zeliv-The Defenestratio-Anger and death of Wenceslaus-Attitude of Sigismund-Cenek of Wartenberg-Conditions offered to Sigismund by the Assembly-Queen Sophia-The three parties in Bohemia -Mode of life of the Taborites-Zizka's character-The . CONTENTS. xvii appeal for peace-Differences between the Calixtine PAGE nobles and the Calixtine citizens-U1Qc of Rosenberg First struggle between the nobles and the Taborites-The compromise-The Kutt.:inbergpersecution-Sigismund's demands-Zizka's surrender of Pilsen-" No faith with heretics "-Sigis~nd's Iies-Cenek's double treachery-' ZiZka's cruelties-The march of the Taborites to Prague Forcible Reformers-Sigismund's retreat-The First anti Hussite "Crusade "-Frede~ick of Hohenzollern and the Margravate of Brandenburg-Differences in Sigismund's camp-New burnings of U1raquists-The battle of 'Zizkov Hora-More differencrs in· the camp-The II Four Articles of Prague "-The. discussion-The compromise-Corona- tion of Sigismund. . x. FROM THE FIRST CORONATION OF SIGISMUND TO THE OPENING OF THE COUNCIL OF BASEL 261-289 (1420-1431.) Demands of the Taborites-Peter Payne-John of Zeliv Withdrawal of Taborites-Differences 'of the Calixtines with Sigismund-His retirement from Prague-Nicholaus of Hus-Hynek of Crusina-The battle of the Vysehrad Differences of the Bohemians from their enemies in the war-New divisions among the Utraquists-e.The siege of Rican--=--The II vestment" controversy-Death of Nicholaus of Hus-Martinek Hauska and Transubstantiation-The Adamites-Zizka's treatment of them-Capture of Kutten berg and Jaromir and return of the nobles to the Utra quists-Resolution of the Assembly about Sigismund New quarrels between nobles and citizens-The II Second Crusade " -The siege of Zatec-The "miracle"-Cruelties of Sigismund in Moravia-The capture of Kuttenberg Zilka at bay-The recapture-Zizka's. final victory over Sigismund-Tyranny of John of Zeliv in Prague-" Prince Korybut "-Betrayal and death of John of Zeliv-Collapse of the II Third Crusade "-Zizkls struggles with the nobles IA xviii CONTENTS. . PAGE -His final victories and death-Prokop the Great-The new war policy of the Bohemians-pj-zibram and Peter Payne-Korybut's bl'hnder-John Rokycana-The" Fourth Crusade "-Cardinal Beaufort-The siege of Mies-The rout of Tachov-New discussions-Demands for a Council -Death of Martin V.-Cesarini and the t' Fifth Crusade" -The flight from Taus-End of the" Crusades." XI. FROM THE OPENING OF THE COUNCIL OF BASEL f' TO THE FALL OF TABOR . 290-322 (1437-145 2 .) Reasons for the meeting of the Council of Basel-More lies of Sigismund-The peasant risings in France and Germany-Bohemian towns in German hands-Meeting of the Council-Arrival of Bohemians in Basel-Rokycana and Peter Payne-Policy of Cardinal Cesarini-The first meeting-Procop and Cesarini-Rokycana on "the Cup .. ~Difference of Rokycana .from his colleagues-Peter Payne-The English opposition-Cesarini s.ows .division among the Utraquists-End of the first stage of the dis cussion-G~wing differences-Rokycana and ptzibram The delegates4:rom Basel-Final struggle between the nobles and Procop-Battle of Lipany and death of Procop -Capek and til; Orphans-Meinhard of Neuhaus-Nego tiations with .Sigismund-The "Compacts of Basel" Election of Rokycana to the Archbishopric-Restoration of Sigismund-His new treacheries-Flight of Rokycana -Peter Payne as judge-Effect of his decision-Revolt of Rohac-Sigismund's retirement and death-Struggle between Alber! of Austria and Ladislaus of Poland Acceptance of Albert's son Ladislaus as King of Bohemia -Meinhard and Ptacek-New discussions between Calix tines and Taborites-Last appearance of Peter Payne Story of his impri!;onment and ransom-Rise. of George of Podebrad-Treachery of the Basel delegate-Capture of Prague and death of Meinhard-George's policy-Opposi tion and fall of Tabor. CONTENTS. xix XII. PAGE FROM THE FALL OF TABOR TO TH,E PEATH OE GEORGE OF PODEBRAD 323-340 (1452- 147°.) Ge~ll'ge's attitude towards the young king-Entry of Ladis- laus into Prague-His" Catholic sympathies-His death Candidates for the throne of Bohemia-Election of George Significance of this election in European history-George's moderation-His relations with Matthias of Hungary Pius II. and the Turks-Resistance to George in Moravia and Silesia-The refolt of Breslau-The compromise Increase of George's power and influence-Pius II.'s change of feeling-His condemnation of the Compacts of Basel-Fantinus de Valle and King George-George's defiance of the Pope-Frederick III. and King George Pius and the revolt· of Breslau-Growing opposition in Bohemia to the king-Death of Pius II. and election of Paul H.-The deferred greeting-The Bull of deposition -Zdenek of Sternberg-The rebellion of the nobles':'" Losses of George-Election6f Matthias-The insulting terms of peace-George's defiance of Pope and princes- His victories and death-Death of Rokycana. . XIII. FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE B~HEMIAN BROTHERHOOD TO THE ACCESSIDN OF FERDINAND.!. TO THE THRONE OF BOHEMIA 341-373 Parallels between English and Bohemian history-Like ness and difference between the Bohemian Brothers and the English "Friends "-Contrast between English and Bohemian traditions-Peter of Chelcic-His early career -Relations with Rokycana-Change of Rokycana's policy towards the Brothers-Gregory persecuted by Rokycana Organisatjon of tile Bn)tllerllo~d-ft!rther pers.eCqtiol1~~ xx CONTENTS. PAGE Death of George and accession of Ladislaus II.-Denunci- . ations by the II Masters" of Prague-Death of Gregory- His warnings to,theOBrothers-Growth of the Brotherhood -Lukas of Prague-Struggle belween Lukas and Amos of Stekna-The compromise with the world-New persecu tions~Bohuslav of Hassenstein-Amos'" denunciations Ladislaus offends the Constitutionalists-The protec,tors of the Brotherhood-The examination at Prague-The Printing Press-Ladislaus's appeal to Moravia, and its re pulse-Persecution in Bohemia-Erasmus and the Brolhers -Death of Ladislaus-Dec1ine of freedom in Bohemia The struggle between the towns and the nobles-King Louis-Lev of Rozmital and Pase\( of Wrat-Louis's re forms-Luther's appearance-Luther and Hus-Luther's warnings to the Utraquists-Gallus Cahera-Pasek's new intrigues-The tyranny in Prague-Louis's vain resistance '-Lev of Rozmital and Henry of Rosenberg-The Turkish invasion-Louis's vain appeal-His flight and death Battle of Mohacs-Election of Ferdinand I. XIV. REIGN OF FERDINAND I. (15 26-1 564.) Questions at issue in Bohemia at the time of Ferdinand's accession-Ferdinand's mistakes-The Turkish war Ferdinand's reJorms in Prague-Soliman's siege of Vienna and its repuJ,se-Final fall of Pasek and Cahera-Ferdi nand's aims-The Brothers and the Anabaptists-Conrad of Krajek-The Confession of the Brotherhood-John Augusta-Luther'S relations with the Brotherhood-His defence of their Confession-Ferdinand's attacks on the Brotherhood-Vtraquist opposition to the II Compacts " Augusta with Calvin' and Luther-Luther refuses to Germanise Bohemia-Growth of Lutheran principles in Bohemia-The Bohemians an'd the Schmalkaldic war-The League for Bohemian Liberty-The insurrection of 1547- Consequences of its failure-Renewed persecution of the Brotherhood-The Litomysl Brothers-Arrest and torture pf Augusta-Ferdinand's ingenious cruelty-Expulsion of CONZ'ENZ'S. xxi . PAGE the Brothers from Bohemia-Their settlement in Poland- Removal to Prussia-Their treatment in' Prussia-Ferdi nand's difficulties with the II local" daims-The II Estates of the Circles "-The Komora Dvorska and its uses_ Catholics and Utraquists-N~w torture of Augusta Ferdinand's aPIfal to Moravia and its repulse-Augusta's difficulties with the II Elders "-Protestant hopes from Maximilian-Power of the Jesuits-New persecution of the Brothers-Augusta's position-The final attempt at his conversion-His verbal, concession to Utraquism and its misrepresentation-His last imprisonment and final release -Death of Ferdinand. • XV. FROM THE DEATH OF FERDINAND 1. TO THE BEGINNING qF THE REACTION UNDER RUDOLF II. 406-424 (1564-1600.) PrQgress of despotism in Bohemia-Ferdinand's great excuse-The fall of Utraquism-Charactel',and policy of Maxi!TIilian-His special difficulties-Natipnal feeling of the Brotherhood-Blahoslav and Augusta-Luth,eran de sire for uniformity-Augusta's defeat, and deMh-The II Bohemian Confession "-The Conference of 1575- Consequences of its failure-Change of policy and death of Maximilian--':Character and tendencies of Rudolf 11. Revival of Art and Science-Use of it by the Jesuits Struggle of Jesuits with the Brothers-Dlfliculties of the Brotherhood-The expulsion of the,Krajeks and its conse quences-Jesuit successes-Resistance of Moravia-Peter Vok von Rosenberg-General character of the struggles. XVI. FROM 'THE BEGINNING OF THE REACTION TO THE DEATH OF RUDOLF II. 4 25-453 .(~60~1612.) Causes of Rudolf's change of policy-The Turkish question ~Grow.t4 ·of power of the .KOITIOra Pvorska-Rudo)f§ I xxii CONTENTS, , I PAGE insanity-Opposition of his family to him-The Edict of 1602-of 1604-Bocksay's insurrection-Growing opposi tion to Rudolf-Kal1 von Zerotin-His training, character, and policy-Rudolf removes him from office-His relations with IIIyezhazy-His championship of Matthias-Differ ences between Rudolf and Matthias--[,.ichtenstein and Buka-The Moravian rising-Christian of Anhalt Zerotin's feelings about war-Alliance between Hungary, Moravia, and Austria against Rudolf-Wenceslaus Budovec -His struggles for religious liberty in Bohemia-His opposition to Matthias-The Assembly of- 1608-Import ance and originality of Budovec's demands-Rudolf's re sistance-Failure of Matthias in B.:lhemia and success elsewhere-Lobkovic, Martinic, and Slavata-Adam of Sternberg-Resolution of Bohemian Protestants to resort to armed resistance-Bohemia and Silesia-Rudolf's final resistanc~ to the Protestants-,-Budovec's leadership-The Defenders-Peter Vok of Rosenberg-Rudolf's final con cession-The Leiter of Majesty-The Archdu.l>e Leopold The peacemakers-Concession by Rudolf t. Matlhias The Passau plot; its rise, horrors, and end-Flight of Leopold-Matthias crowned at Prague-Last hopes and death of Rudolf. XVII. FROM THE DEATH OF RUDOLF II. TO THE BATTLE OF THE WHITE HILL 454-482 (1612-1620.) Matthias's difficulties-Policy• of Zerotin-Erasmus von Tschernembl-His differences with Zerotin-Zerotin and Khlesl-Relations of Bohemia to Moravia and Silesia Policy of Khlesl-The Transylvanian question-Khlesl worsted by Zerotin-Elec!ion of Matthias as Emperor and its results-The nobles and the towns-Results of their quarrels-The provincial question again-U Hapsburgs or no Hapsburgs ?"-New persecution-Ferdinand of Styria -Khlesl's change of policy-The Troppau question-Fall of Zerotin-Elec!ion of Ferdinand as King of Bohemia The renewed persecution-The Assemblies of 1618-The pefenestratjo - The: Provj!jo!lal Gove:r!lmellt - fall of CONTENTS. xxiii Khlesl-Alliances on both sides-Dea.,ths of Maximilian PAGE and Matthias-Silesia, Lausitz, and. Moravia join the Bohemians-Thurn's invasion of Austria and its end Bethlen Gabor, and the rising in 'Hungary-Election of Frederick as king-Discontent of the peasantry with the movement-Diffilulties of the Assembly-Bethlen's suc cesses and failures-Maximilian of Bavaria-The final invasion-Battle of the White Hill. XVIII. FROM THE BATTLE OF THE WHITE HILL TO THE PRESENT 1'IME • 483-509 Completeness of the overthrow of Bohemian independence iii 162o-Execution of leaders of insurrection-Persecution of Protestant preachers-Triumph of the Jesuits-Their absolute power-Destruction of memorials of Protestant leaders-Locika's protest and death...:..Resistance and over throw of Kuttenberg-:terotin and Ferdinand-Resistance of :lerotin and Sabovsky-Penal laws' against Protestants -Their expulsion in 1627-Overthrow of constitutional and municipal liberty and national independence-Crushing out of the language-Career of Comenius-His life before leaving Bohemia-His allegory-He settles at Lissa- co Janua aurea "-The co Didactica "-Invitation to Sweden -Comenius and Hartlib-Success and failure in England -Milton's letter to Hartlib-Comenius in Sweden-At Elbing-:-Comenius and De Geer-Disappoi~ment at peace of Westphalia-Election as Bishop of BrotheDhood-Effed of his addresses-His later labours-Results of his work -General stagnation in ,Bohemia-Accession of Maria Theresa and its results-Suppression of the Jesuits Joseph's Edict of Toleration-Shortcomings of his religious policy-Of his educational policy-His opposition to Con stitutional liberty-His abolition of serfdom-Leopold II. -Revival of Bohemian Literature-Frantisek PeIcel Caspar von Sternberg-Josef Dobrovsky-Leopold II. and Dobrovsky-The National Museum-The Koniginhof MS. -Safarik and Palacky-The GrUnberg MS.-The con troversy about these MSS.-PalackY's History-The dis covery of ancient peasant art---Later controversies. ,. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. -----~ PAGE SMALL RING OF PRAGUE Frontispiece LIBUSA'.S BATH JUST BELOW THE vySEHRAD. 9 CYRIL AND, METHODIU~, FROM THE WINDOW OF A CHURCH IN CAROLINEN-THAL 13 TOMB OF ST. LUDMILA • 23 CHURCH BUILT BY ST. ADALBERT AT PRACHATICE. 31 RADNICE BRNE: OLD DOOR OF TOWN COUNCIL HOUSE OF BRUNN • 73 JfHLAVA (IGLAU), THE GREAT· MINING CENTRE IN MORAVIA. 77 CATHEDRAL OF OLMUTZ ON SITE OF ·CASTLE WHERE WENCESLAqS III. WAS MURDERED. II7 LIKENESS TAKEN FROM CHAPEL IN CARLSTEIN 131 CARLSTEIN (KARLUV TYN) 135 MAPS SHOWING GROWTH OF PRAGUE UNDER CHARLES IV. : 138, 139 STATUE OF CHARLES IV. NEAR HIS BRIDGE IN PRAGUE. 152 KRCMOV, ONE OF THE CHIEF SEATS OF THE ROSENBERGS • 169 VILLAGE OF HUSINEC 175 xxiv UST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. xxv PAGE HUSINEC, SHOWING COTTAGE WHERE HUS WAS BORN 176 MNH~ 1~ THE GREAT RINGiJF PRAGUE. SCENE OF MURDER OF THE OPPONENTS OF THE INDULGENCE 201 MARKET-PLACE OF PRACHATICE, THE TOWN WHERE HUS AND ZIZKA WENT TO SCHOOL 228 ENTRANCE INTO FORTIFIED PART OF TABOR 237 HOUSE IN TABOR WIT. OLD TABORITE COMMUNION TABLE IN FRONT OF IT. 24-0 FIGURE OF MINER WITH MINING LAMP AND STAFF IN CHURCH OF ST. BARBARA AT KUTTENBERG (KUTNA HORA) 2+J. KUTNA HORA, OFFICE WHERE THE COINS WERE STRUCK BY THE ITALIANS BROUGHT TO KUTNA HORA BY WENCESLAUS II. 24-5. TOWN COUNCIL HOUSE OF PILSEN (PUEN) • 24-6 THE CASTLE OF PRAGUE 251 VIEW OF PRAGUE SHOWING ZIZKA'S HILL TO THE NORTH-EAST • 256 ROAD NEAR TABOR, SHOWING TOWN WRLL 263 ZIZKA ON HORSEBACK AT' THE HEAD' OF THE FLAIL-BEARING TABORITES (FROM AN OLD PICTURE COPIED IN DR. TOMAN'S PAMPHLET) 275 OLD PICTURE OF ZIZKA IN HEAVEN (FROM DR. TOMAN'S PAMPHLET) 281 (CHODI) BOHEMIAN PEASANTS OF THE BAVARIAN BORDER. 287 JOHN ROKYCANA 295 ZNAYM (ZNOJEM), SCENE OF !iIGISIIIUND'S DEATH 313 IB xxvi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAG GEORGE OF PODEBRAD, FIRST HERETIC KING OF BOHEMIA JOHN f.UGUSTA MO~VIAN WOMAN. ( HALL IN THE CASTLE OF PRAGUE FROM WHENCE MARTINIC AND SLAVATA WERE THROWN PLACE IN FRONT OF TOWN COUNCIL HOUSE OF PRAGUE WHERE THE BOHEMIAN NOBLES WERE EXECUTED AFTER THE INSURRE;CTION STATUE OF ST. JOHN NEPOMUC CHURCH OF ST. BARBARA AT KUTNA HORA JOHN AIIIOS KOMENSKY • SLOVAK WOMAN FOUND IN PARTS OF IIIORAVIA AND ALSO IN HUNGARY. 50 BOHEMIAN WOMAN WITH "DOVE" HEAD DRESS AND NATIVE WORK 50 INDEX. Amos of Stekna opposes changes in the Brotherhood, 3:;0, 351 ; Adalbert, his early career, 30; his denounces the Brotherhood to influence as Bishop of Prague, Ladislaus, 355 30; his flight from Prague, 31 ; Anabaptists, their relations with his conversion of the Hun the Brotherhood, 379 . garians, 31; circumstances of Ang~lini, chaplain to Maximilian his death, 32 ; restoration of his of Bavaria, 478 body to Prague, 39-41 ; appealed Anhalt, Siegfried of, 92 to at Battle of Chlum, 53 ; popu Anhalt, Christian of (see Christian) larity of his hymn, 32, II2 Anna, sister of Wenceslaus IV., Adamites, 270, 271 effect of her marriage with Adam, Daniel, historian, 417 Richard II., 177 Adolf of Nassau, Wenceslaus's Arnestus, Bishop, his support of relations with, 114, II5 Charles IV.'s reforms, 142 j' his Albert, son of Rudolf of Haps treatment of Rienzi, 1:;0 burg, his quarrels with Wen Arnulf, his claims on Pannonia, ceslaus, II4; elected Emperor, 16; his candidature for the 1I5 ; sanctions union of Poland Empire, 19; his struggles with with Bohemia, 115 ; defeated by Svatopluk, 19; calls in the Wenceslaus II., 1I6 ; tries to se Hungarians to his help, 19,20; cure Bohemia for his sons, 1I7, stirs up civil war in Moravia, 21 1I8; Bohemian feeling about Art, encouragement of, by Vratis his death, lI8 . lav, :;0; by Charles IV., 134~ ; Albert in the tillle of Sigismund by Hudolf II., 416, 417 (sec Austria, Albert of) Art of peasantry, 507, 508 Albik, Archbishop, his demands Assembly, Bohemian, in time of from Hus, 197, 198 Libusa, 5; in time of Vladislav, Alexander II., 47 59, 60; character of, in early Alexander _V., Pope, his relations times, 67, 68 ; elects Henry of with Zajic, 190, 193; checks Carinthia, lI8; in time of inquiry into Wyclif's books, 193 John, 1I9, 120, 125, 126; resists Alexander VI., Pope, his treat- Charles IV., 140, 141; super ment of the Brotherhood, 353, seded by Wenceslaus's Council, 354 168; imposes conditions on 511 512 INDEX. Sigismund, 234, 235; rejects B him as king, 272 ; attitude bf, to George, 326; debates of, in Babenberg, house of, 84 (see 1537, 385, 386; in 1575, 413, Frederick, Leopold) 414; in 1608, 438, 439, 453; Barbin, Jesuit historian, 498 suppression of, by Ferdinand II., Basel, Bishop of, ·supports Rudolf 490 ; revival of, by Leopold II., against Ottakar, 104 501 (see also Nobles, Council) Basel, Council of, reasons for its Assembly, Moravian, 330, 375,399 ; summons, 2<)0-4; discussions Silesian, 330, 375 at, 297-302 Augusta, John, his early career, Basel, Compacts of, 307, 309, 318, 380 ; draws up Confession, 380, 319, 323, 333, 361l, 31l5, 3116 384; his relations to Luther, Battles of Chlum, 53 ; Crecy, 129 ; 383; visits Bucer and Calvin, Domazlice, 21l8, 289; Knin, 24-3 ; 386, 387 ; rebuked by Ludanic, Kutna Bora, 277 ; Llpany, 305 ; 392 ; kidnapped and imprisoned, Lomnice, 470; Mailberg, 49; 393; his cruel treatment, 393, Marchfeld, 105 ; Merseburg, 27 ; 398, 401; his relations to the Mohacs, 372; Miihlberg, 390; Jesuits, 403, 404-; his quarrels Nemecky Brod, 277; Poreic, with the Elders, 400, 402, 404 ; 253 ; .Rakonic, 477 ; ~icanl 268 ; his final release, 405 ; his later Sudomir, 248,. 24-9; Tachov, differences with the Brother 285 ; Vysehrad, 266, 267 ; White hood, 4II, 412 Hill, 471l, 479; Zizkov Hora, , Austi, rout of Taborites at, 243 257,258 Austria, first struggle of, with Bavaria, relations of, with Charles Bohemia, 49; Margravate of, IV., 145-7; resistance of, to raised into a Dukedom, 58; Ferdinand, 377 end of Babenberg line in, 65; Bavaria, Duke Louis of, his oppo claim on, of Frederick 11., 65, sition to Ottakar, 91 ; claim of . 66; conquered by Ottakar II., electoral rights by, 91, 92 66, 84, 1l5; secured to him by Bavaria, Duke Henry of, his marriage, 85; conquered' by friendship for Ottakar, 91 ; goes Rudolf, 99 ; relations of Charles over to Rudolf, 98 (sa also to, 145, q6; Protestantism in, Louis, Emperor; Maximilian) relations of, with Matthias (sa Beaufort, Cardinal, leads fourth Protestants and Tschernembl) crusade, 285-8, 292 Austria, Duke of, joins conspiracy Bela, King of Hungary, ddeated against Wenceslaus IV" 170; by the Tartars, 74; Ottakar's allied with John XXIII., 209· rivalry with, 1l6;' gives his Austria, Albert of, made ruler of daughter to Ottakar, 117 Moravia, 282 ; chosen King of Berka, Ladislaus of, 430, 434-, 435 Bohemia, 3Il, 312; struggles Bethlen Gabor, his rising in Tran of, 312-14 . sylvania, 472 ; invades Austria, Austria, Upper, attitude of, towards 475; declared Prince of Hun Bohemian rising, 469, 47 I gary, 476 ; his steady opposition Austria, Lower, invaded by Thurn, to Ferdinand, 476 471, 4-72 (sec also Hapsburg, Bilek, his relations with Augusta, Rudolf, &c.) 393, 401 , 403, 404 Avars, struggles of, with the Blahoslav, his importance in Slavs, 7 Brotherhood, 401; his contro Avignon, 126, 155 versy with Augusta, 4II INDEX. 513 Bocksay, Stephen, his insurrection, Bohemia, .. Nation" of, iit Pra!!Ue 427,428 t:niversity (st"/' Nation, Uni Bohemia, peculiarities of its his versity) tory, 1-4; .zeal for national Boleslav the Cruel. trained bv language in, 2 ; early settlements Drahomira, 24; persecutes in, 4; forced into Christian Christians, 24; murders \\'en baptism by Franks, 8; Chris ceslaus,26 ; submits to Emperor, tianised by Methodius, 12; 26; makes alliance with Otto, Slavonic ritual introduced into, 27; resists Hungarians. 27; 12 ; national estimate of patriot changes his policy, 27 ; estimate ism and heroism, 18, 19; effect on, of him by Bohemian chroniclers, of fall of Dukedom of Moravia, 27, 28; his treatment of the 21; struggles between Chris 2upa, 68, 6q tians and heathens in, 22-32; Boleslav the Pious, concessions relations of, to German Empire made to him by Pope, 28; his in tenth century, 33 ; to Saxony relations with SI. Adalbert, 30- and Poland in same period, 34, 32; his policy in Poland. 29, 35; first king of. 49; um:er 30.35 taintyof royal tiUe in. 51 ; effect Boleslav 111.. his profligacy and on. of Vladislav's policy, 59, 62 ; downfall, 35, 36 peculiarities of constitutional Boleslav of IPoland, his aggres history of. 67, 68; how sions and intrigues, 35 strengthened by German weak Boniface IX., Pope, his relations ness, 89. 90 ; effect on, of Battle with \Venceslaus IV., 167, 173 of Marchfeld. 105. 106; privi Boris of Bulgaria, his conversion. leges secured to, by John, 119. 8,9 120; feeling of Charles IV. to. Boi'ivoj of Bohemia, his conver 132,137. 146; new life developed sion. 12 ; his zeal for the faith, in, by Charles. 137 ; position in 22 Empire claimed for. 146; ex Botivoj, later Duke, deposed by tension of territory of. Q5. 148 ; VrSovid,51 attitude of. towards its kings. Bozeh'!ch. his artistic fame, 50; 235; traditions of. contrasted his revival of Slavonic ritual, 50 with English. 341-3; Luther's Bofej, one of the Vr~ovid, 51 feeling towards. 3% 365; de Bracdolini. Poggio, 225 cline of liberty in. in sixteenth BraCislav, his romantic career, century. 361. 362; attitude of. 37, 38; his restoration of SI. towards Ferdinand II .• 374.375 ; Adalbert, 38-41; his struggle final struggle in. 467-82 ; suffer with the Emperor. 42, 43 ings of, in seventeenth and Brandenburg. Margrave of (see eighteenth centuries. 483~1 Otto) Bohemia, language of, encouraged Brandenburg, Margravate of. by Charles IV.• 162 ; developed joined to Bohemia, Q8; given by Thomas of SHtny. 162 ; de to Hohenzollem, 255 ; relations spised by German scholars, 161, of. with Brotherhood, 395 (5.·.· 162; connected with Reforma also Hohenzollem) tion movement. 162. 163. 175-6 ; ·Braunau. persecution in, 445, 465 growth of. under Hapsburgs, Breslau in time of \Venceslaus' 417 ; repressed by Jesuits. 491 ; IV.. 165; in time of George, discouraged by Joseph 11 .• 500 ; 331, 332, 336, 337 later revival of. 501~ Bmo (sec Brlinn) 34 514 INDEX. BrJtherhood, Bohemian, com against Leopold, 452; opposes pared with English Quakers,- House of Hapsburg, 461; sus 341-3 ; first foundation of, 344, picions of peasantry against 345; Rokycana's relation to, him, 473; his character, 480; 345-7; relations of, to nobles, his death, 484 349 ; modifications of their Budweis (see Budejovice) doctrines, 351:-3 ; persecution of, Bulgaria, conversion of (see Boris) by Ladislaus, 355--00 ; sympathy Burian of Gutenstein, 316, 340 for, in Moravia, 358, 359 ; differ ent motives of its protectors, 356 ; relatiolls of, with Anabaptists, C 379; with Conrad of Krajek, Cahera, Gallus, 367, 368, 377 380-2 ; Confession proposed fo" Calixtines, their difference from 380 ; relations of, with Luther, Hus, 222; divers elements of 382-4 ; first persecution of, by their party, 236, 237; relation Ferdinand, 384; treatment of, with Taborites, 253, 254, 265, after capture of Prague, 391-4 ; 268, 269, 271 ; effect of :l;iika's treatment of, in Poland and death on, 283 ; relations of P. Russia, 394, 395; in Moravia, Payne to, 283, 284; divisions 399, 400; their desire for na among, 284, 306 tiomil position, 410, 41I ; resist Calvin, Augusta's visit to, 386 ance to proposal for common Calvinists, sympathy of Brothers Confession,41I-14; M<\ximilian's " with, 414, 435 attitude towards, 401, 412, 415 ; Capek,305,306 their struggle with Jesuits, '1.18- Catholics of Bohemia recognise 24; their bold rebuke of nohle!', interdict, 223 ; relations of with 4H)-2I; later stages of, 491r7 . Wenceslaus, 224 ; formation 01 (see also Michael,Amos, Gregory, as a separate party, 236; first Augusta, Blahoslav, Comenius, debate with Utraquists, 259; Zerotin, Budovec) . led by Meinhard, 319; King Brunswick, Duke of, his relations George's treatment of, 326-9, to Rudolf 11., 450 331; their combinations with Brunn, liberties of, 72, 76-9; atti Utraquists, 391, 400, 408 ; their tude towards George, 331, 338 ; final victory, 483-5. towards Rudolf II., 434 ; stands Carinthia, 87, 89, 97 (see also by Matthias, 459 Henry of) Bruno, Bishop of Olmfi!z, his Carlstein, 135, 294 assistance to Ottakar, 83; his Carniola, 87, 89, 97 appeal to Gregory, 96, 97 ; ad Carvajal, Cardinal, 318, 319 vises Ottakar to submit to Casimir, King of Poland, 312; Rudolf, 99 later King, 338 Buter, Augusta's visit to,' 386, 387 Cenek of Wartenberg, his cha Bucquoi, his invasion of Bohemia, racter and position, 233, 234; 470; his final campaign, 477-9 grounds of difference from Budejovice, 294, 320, 449, 468, 452 Utraquists, 241; his double Budovec, Wenceslaus of Buduva, treachery, 249-51; returns to his policy, 437; his relations- Utraquists, 271 ; final desertion with Rudolf, 437-43; with of Utraquists, 278 Zerotin, 437; asserts a special Cesarini, Cardinal, organises principle, 439 ; prepares for re fourth crusade, 288, 289; posi bellion, 445; encourages Prague tion of, at Basel, 298-30Z INDEX. SIS Charles V., King of Jo'raoce, his and aims, 435, 480; disappoint alliance with John, 126, 127, ment at Letter of Majesty, 447 ; 129; his inHuence on Charles fOlms Protestant Cnion, 4411; of Bohemia,· 131, 132 ; alliance his relations with Peter \'ok, with \Venceslaus, 1t4 455 ~ with Frederick, 474; his Charles -VII., King of France, share in final campaign, 4i8, claims Bohemian throne, 325 479 Charles I. of Bohemia, IV. of Circles, Assemblies in, 395, 396 Gennany, his name, 127; Clement VI., P:>pc, 128, 129 popUlarity of early rule, 127; Clement, Saint, 12 relations "ith his father, 127- Clement XIV., Pope, suppresses 31; chosen Holy Roman Em Jesuits, 499 peror, 129 ; early training, 130- Clergy, attitude towards, of 2; influence of Paris on, 132; Pfemysl Ottakar I., 63, t4; of founds l'niversity of Prague, Prj:mysl Ottakar II., tlo, III, 113, 133-1 ; builds new town, 136; 87, cf1; of \"enceslaus II., proposes Majestas Carolina, 116, 133; of Charles IV., 1.13, 137-41 ; withdraws it, 140 ; his 157, 1511; their quarrels with refOlms of the laws, 142, 143 ; re Wenceslaus IV. ls,'c \\'ences- lations \\ith Gennan Empire, laus) • 143~; his Golden Bull, 144. Collinus, Mallhreus,416 - q5 ; his relations with Bavaria Colonna von Fels, 4t4 and Austria; Q5, Q6; resist Comenius, his career, 491~ ance to Pope, q8, 156, 157; Confession of Augsburg, 380 relations with Rienzi, 149, 150 ; Confession of the Brotherhood, with Petrarch, ISO, 151 ; desire 38Q-4 for hereditary Gerrilan Empire, Confession, Bohemian, of ISiS, 152, 153; fitness for guiding 4 13,438 refonn movement, ISS, 156; Conrad, Archbishop, 2O..J censures luxury of clergy, 157 ; Conrad of Hohenstauffen. 54 promotes moral refonn, lSI!- Conrad of Moravia, 55, 56 60; effect _of his death, 163; Conrad \\'aldhauser, 1511 . contrasted "ith \Venceslaus Constantinople (5<"<' Emperor) IV., 163; incompatibility of Constance, Council of, 204-20, his different objects, 186; re 225, 226, 229. 230 sults of his work, 186 Cornwall, Richard of, 86, 89 Charles V., Emperor of Gennany, Cosmas (historian), 3, 7,21, 39, .p 388-<)1 Council of Church, demands for, • Charles of Miinsterberg (s,-c 2qQ-2 (see Lyons, Pisa, Con Miinsterberg) stance, Basel) Chazars,9 Council of Nobles (see Assembly) Chelae, Peter of, his early career, Cracow, 34. 35, 38 3-B, 344; his doctrines, 344; Crato, Dr., 413 Rokycana's attitude towards, Crocco, 4 344. 345; founds Brotherhood, Crusades, effect of failure in thir 345; his books burnt, 354 teenth century, 154 . Christianity as understood by the Crusades against Bohemia, first, Franks, -8; introduced into 252, 254; second, 274; third, Bulgaria, 8 ; into Moravia, 10; 280 ; fourth, 285; fifth, 288, 28<) into Bohemia, 12 Cumani, 74. cf1 Christian of Anhalt, his character Cyril, 10. 14 516. INDEX. D with Bohemia in tenth century, 33; in thirteenth century, 68, Daniel, Bishop of Prague; his 89 advice to Vladislav, 59 ; opposi Empire, Holy Roman, effect of tion of nobles to, 60 ; interest of, its weakness, 89-90; German in Italian campaign, 61 character of, 95, ¢; Charles 'De Geer, relations of, with Co IV., feeling to, 143, 145, 153 menius, 496, 497 Eugenius IV., Pope, 298, 3II, 316 Dettmar, first Bishop of Prague, 29 Devin,7,lo F Dietrichstein, his persecution of Fabricius thrown out of window, Protestants, 431 467,468 Dobrilug, attack on, by Saxons, Fantinus de Valle, his relations to 389 George, 333, 335 Dobrovsky, Josef, his services to Ferdinand I. chosen King of Bo Bohemia, 502, 503 ; his view of hemia, 373; circumstances of Bohemian MS., 506 his election, 374, 375; his in Pomazlice, flight of Crusaders vasion of Hungary, 376 j sup frc4t, 288, 289; persecution of pression of Pasek's tyranny, Brothers in, 384 377, 378; his desire for union Drahorriira, her influence with in Church and State, 379 ; first Bohemian nobles, 24 ; her persecutions of Brotherhood by, persecution of Christians, 24; 384--6, 391-4, 399-40S; attitude death, 27 of, towards Utraquists, 38S, 386 ; Dubravski, his history, 416 suppression of Prague rising, 390, 391 ; creation of Hof-Kam E mer, 396, 397 ; attempt to unite Utraquists and Catholics, 397, Eckhard, Master, 161 398, 408 ; resistance of. Moravia Eger, river of, 4 , to, 399; death, 40S; general Eger, city of (Cheb), restored by aspects of his policy, 4o(H) Albert, II5; resists Utraqu'ists, Ferdinand II., his first persecution 294; its exceptional position, of Protestants, 462; defeated 395 . by Matthias as candidate for Eibenschiitz (see Ivancice) Empire, 462; chosen King of Elbing, Comenius at, 496 Bohemia, 464; excites resist Elizabeth, daughter 'of Wences- ance to his rule, 465 ; chosen laus II., II9, 123, 125, 126, 127 Emperor, 474; suppresses re Elizabeth, daughter of Sigismul1d, sistance in Vienna, 471, 472; 314 conquers Bohemia, 476-480; Elizabeth, wife' of Frederick V., his tyrannical reign, 483-491 her advice, 474; her unpopu Ferrara. Council at, 316 larity, 475; her courage, 477, Fox, George, compared with 478; her flight, 479 Peter of CheUic, 341, 343 Emperor, 'Frankish, struggles of, Franks, struggles of, with the against Slavs, (see Louis); re Slavs, 7-8 lations of, to subjects, 19 Frederick, Barbarossa, his rela Emperor of Constantinople, treat tionswith Vladislav, 57-9, 62, ment of barbarians, 19, 20 63 ' I' 'th Emperor, German, relations of, Frederick II., his re abons W1 INDEX. 517 Pfemysl Ottakar I., 63, 64 i his 337-40 i defies Pot>e and resistance to Frederick the' Emperor, 339 i circumstances Quarrelsome, 65, 66 i his quar of his death, 3,,0 i petition about rel with \\;em:eslaus I., 66 i his statue, 439 i destruction of effect of his death, 66 i his atti his statue, 4116 tude during Tartar invasion, 75 Germans, first struggles of, with Frederick the Quarrelsome, his Slavs, 7-9 i oppose introduction quarrels with Bohemia and the of Slavonic language, 10-16 i Empire, 65, 8ol- regain independence under Frederick of Hapsburg, son of Henry the Fowler, 27 i relations Albert, tries to become King of of, to Bohemia in tenth century, Bohemia, 118 33 i cruelties of, under Otto of Frederick, Dukeof Austria, alliance Brandenburg, 110 i feelingS of, with Henry of Lipa, 123 about Charles IV., I-l--l- i their Frederick III., Emperor of Ger scorn of Bohemian language, many, becomes guardian to 161-2 i their struggle about the Ladislaus, 31ol-, 3111, 320 i his three votes, 183-8 i language of, relations with George of Pode exalted above Bohemian hy brad,32o, 323,335 Joseph II., 500 i contest of, in Frederick V., Winter King, sends nineteenth century with Bohe troops to Bohemia, 470 i chosen mian language, 506-8 (St't' also King, 473 i causes of his accep Towns, Porie, &c.) tance, 474-5 i re~-eption in Gerson, Chancellor of Paris Uni Prague, 475 i his sudden panic, versity, 1911, 225 477 i final flight, 479 i effect of Geysa, King of Hungary, ,con his charader on Bohemian verted by Adalbert, 32 movement, 480 Geysa, Queen of Hungary, de Freudenthal, grant of Teutonic fended by Vladislav, 61 liberties to, 71 Gnesen, in Poland, reasons of its importance, ~2, 35, 38, 39· G Gorazd, successor to Methodius, 16 Genghil: Khan, his invasion of COrlitz, its relations with King Europe, 74-75 i his repulse by George, 338, 339 Wenceslaus, 75 Gregory VII., Pope (see Hilde George of Podebrad, his origin brand) and early career, 317-21 j his Gregory IX., Pope, effect of his capture of Prague, 319 j his quarrel with Frederick II., 75 capture of Tabor, 320-1 j his Gregory X., Pope, Ottakar's appeal friendship for Rokycana, 319 j to, 93-5 ; his final decision, 97 compared with Cromwell, 322- Gregory XI., Pope, acuses ·Milic 3 j brings back King Ladislaus, of heresy, 160 323-4 j his influence over him, Gregory XII., Pope, relations of 32ol--5 j circumstances of his elec Bohemian clergy to, 183, 190 tion to the crown,325-7i his atti Gregory, nephew of Peter of tude towards Catholics and Utra Cheleic, organises Brotherhood, quists, 329-31 i Pius I1.'s treat 3ol-5...() i remonstrates with Roky ment of, 329-37 i rescues Fred can a, 3.. 7 i steadiness in time of erick III., 335 i offends Paul II., persecution, 3ol-8 . •. 336-7 i excommunicated; 337-8 i Gross-Meseristch (see Velke Mesl his struggle against the nobles, fiel) 518 INDEX. Grunberg (sec Zelemi Hora) of Bohemia, 1I8 ; dislike of, in Gustavus Adolphus, effect of his Bohemia, 1I9 victories, 483 ; .his relations with Henry of Luxemburg, chosen Comenius, 494 Emperor, 118; moderation to Guta, daughter of Rudolf of Haps wards the Hapshurgs, Il9; burg, circumstances of her secures Bohemian wife for his betrothal, 100, 108; of her son, Ii9; Rienzi's relation to, marriage, II3 ISO Henry of Lipa, his character and policy, 120, 121; his rebellion H against John, 122, 123; his power ill the kingdom, 123, 125 ; Hajek, Wenceslaus, historian, 416 his intrigues against Queen Hajek, Thaddreus, astronomer, 417 Elizabeth, 125 Hanka, his discoveries, 504 Henry of Rosenberg in fourteenth Hapsburg (see Rudolf, Albert, century, importance of his rosi Ferdinand, &c.). tion, 168 Hapsburg, House of, unpopularity Henry of Rosenberg in fifteenth of, in Germany, 1I4 ; in Bohe century, resistance of, to Lev mia, Il4, n8, II9 ; recovers its of . Rozmital, 371; supports ground for a time, Il7; over Ferdinand, 372 throw of, by House of Luxem Hieronymus (scc Jerom) burg, II9; concessions to by' Hildebrand, relations of, with Charles IV., 146; attempts to Jaromir, 47; with Henry IV., unite dominions of,407 ; attitude 48; his opposition to Slavonic of, towards Rudolf II., 426, ritual,50 427; attempts to overthrow, Hlavsa, his opposition to Pasek, 461; Zerotin's loyalty to, 461, 363; his imprisonment and 469, 487; character of their release, 369, 370, 378 rule,416, 498 ; end of male line Hohenzol1ern, Frederick of, his of, 498, 499' . relations with Rudolf, 92, 98, Hartlib, relations of, with Come- 104 nius,494 ' Hohenzol1ern,Frederick of, in time Hassenstein (Bohuslav), 354, 355 of Sigismund, becomes Elector Hauska (Martinek), 270 . of Brandenburg, 255 ; his share Heidelberg (sec University) in the crusades against Bo Hem'v IV. of France, his relations hemia, 255, 274. 285, 288, 289 to 'Zerotin, 430; effect of his Hof-Kammer,. institution of; 397 ; death,449 growth of its power, 426 Henry the Fowler, resistance of, Horneck, Otlakar von, his attacks to the Hungarians, 27 on King Otlakar, 88 Henry II. intrigues against Bohe Horn, Protestant settlement at, mia, 36 455 Henry III., his .. struggle with Hradiste, Ottakar's treatment. of; Bracislav, 42, 43 82 Henry IV., his friendship for Hrasten, the male town, 7 Vratislav, 48 ; makes him King Hroby, treatment of Protestants of Bohemia, 49 at, 465 Henry VI. of England, his rela Hubner, his denunciations of tions to P. Payne, 30r, 302 Wyc1if,I78 Henry of Carinthia chosen King Hungary, relations of, with Otta INDEX, 519 kar II., 86,87, 89, 99, 103, 104 ; from his followers, :221, 222; end of the old royal line, 115 ; effect of his death, 222; his claim of Wenceslaus on, II6; position in Bohemian history, Ferdinand's. wars in, 376-8; 2; destruction of his statues, Rudolf's oppressions of, 427, 486 428 ; grant of' freedom to, 433 ; Hynek of Lichtenberg, his re (sec also Bethlen Gabor) bellion against George, 336, Hungarians, their invasion of 337 Europe, 17; their overthrow of Hynek of Crusina, his defence of Svatopluk, 20, 21; r~sistance Prague, 266; his quarrel with to them by Henry the Fowler, Zilka, 268 ; returns to Utraquists, 27 ; by Boleslav, 27; their con 271 version by Adalbert, 32; effect of their invasion' on position of Bohemia, 33; share of, in Iglau (sec Jihlava) battle of Vysehrad, 266, 267; Illyezhazy, relations of, to Zerotin, cruelties in \var, 267, 276; 432,433,455 defeated at Mohacs, 372 (sce Innocent IV. encourages Oltakar's also Tartars, Matthias) conquest of Austria, 66, 84 Huns' struggles with Slavs, 7 Innocent VI. opposed by Charles Hus, Jan, assertor of Bohemian IV., 156, 157 language, 2 ; his birth and early Innocent VII, denounces \Vyclif, career, 176, 177; his services 181 to Bohemian language, 177 ; his Italy, Vladislav's share in invasion opposition to attacks on \Vyclif, of, 59-(>1 ; Charles IV,'s feeling 178, 181, 212; his admiration towards, 148-151 for Wydif, _ 180; appealed Ivancice (Eibenschiitz), school at, against, to Zajic, 182; rebuked 422 ; meetiftg of nobles at, 434, by Wenceslaus, 184 ; illness of, 188; unjust charges against, 435 189, 206, 208, 212, 218, 219; } appeals to Pope against Zajic, 193 ; summoned to Rome, 193, James I. of England,474 194; excommunicated, 193; Jakaubek of Kladrau demands re protected by Wenceslaus, 22] ; formation of clergy, 202, 20] ; denounces' crusade against preaches granting of Cup to Naples, 195, lQ6; denounces laity, 208; his answer about sale of indulgences, lQ6, 197, religious wars, 241 ; his share 199,200 ; change in his position, in discussion with Taborites, 197; retires from' Prague, 202 ; 269; altitude towards heresy, writes his book, "De Ecclesia," 270; draws up articles for 202, 203 ; safe conduct of, 204, government of clergy, 274; 207, 209, 211, 219; his arrest retires before przibram, 283 and imprisonment, 206-8; his Janovic, lords of, their treatment 1etters tp his friends, 205, 208, by Ferdinand, 3840 385 216; his attitude towards Com Jaromir, his relations vyith Vrati munion in both kinds, 208, 217, slav, 45-7 221; examination of, by Council, Jerom, first appearance in Re 211-18; circumstances of his formation, 198, 199; his Im death, 218-22; legends about, prisonment at Constance, 210; note ,to 220; difference of Hus's 'feeling lI;bout him, 210; 520 iNDEX. his persecution and recantation, Charles of France, 126, 127; 225 ; his final hearing and death, suspicions of his son, 127 ; cir 225,226 cumstances of, his death, 129 Jenstein, John of, Archbishop of John, brother of Charles IV., 146, Prague, his relations with king, 147 165-67; Pope, 167 John XXII., Pope; 126 Jesuits, rise of, in Bohemia, 402 ; John XXIII" excommunicates theil' relations to Augusta, 403, Hus, 193; proclaims crusade 404 ; their attitude towards Art, against Naples, 195 ; organises 418; their struggles with sale of indulgences, 195, 196; . brotherhood, 418-24; their in his flight from Rome, 204; his fluence over Ferdinand II., 462, promise to .Hus, 205; his 465; triumph of, under Ferdi apology for Hus's arrest, 207; nand, 484, 491 ; influence of, on his crimes, flight, and deposi their pupils, SOl, 502; dissolu tion, 209 tion of, in eighteenth century, John, Bishop of Prague, his trial 499' . for heresy, 126, 127 Jews, policy of Ottakar to, 1a6; John of Ragusa, his attacks on treatment of, by Jenstein, 166 Utraquists, 302 Jihlava, liberties of, 78; resistance John, Duke of Gorlitz, helps of, to George, 331, 338; taken Wenceslaus, 170, 171 ; circum by Thurn, 471 stances of his death, 171 . . J oachimsthal, peculi,!r privileges John of Milheim founds Bethle of,395 hem chapel, 175 Joan of Are, 286, 287 Joseph I., his desire for reform, Jodok of Moravia; cousin of 498 • Wenceslaus IV., 170, 172 Joseph II., double charader of his John of Zeliv, his fiery sermon, reforms, 499-500; his emanci 232 ; his demand~ after Ziikov pation of peasantry, 500, 501 Hora battie, 264; his relations Judith, Bracislav's Queen, her with the nobles, 271; his final marriage, 37; her banishment, tyranny, 273 ; circumstances of 43 his death, 277- towns, 362; their independent 315-17 ; Peter of Ch~ll!ic sum position, 395-6 moned to, 344; resistance of, to Kolin, 308 Ferdinand II., 487 KOln, city, rights of, defended by Rudolf, 101 L KOln, Archbishop of, his friendship Ladislaus, King of Hungary, in for OUakar II., 90; goes over vades Bohemia, 9Q; invades to Rudolf, 91; turns against Austria on' behalf of Rudolf, 103 Rudolf, 101 Ladislaus, King of Naples, his Koln, Archbishop of, in time of struggle with John XXIII., 195 Rudolf II., his ideas of war, Ladislaus, King of Poland, his 448,449 struggle against Albert of Komenski (sec Comenius) Austria, 312-14 Koniginhof (sec Kralove Dviir) Ladislaus I., son of Albert, Koranda, his challenge to Przi- accepted as King of Bohemia, bram, 317; compelled to submit 3I.t; dispute as to his guardian, to Rokycana, 321 ; his embassy 315-18, 320; circumstances of to Pope, 333 his reign, 323-5 Korybut, 278, 280, 282 Ladislaus II., his relations with Kostka, of Postupic, 349, 356, 359 the Brotherhood,347,355,357-9 Kostel, first use of, in Bohemia, 8 Latin language, triumph of, 491 ; Kovar, his discoveries, 50S, 506 Comenius's reforms in, 491-3 Krajek, Conrad of, zeal for (see also" Slavonic ritual ") Brotherhood, 380-4 Lanczo,46 Krajek, Ernst of, 401, 402 Land Court of Moravia, import Krajek, Members of House of, ance of, 431, 434 419-21 Land Court of Bohemia, Ferdi Kdlove Dv6r (Koniginh of), school nand's treatment of, 489, 490 at, 501 ; MSS. f{lund at, 504-6 Lausitz, dispute between Bo Krasa, burning of, 249 hemia and Saxony, 34 ; secured Krivokliit (Ptirglitz), 393, 398, 404 to Bohemia by Ferdinand II., Krumau (sce Krumov) 64 Krumov, influence of Rosenbergs Laws, Charles's code of (st"e also in, 170; Jesuit College at, 421, Charles IV., Zupa, Towns) 423; seized by Leopold, 450; Leopold, Archduke, his character supports Ferdinand II., 468 and policy, 447-11; his Passau Kunigunda, daughter of Bela, 86 ; insurrection and its results, marries OUakar II., 87; re 449-52 proaches him with yielding to Leopold, Margrave of j\ustria, Rudolf, 100; calls in Otto, 108 ; defeated at Mailberg, 49, 65 kidnapped, 109 ; her second mar Leopold II., Emperor of Ger riage and its results, Il2 many, his reforms, 501; his Kutna Hora, its silver mines, II6, attitude to Bohemian language, 246; meeting between Hus and 50 3 Wenceslaus at, 184 ; cruelties at, Lev of Rozmital, his first rise and 246, 247; conflicts between fall, 363 ; his later tyranny, 369 ; miners and charcoal burners at, defied by Rosenberg, 371 ; his 252, 253: captured by Utra resistance to Louis, 372 ; bribed quists, 271; Sigismund's mas by Ferdinand, 373 sacre at, 276; rescued by Libusa, story of, 4-7 ; re-discovery Zilka, 277; Utraquist debate at, of MS. about, 50S INDEX. Lichtenstein, Carl von, his conver Bohemian Brotherhood, 382-4 : sion, 43[; relations of, with his friendship for Augusta, 3K3 j 2erotin, 435, 436; with Berka, his final advice to him, 3K7 434; made Duke of Tropp~u, Lutherans, tbeir tn:atment of 463, 464; approves Bohemian exiled' Brothers, 394, 395 i rising, 47[ rivalry of Brotherhood with, Lissa, Comenius at, 493 412, 414, 421 , 441 Lithuania, Duke of, his relations Lukas of Prague modifies doctrine with Bohemia, 271l of Brotherhood, 350, 351 i con Litomy~l, in time of Otlakar II., troversy of Luther with, 3M2 i H2, 1l3; persecution at, of arrest and imprisonment, 360 Brotherhood, 392; Jesuit in Lupus, 30.1 fluence in, 421 Luxemburg, House of, rivalry Litomygl, . Bishop of, his treat with Hapsburgs, 1I1l, 119 i ment of Hus, 2[[ ; opposed by jealous v felt towards, 172 is'''' Bohemian nobles, 2[[, 224 ; his atso Henry, John, Charles, attempt to suppress heresy, 224 : Sigismund his rejection as Bishop of Lyons, Council of, 97 Olmiitz, 226 . Lobkovic, fricnd of Hus, defends M Bohemian claims, 1114 Lobkovic, Chancellor of Rudolf Magdeburg, limit of old Slavonic II., his policy, 440, 444 State, 19 i centre of German Lobkovic, William of, throws culture, 29 ; Adalbert's connec Martinic out of window, 467 tion with, 30 i Municipal laws Lotika, his treatment by "'erdi of,72 nand II., 41l6, 4H7 Mainz, Archbishop Werner of, his Loket, privileges of, 395 relations with I{udo\f and Olta Lothar, Duke of Saxony, elected kar, 9[, 92, 102 ; Archhishop uf, Emperor, 52 ; his struggle with in John's time, 120-2 Bohemia, 53, 54' . Mansfcld, Count of, his relations Louis, grandson of Charles the to Bohemia, 477, 480, 411 3 Grcat, his struggles with the Margaret of Babenberg, her rela Bohemians, Il tions with Otlakar, MS, M6 Louis, of Bavaria, 12[, 122, 125, Margaretha Maulta~che, her rela 126, 129, q6, q7 tions with John and Louis, q6, Louis, son of above, 146-8 147 Louis, son of Ladi.laus, weakness Maria Theresa, her effect in Bo of his position, 362 ; his reforms, hemia, 4<)K, 499 36.1 i rdations of to Luthel'ans, Martin V., his e1edion a~ Pope, 364, 369; to Pa~ek, 369, 371, 229 ; his dissolution of Coundl, 372 ; cin:umstances of his dcath, 230 i his crusades against Bo 372. hemia, 249, 274, 280, 2NS, 2MIl; Ludmila, her influence on Wen his death, 2M!! ceslaus, 22 i murdcred by Dra M'lrtinic, 440, 441, 4"7 hOln!ra, 24 Matthias, King of Hungary, his Ludanic, Wenceslaus of, 3911-400 relations with George, 328, 32<), Luther, his feelings towards Hus, ~32, 337-40 i with .Ladislalls II., 364, 36S i his warnings to Utra 347 YUi.tH, 366 i his relations with Matthias of KUllwald, his attitude Gallus Cahera, 366-8 i with to Brotherhood, 350, 351 /-,"DEI. lbtthias "fH~. his relations Milk N in battle of Vysehrad, 266; opposed to deposition of Sigis Nations in the University of mund, 272 ; compelled to recant Prague, 134; struggles with Utraquism, 276 Germany and Bohemia, 161, Nobles of Poland, their protest 162, 178, 179, 183-88 against Hus's imprisonment, Neuhaus, Adam of, 321 207, 210 Nepomuc, John of, murder of, Niirnberg, Burgraf of (see Hohen 167, 173, 191 ; statue of, 486 zollern) Nicholaus of Pelhi'imov, 297, 301, 310, 321 . Nicholaus of Hus, his character o and influence, 227; helps to, Ogra (see Eger) found Tabor; 231 ; leads Tabo Oldrich, his' marriage, '37; his rite armies with Zizka, 243,; revival of Slavonic ritual, 37; defeats Ulrich of Rosenberg, first Bohemian Elector of the 254; his quarrels with Praguers, Holy Roman Empire, 48 265, 266; his share in battle 6ldl'ich, rival of Vladislav, 57 of Vysehrad, 266, 267; effect Oldrich of Znojem, 301 of his death, 269 Olmiitz, Tartars defeated near. Nobles, power of in Bohemia 75 ; relations of with George, from ,tenth to thirteenth cen 33 I, 338; its support of Rudolf, turies, 29, 30, 36, 46, 55, 59, 60, 446; supports Matthias, 459 64; how checked by rise of Olomouci (see Olmiitz) municipal liberties, 76, 79, 80 ; Opava, its connection with Kuni- resistance of to Vladislav, 55, gunda, 107, 109, 112 59 ; checked by Ottakar IL, 80 ; Ordeal by battle, 80, 142 resistance of to Wenceslaus II" Ordeal by fire, 142 II4-133; their struggle with Orphans, 282, 283 the towns, 120, 121 ; their rela Ottakar II" his claim on the tions with Henry of Lipa, 121, nobles, 80; his development of 125; resistance of to Charles town life, 78-81 ; his friendship IV" ,140, 141; their protest for the Pope, 81, 83, 84; his against Hus's imprisonment, attitude to monasteries, 81, 82 ; 207, 208 ; their charges against marriage, 85; his conquest of Council of Constance, 222 ; their Styria, 85, 86; acquires Carin attitude towards, Utraquist thia and Carniola, 87 ; his treat movement, 236, 237, 242; ment of Styrian nobles, 88; his differences of with Sigismund's feeling to German Empire, 89 ; German followers, 255; desire refuses Imperial crown, 90; for compromise with men of intrigued against by Archbishop, Pragu_e, 259 ; thl'!ir final struggle 91-3; protests against Rudolf's with Zizka, 280-2 ; their attitude election, 93-5; his reliance on towards the Brotherhood, 349, the towns, 99 ; his struggle with 351, 418:-21 (see also Kn,ights, Rudolf, 99-105; his rumoured Towns) return, I I I ; attempts to improve Nobles of Styria, resistance of to education, 133 ,Ottakar IL, 88, 98, 104 Otto, son of Henry the. Fowler, Nobles of Germany, their attacks 27 on the clergy, 157, 158 OUo, brother of Sobeslav, 53 Nobles of, Moravia, their share Otto Margrave of Brandenburg, INDEX. his treachery and tyranny, 108- 363 ; tyranny, 368-73'; his over 12; summons representatives of throw, 378 towns, 121 Peasantl-y of Bohemia, zeal for Oxenstierna, 496, 4CJ7 King Vladislav, 60 ; gradual loss of freedom, 68-70 i cruelties to, of Otto of Brandenburg, log, I [0; P Charles's concessions to, '42, 143 ; effect on, of Hussite wars, Palacky, Frantisek, his treatment 361,362; attitude of, to insurrec pf the Bohemian MS., 504, 506 ; tion, 473, 474, 476; their rising effect of his history, 506; his in 1680, 498 i rdieved by Maria p'olitical ideas, 508 Theresa, 499; emancipated by POllee, Stephen, defends Wyclif, Joseph 11.,,500, 501 i artistic 178; arrested, 184 i supports power of, 507, 508 indulgences, 197 i banished, Peasantry of France and Ger 203 i opposes Hus, 203, 206, many, risings of in the thirteenth 208, 2i5, 217 i persecutes Jerom, century, 154; risings of in the 225 fifteenth century, 293, 294 Paltram, burgomaster of Vienna, Pekel, Frantisek, his career, 501, 99, 103 ' 502 Pannonia, Methodius made arch Pernstein, protedor of Brother bishop of, 10 i Wiching, bishop hood, 356 ; (Vratislav) friend to of, IS; claims of Arnulf over, 16 Jesuits, 421 Papacy, relations of, with German PeSina'lesuit historian, 498 Empire, 48,49, 58, 62, 63, 64, 95 ; Peter 0 Rosenberg, his relations attitude of Vratislav towards, with George, 340 ; tries to pro 48,50; of OUakar II. to, 81, 86, teet Brotherhood, 360; his will, 93-95 i divisions in; 182, 183, 371 190, 204, 208, 209, 213, 214 Peter Vok, of Rosenberg, joins Paris, attractions of, to John, 126; Brotherhood, 423 ; chosen to Charles IV., 131, 132 (see also " Defender," 445 ; his advances University) to Christian, 455 Passau, treaty of, 400 ; the plot of, Petrarch, his relations to Charles 449-52 IV., 150, [51 Paul II., 33tH! Philibert, Bishop of Coutances, Pavlavsky, Stanislaus, Bishop of 308, 311 Olmiitz, 421, 422 Philip, Emperor of Germany, re Payne, Peter, his connection with lations to Pfemysl Otlakar I., 63 Bohemia, 262; relations with Philip of Carinthia, treatment of, Taborites and Calixtines, 262, by pr'emysl OUakar II., 87 297; draws up articles, 277; "Picard," meaning of, ISS .defends Wyclif, 284; takes lead Pilatici, IS in Utraquist controversy, 297 ; Pilsen, restored by Albert, 115; relations with Orphans, 297; Ziika's relations with, 247, 248 ; speech at Basel, 301 ; called on scene of religious discussion, to decide a question of doctrine, 285; siege of, by Procop, 303, 310; imprisoned and released, 303; resistance of, to George, 3'15, 316 ; final appearance, 316, 320 ; printing press establ.ished 317 ; takes refuge with Peter of at, 357; supports Ferdllland Chel~ic, 344 II., 468; seized and held by Pasek of Wrat, rise to power, Mans{eld, 477, 483 INDEX. Pisa, Council of, 182, 183, 190 Prague, University of (sec Univer Pius p., Pope, his relations with sity) CTeorge, 329, 330, 332-6 Pragu~, Four Articles of, 259, 265, Poetry, growth of, in Bohemia in 27 2 , 276, 283, 300-2, 307, 388 the sixteenth century, 416, 417 Premysl, first King of Bohemia, 6, 7 Poles, attitude of, to third crusad~, Pfemysl Ottakar I., his relations 280 with Empire, 63 ; with Frederick Poland, relations of with Bohemia, II. of Germany, 63, 64; with 29,32, 34-8, 43, lIS, II7 ; Ziika's clergy, 64 ; with the towns, 71,72 sympathy with, 227 ; settlement Pfemysl Ottakar II., his career as in, of Brotherhood, 394 'Margrave, 64; his conquest of Poland, King of, refuses Bohemian Austria, 65, 66 ; his accession crown, 278 (sec also Mesek, (see Ottakar IL) Bracislav, Sigismund, Gnesen, Premyslolrci, sketch of their &c.) career, 105, 106, Pontanus, Jesuit poet, 418 Prerov; 491 Porie, settlement of German work Press, censorship of, 461,484, 499, men in, 70, 71 500 Prachatice, influence of Rosen Press (printing, invention of) (see bergs in, 170; Hus and Ziika at Pilsen) , school at, 229 Procop, his victories, 282, 28]-, Prague, independent bishopric 285-89; his character, 297; claimed for, 28, 128; famine appearance of, at Basel, 297-300 ; in, 1 II ; t.reatment of, by Otto, struggle of, with nobles, 302, 109-12 ; opposition of, to John, 303 ; defeat and death, 304, 305 125; preachers of (sec Milic, Protestants, Maximilian lI.'s rela Conrad, Hus) ; overcl'owding of, tions with, 401, 409, 413 ; pre 136; Charles's ideal fOI-, 136, 137 j vented. by Dietrichstein, 431; abandoned by Gennans, 187; attitude of, in Austria, 433, 455, 'laid under interdict, 223 ; rela 456, 469,471, 476 ; rising of, in tions of, to Sigismund, 234, 235, Bohemia, 467-69; mistakes of 247 ; character of its Utraquism, their movement, 479-82 ; perse 237, 238 ; sieges of, 243, 255-60, cution of, by Ferdinand 11.,483- 266, 390, 451; tyranny of Lev '90; Joseph I1.'s treatment of, in, 363, 369, 371.372 ; national 499, 500 museum of, 503, 504 Prussia, annexation of, by Elector Prague, Bishops of (see Daniel, of Brandenburg, 153 Arnestus, Zajic, Jenstein, Roky pr-zibram, his first appearance, cana) 259; his advice about heresy, Prague; Castle of, Wenceslaus IV. '270 ; his attack on Wyclif, 283, imprisoned in, 170 ; betrayed by 284; his banishment from Cenek, 250 ; resists citizens, 252 ; Prague, 284; revival of his captured by Utraquists, 271; powt;r, 303, 308; his final imprisonment in, of Janovic, debate, 317 384; of Augusta, 393 Ptacek, his oppressions, 315 Prague, new town of, foundation Puchnic, treatment of, by Wen of, 136 ; its peculiar charader, ceslaus, 167 , 231 ; first rising in, 232 ; separation of from old town, R 377 ; centre of Budovec's move ment, 442, 443 Ramee, Col., 450 , 452 INDEX. Raudnice, Castle of, 166 Rosice, meeting at, 433 . Refonnation, causes of, in the Rostislav resists Frankish conver fourteenth century, 154-56 sion, 8 ; allied with Bulgarians, Regensburg, Yerman Archbishop 8 ; welcomes Cyril and Metho ric of, 8; its relations to dius, 10; deposed and blinded, Methodius, 12 II Regensburg, Bishop of, relations Riidiger, Ezrom, 422, 423 with SI. Wenceslaus, 24 Rudolf I., his charader and posi Rhine, Count Palatine of, sug tion, 92; his election as Emperor, gested as candidate for Emperor, 92; his relations with Ottakar, 91 ; joins alliance against Olta <)4, 95, 1~5; his position as kar, 92, 93; helps in his first conqueror, 107, 108 ; his treat defeat, 99 ment of Kunigunda, 107; of Rhine, Rupert, Count Palatine of, Wenceslaus, 10K, 110; his rela 172-74 . tions with the Pope, 97, 98 ; his Rhine, Frederick IV., Count Pala allies, 99, 102, 104; his town tine of, his relations with Zerotin, policy, 92,101, 102 ; his relations 445 with Austria, 97, 103 ; effed of Rhine,· Frederick V., Count Pala his death, 114; his fear of tine of (see Frederick, Winter Bohemian learning, 133 King) Rudolf, son of Albert, 117, 1I8; Richard of Cornwall, 86, 89 position of his widow, 121 Rienzi (sec Charles IV.) Rudolf II., Emperor of Germany, Rohac, rebellion of, 311 his encouragement of art, 415- Rokycana rouses people against. 18; his early policy, 415, 418, Korybut, 284; defends tran 421,424; causes of his changl", substantiation, 288 ; leads Utra 425-27; his struggle with quists in controversy, 296, 297 ; Moravia (sec Moravia and his speech at 'Basel, 300, 301 ; Zerotin); his struggles with opposed by Taborites, 303; Protestants of Bohemia, 437-46 ; difference of, from Ptzibram. his letter of Majesty, 446; his 306, 308; chosen Archbishop, final struggles and fall, 447-53 308 ; opposes Sigismund, 309; Ruppa, Wenceslaus of, President secures free discussion between of Provisional Government, 46K, Calixtines and Taborites, 315; 470,479,480 asserts his authority . over Rychnov (Hdchenau), 394, 501 Taborites, 321 ; friendship with George, 319 ; disliked by Ladis laus, 324; secures George's S election, 326; George's com promise about, 329; his sur Sabovsky, 489 render demanded, 339; his Sadlo, murder of, 277, 278 death, 340; his favour towards Sadova, 308 Peter of ChelCic, 344, 345; Safarik, Josef, 504, 506 subsequent persecution of Salzburg, bishops of, 17 Brotherhood, 345-47; destruc Salzburg, Archbishop of, 98 tion of his statue, 486 Saxony, relations of Bohemia with, -Roman Catholics (sec Catholics) 29; quarrels with Bohemia in Rosenberg, importance of their the tenth century, 34; its sup family, 168-70 (sec Henry, Ulrich, port of Henry Ill.'s invasion, 42 William, Peter, and Peter Vok) ~aJcony, Duke of, supports Sil"g- INDEX. fried of Anhalt, 92; marries cana ; 309 ; disgusts all pa'"ties, daughter of Rudolf, 93 310, 3 I I j rebellion against him, . Saxony, William of, his quarrel 311 ; his death, 311 with Bohemia, 318 j his claim to Sigismund, King of Poland, 363 throne of Bohemia, 325, 326; 330 Silesia, disputed about in tenth Saxony, John Frederick of, his century, 34 j secured to Bo struggle with Ferdinand, 389, hemia, 64 j invasion _ of -Bo 390 hemia by, 273, 315 j claimed by Saxony, Moritz' of, effect of his Duke of Saxony, 325 j resists action on Bohemia, 389, 400 King George, 331, 332 j :con Sazava, Monastery of, 37, 50; in cessions of, to Ferdinand, 375 ; eleventh and twelfth centuries, relations of, with Bphemia in ,69 ' Rudolf's time, 442, 446 j after Selidom, growth of, in fifteenth succession of Matthias, 457 j and sixteenth centuries, 361; rivalry of, with Moravia, 463, petition' against, 473, 476; 464 j supports Bohemia against Joseph's abolition of, 500, 501 Ferdinand, 471 Sigismund, enemy of the language, Slavata, 440, 441, 467 2 j joins nobles, 167, 168 ; per Slavery in Bohemia, 30, 6Q ' suades Wenceslaus to make him Slavomir, II his heir" 271 j imprisons Wen Slavonic feeling, I, 2 ceslaus, 174 ; offers to arbitrate, Slavonic ritual, its introduction, 194; election to the Empire, 10; German opposition to, 12- 203, 204; grants safe-conduct 16 j strong feeling for, in Bo to Hus, 204 ; his first appearance hemia, 3 ; Papal opposition to, at Constance, 208 ; his changes 28 ; its revival, 37 j suppressed about Hus, 208,209, 213, 214,216 j by Spitihnev,45; revived by revokes safe-conduct, 209 j re Vratislav, 50 j by Clement VI., bukes Council of Constance, 212 j 128 . attitude of nobles towards, 222 j Smetana, 508 , statement about Hus's death, Sobeslav, his struggle with Lothar, 224; his Turkish war, 233'; 53 j votes for Conrad, 54 j se conditions proposed to, by As cures succession to Vladislav, 54 sembly, 234, 235;. attitude to Sobeslav, later Duke, confirms wards, of various parties, 236; grant to Porie, 7 I demands on citizens of Prague, Soliman the Great, capture of 247; his frequent lying, 249 j Belgrade, 372 j victory at Mo his burning of Krasa, 249; hacs, 372 j siege of Vienna, appeals for first crusade, 252; 377, 378 sends help to Kutna Hora, 252, Sophia, friendship for Hus, 184. 253 ; flies before Taborites, 254 ; 192, 202 j appointed Regent, accepts terms of Praguers, 259 : 233 j her dependence on Sigis first coronation, '260, 261 j in mund, 235, 236 j supported by trigues, 265; renewed attacks Cenek, 242 j protected by Ul on Prague, 266 j answer to As rich, 243; holds meeting at sembly in 1421, 272; treatment Brunn, 247 of Moravian nobles, 266 j his 'Spitihnev, son of Borivoj, 22 battles at Kutna Hora, 276, 277 ; Spitihnev, son of Bracislav, per eagerness for, war with Bo secutes Germans, 43, 44 j hemia, 292; restored to the changes policy, 44 ; suppresses crown, 308 j ~uarrel with Roky- Slavonic ritual, 45 INDEX. Stanislaus, of Znojem defends Austria, 312, 315; their last Wydif, 1711; denounces tran dispute with Calixtines, 315-17 ; substantiation, 1110; arrested, their final O\'erthrow, 31<)--21; 18~; turns against WycHf and feeling of Brotherhood towards, Hus, 196, 197 ;' banished, 203 41I Stephen, St., 32 Tabor, OIiginal foundation of, 229, Stephen. son of Bela, 89 231; made military centre by Sternberg, Peter von, 248 2iika, 248, 249; capture of, by Sternberg, Caspar von, 502, 504 George, 320 ; seized by Leopold, Sternberg, Zdenek, 319. 334,337- 450 ; . conditional surrender of, 40 to Ferdinand, 484 Sternberg, Adam of, 441, 443, 467 Tartars (sec Ge\ilghis Khan) Slit ny, Thomas of, 161, 162, 255 Taus (sec Domazli~e) Styria, conquest of, by Ottakar, Teyn Church, importance of, 160, 86; rebellion in, 88, 98, 105; 284,486,487 Ferdinand's government of, 462 Thurn, Matthias von, his struggle Svatava,53 against Rudolf,441, 445 ; against Svatopluk of Moravia, his in Leopold, 451; against Ferdi trigues, p. II; becomes duke, nand II., 471, 472, 479; his II; his relations with Metha character, 4110 dius, 12-16; opposes Slavonic Tilly, General, attempt on Mora ritual, 12-14; patronage of vian liberty, 433, 434 ; share in Wiching, 15; struggle with conquest of Bohemia, 477-9 Arnulf, 16; estimate of, by Bo Tobias, Bishop of Prague, his hemian historians, 18, 21 ; ser patriotism, 110, Il2 vices to Moravia, 18; struggle Torture, use of, 80 with Hungary, 20; overthrow Towns of Bohemia, rise of, under and death, 21 ; legend about, 21 Premysl Ottakar I., 71-74; under Svatopluk of Bohemia, his mas Wenceslaus, 76-79; under sacre of Vrsovici, 51, 52 Pi'emysl Ottakar II., 80-83; German influence in, 70-1; T educational effect of their liberties, 79, 110; conflict of, Taborites, differences of, from Hus, with mon;Jl;tic privileges,III-!'13; 222 ; their character and organi effect of Tartar invasion on, 116 ; sation, 238, 239 ; their first march quarrels in, between Germans to Prague, 242, 243 ; theil' rough and Bohemians, 110; their claim treatment of Prague citizens, to representation in Assembly, ~53; their share in victory of 120, 121; their struggles with Zilka Hora, 257, 261; their the nobles, 361, 362 ; Matthias's Twelve Articles, 261, 262 ; their policy towards, 459; treatment savagery, 261, 267, 270; their of, by Ferdinand II., 490; by distrust of Sigismund, 262-64; Joseph II., 500 their chief point of difference Towns of Moravia raised into free from Calixtines, 269; their atti cities, 108; resistance of, to tude abOllt transubstantiation, George, 330, 338 270 ; their Twenty-four Articles, Towns of Germany, leagues of, 90 302; overthrown at Lipany, (see Rudolf of Hapsburg) 305; Sigismund's treachery to Trade, Ottakar's attitude towards, wards, 310; their revival in 81; Ferdinand's destruction of, ~tru~gle against Albert of 4117,491 35 530 INDEX. Transubstantiation attacked by Jesuit college, 484 (sec also Stanislaus, 180; defended by Nations,. Gennans) Zajic, 181; attitude of Hus to University of Wittenberg, moral wards, 180, 181, 214; denounced decline of, 414 (see also by Hauska, 270; defended by Augusta) . Taborites, 270, 271 ; opposed by University of Oxford, Jerom's Brothers, 345, 348 appearance at, 198 Transylvania, first conquest of, by University of Heidelberg, Jerom's Hungarians, 20; Rudolf IIo's appearance at, 198; liking of relations to, 425-28 ; Matthias's Brotherhood for, 414, 435 struggles against, 457, 458, 462 University of Paris, model of (SfC also Bethlen Gabor) Prague University, 132, 133; Tfeboil., influence on, of Rosen Jerom's appearance at, 198, 199 bergs, 170; Protestant meeting University of Bologna, gives at, 456 some hints to Prague Univer Trier, Archbishop of, 90, 102 sity, 133 j denounces burning Troppau, dispute about, 463, 464 of Wyclif's books, 193 Tschernembl, George Erasmus Urban IV., Pope, sanctions Otta von, leads Austrian _Protestants, 'kar's marnage with Kunigunda, 433 ; his attitude to Zerotin, 433, , 87 455; to Matthias, 455, 456; to Urban VI., relations of, with Ferdinand, 471 ; to the serfs, Wenceslaus IV., 164 476; in the final struggle, 479 Utraquism, first hint of; 174; first Turks, struggles with, 330, 335, introduction of, by Jakaubek, 372, 376, 378, 380, 407, 415 208; denounced by Bishop of Tyrol, Charles's invasion of, 146, Litomysl, 21 I ; condemnation of, Tyeho Brahe, his influence on by Council of Constance, 216, Rudolf, 416, 426, 427 (sec 217 ; denounced by Archbishop Meinhard, Margaretha) of Prague, 223; championship of, by King George, 333, 334; movement compared with Puritan, 341; decline of its U influence, 408, 409; demands for by Budovec and his friends, Ulrich of Carinthia, 87 444,446 Ulric of Rosenberg, his relation Vtraquists, their difference from with Cenek, 241 ; his grounds Hus, 221; their disregard of of opposition to Utraquists,242 ; the interdict, 223; Wenceslaus's his defeat, 254 ; returns to Utra attitude towards, 223, 224; first quists, 271 ; again joins Sigis debate of with Catholics, 259; mund, 278 ; sows .division, 291, divisions among, 226, 227, 253, 3J 7 268, 269; their feelings towards Ulric of Znojem (sec Oldi;ch) Council of Basel, 291--4; arnval Universities, proposed arbitration of representatives at Basel, 297, by, 448,449 298; persecution of by Sigis University of Prague founded by mund, 309--11; their relations Charles, 133-34, 137 ; its treat with George, 326, 335 j with ment of Wyclif's works, 17S the Brotherhood, 348, 355, 359, lSI; attitude towards Brother 384, 386, 391; with Luther, hood, 347, 348; claim of Pro 364-t>8; their later attitude testants over, 444 j turned into towards Compacts of Basel, j ------.~ 1 b .1"es·I.<"st'a~n'ce· ItJl.or~EX. 53 f capture of by tiika, 2.p ; sur· ->-91 rendered to queen, 244; resists ~ ..1HS . Cenek, 250; struggles of Vtra· JFel~ V quists about, 264-67 vacl;~\see Wenceslaus) Vladislav, his accession to the W throne, 55 ; his reforming zeal, Waldenses,· their relations witll 55; his struggle against the Brotherhood, 411 nobles, 56, 57, 60; his alliance Waldhauser (Sf<' Conrad) with the German Empire, 57, Waldstein, HaSek of, 279 58; his relations with Bar Wars, religious, early protest barossa, 57, 61, 62 ; his exalta against, 241 tion to the regal title, 59 Wars, Hussite, ultimate effect of. Vladislav, son of Wenceslaus I., 361; attitude of Brotherhood 65,66 to, 342, 352, 428-30 Velke Mesir-ici, school at, 422 Wenceslaus, St., influenced b~ Victor the Chronicler, his attacks Ludmila, 24 ; inability to resist on Ottakar II., 88 heathen reaction, 24; good and Vienna, growth of, under Ottakar bad points in his character, 24- II., 85; capture of, by Rudolf, 26 ; desires to become a monk. 99; conspiracy in, 103 ; besieged 25 ; his death, 26; attitude ot by Soliman, 378; proposed Emperor towards him, 26 assembly at, 407 ; besieged by honour done to his memory. Thurn, 471, 472 ; growth of its 28; appealed to at the battlt power under Ferdinand, 490 of Chlum, 53; offer of royal Vilegrad, convent of, 82 title to, 58 ; his tomb rifled b) Vitkovici, 168, 169 Germans, 109 Vodnian, 384 Wenceslaus, treaty of, in 1517,36: Vojtech .(see Adalbert) Wenceslaus I., King of Bohemia Vratislav, son of Boi'ivoj,.22-24 resistance of nobles to, 64 ; re· Vratislav, son of Braeislav, re- sistance of, to Ghengis Khan verses Spitihnev's policy, 45; 75; relations of with Austria appoints Saxon bishop, 46; 65, 84; encouragement of to\W opposes his brothers, 46; his life by, 76, 78 . relation with Hildebrand, 47 ; \Venceslaus II., treatment of, bJ his alliance with Henry IV., 48, Rudolf, 107 ; by Otto, 109, I II 49 ; his encouragement of trade his return to Bohemia, 112 and culture, 50; becomes king, marriage, 113 ; his relation will 49 ; revives Slavonic ritual, 50 ; Zavis, 113, 114; his war will resistance td his policy, 46, 50 ; Poland, I IS; relations wit! his grant of liberties to' Porie, Albert of Austria, I q.-I6; hi, claims on Hungary, 115, 116 70 Vrsovici, their position and cha his resistance to the Pope, 116 racter, 29, 30; opposition to attempts to promote education Adalbert, 30-32; attitude to 133 Boleslav 111.,36; massacre by Wenceslaus 111., his character ane Svatopluk, 51 death, 116, 117 VYSehrad, Pfemysl's boots at, 7 Wenceslaus IV. contrasted witl meeting .of nobles in, 54 Charles, 163; effects of hi Catholic pilgrimages to, 223 (aqlts, 16-+-J70 ; policy. towjlrd 532 INDEX. \ the Pope,. 164, IS2-S4; towards Wittenberg (see irt. 484 (see; King of France, 164; towards Wittingau (sec Ti'ebol'<) clergy, 165-67, 173, 184, 189, Wlitawa (sec Moldau) . "erg, . 190, 199, 223, 224 j treatment of Wyclif, his relations \Vser Bo- Archbishop of Prague, 165-67 j hernia, 177, 178; Hus's feelings his murder of John of Nepomuc, towards, ISO, 181, 212; deci- 167; his treatment of nobles, sion of Bohemian nation about, 168-70 j made prisoner by 181 ; attacks of Pi'zibram upon, them, 170, 171 j his relation 283, 2S4 with his brother John, 171; with Sigismund, 171, 174, 194, Z 203, 204, 223, 224 ; opposition to him in German Empire, 172- ZajiC (Zbynek), Archbish~p of 174 ; his second imprisonment Prague, 179 j condemns ''''y and escape, 174; his attitudll c1if's works, 181 ; resists \\'en towards Council of Pisa, 182~ ceslaus, 183 j burns Wyclif's 184 ; resistance of Germans to, books, 193 j again attacked by 185-S7 j uncertain attitude to King, 194 j his death, 194 wards Reformation, IS4,19O, Zapolya, 376 192, 197, 199, 202, 223, 224; Zatek,274 sanction' to increase in Bo Zavis of Falkenstein, his connec hemian votes, 185 j enforcement tion with Kunigunda, 112 j final . of decree, IS7 j violence against intrigues and death, 113 supporters of Gregory XII., &c., Zbornik, John, 384,385 189, 190 j protects Hus against Zdik, Bishop of OlmUtz, 55 John XXII!., 194; sanctions' Zelena Hora, discoveries at, 505, the Bull in favour of the cru 506, 50S . sade, 197 j his suspicions of Zerotin, John of, defends Brother Nicholaus and Zizka, 227-29 j hood against Ladislaus, 358 his attempted compromise, 230 j Zerotin, Frederick of, protects' his demand for surrender of RUdiger, 423 . arms, 230 j his deposition of Zerotin, Charles of, influence on Town Councillors, 231 j cir him of Brotherhood, 428-30 j cumstances of death, 232, 233 his relations with Henry of Na Wenceslaus of Duba, his protec varre, 430 ; driven from office, tion of Hus, 204, 212; his last 432; relations of, with Hun advice to Hus, 217 j leads Catho garians and Austrians, 432, 433 ; lic party, 236 j makes terms with Christian of Anhalt, 435 ; with Zizka, 248 j heads embassy dislike of religious wars, 436; to Si.gismund, 252 j defeated at. eagerness for alliance with PorClc, 253 Moravia, Hungary, and Austria, Werner (sec Mainz) 436, 456, 464 ; his able govern Westphalia, peace of, Comenius's ment in Moravia, 4$4, 455 ; his discontent at, 497 quarrel with Khlesl, 457,458; Wiching, his struggles against his opposition to Matthias, 459, Methodius, 15. 16 463; his loyalty to House of William of Holland, 66, 89 Hapshurg, 461, 469; his desire William of Rosenberg, his favour for Moravian independence, to Jesuits. 41S ; his persecution 460; his resignation of cap of Brothers, 421 j effect of his taincy of Moravia, 464 j opposes ~eath, 423 Bolll;lpian rising, 469, 471 ; hi~ 533 /( wards Callxfines, 267; ques. I~'~l\';;;'~ ~ ,,~/. tionable conduct at Ri~a, 268 ; 0'/'\", /. .1 ddt!ats men of lIh:isst!n, 274; ~iika 01 ~/ ' , .. s!' 'i • 1'0les, frightens away crusaders, 274 ; 227 ; !ll. , •• ell- ius, 229 ; surrounded at Kuhta Hora, 276 ; scene Iwith ' .us, 230; finally defeats Sigism,md, 277 ; his Sh~h.r(eSistance .. K of 1419, his final struggle with nohlt!s, 23 I, 2 2 allny _,,[e of his cha 280-82; his death and its rader, 2:f,>Co~,J ; his capture of effect, 282, 283; his dust dug Vy!it:htad, 242,243 ; of the small UP,4~6 divisioh of Prague, 243; his Znaym (sec Znojem) vidory\ at Sudomir, 248, 249; Znoje111, scene of Sigismund's burns monks alive, 250; defeats dt!ath, 3II; relations of with Wenceslaus of Duba, 253 ; his King George, 331, 338 share in the battle of Ziikov :lupa, early importance of, 68' Hora, 257, 258; moderation to- decline of, 69 THE GRESHAM PRESS, UNWIN BROTHERS, WOKING At\D LONDO!".