James R. Palmitessa (Ed.): Between Lipany and White Mountain
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Was the Bohemian Reformation a Failure?
Was the Bohemian Reformation a Failure? Phillip Haberkern (Boston) Introduction Among the twenty monumental canvases that comprise Alfons Mucha’s Slav Epic, one stands out for its decidedly funereal tone.1 In the centre of the mas- sive painting, an elderly man is depicted slumped over in a chair, gazing at the slate gray North Sea off the coast of Naarden, a town in the Netherlands. In the left foreground of the picture, a huddled group of refugees is presided over by a man standing with his arms raised and head bowed, as if in prayer. The composition is bookended by two bedraggled strings of people walking towards the centre of the frame. Dark clouds threaten overhead, and a few windblown clumps of seagrass represent the only signs of life. The title of the painting is The Last Days of Jan Amos Komenský, and it depicts the final resting place of the last bishop of the Czech Unity of Brethren. Symbolically speaking, though, the scene portrayed in this canvas seems to represent the burial plot of the entire Bohemian reformation. Amidst all the visible markers of desolation that populate this canvas, how- ever, there is a small, lit lantern visible to the left of the seated Komenský. A few crouching individuals are turned towards it, and this source of light provides the painting with its subtitle: A Flicker of Hope. At first glance, this subtitle seems paradoxical, as the broken man and his followers seem entirely bereft of this cardinal virtue. The emphasis on hope, however, reflects an interpreta- tion of the Bohemian reformation and its ostensible end in the aftermath of the Battle of White Mountain that was quite characteristic of Czech culture at the turn of the twentieth century. -
Thirty Years War Manual
Thirty Years War Historical Annex 1.0 Thirty Years War Historical Annex (Version 1.0 for Thirty Years War 1.00) Thirty Years War © - Copyright 2015. All Rights Reserved Headquarter SL and AGEOD Thirty Years War Historical Annex 1.0 Intro This Annex just pretends to give some light into the game as well as in its historical environment. Several countries/states will be represented here: Austria, Bavaria, Bohemia, Brandenburg, France, England, Saxony, Spain, United Provinces, Denmark, Sweden.. Thirty Years War © - Copyright 2015. All Rights Reserved Headquarter SL and AGEOD Thirty Years War Historical Annex 1.0 Table of Contents AUSTRIA ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Historical info .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Game info ................................................................................................................................................ 5 BAVARIA........................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 Historical info ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Game info ................................................................................................................................................ -
Framing the History of Early Modern Bohemia
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88929-2 - Converting Bohemia: Force and Persuasion in the Catholic Reformation Howard Louthan Excerpt More information Introduction A tale of two windows: framing the history of early modern Bohemia Surveying the religious landscape of seventeenth-century Europe, the per- ceptive observer would find few regions where events unfolded as dramat- ically as Bohemia. After the pivotal battle of White Mountain in 1620,a revitalized Catholic church led an aggressive program of reconversion that completely transformed the kingdom’s confessional identity. This book examines that transformation. The religious strife of the seventeenth cen- tury, however, had a long history. Over 200 years of confessional conflict had a profound effect in shaping the Catholic response of the seventeenth century. White Mountain and its aftermath were in many respects the final act of a drama that had begun two centuries earlier. On 30 July 1419 many of the Prague faithful rose early and gathered at the church of St. Mary of the Snows to hear the popular but increasingly radical Hussite priest, Jan Želivský. Though little is known of Želivský’s past, this charismatic figure evidently arrived in Prague in the heady years following the 1415 execution of the great progenitor of Bohemia’s first Reformation, 1 Jan Hus. Želivský initially served the parish of St. Stephen’s in New Town, but a royal decree intended to suppress the new heretical movement deprived him of this post. Allying himself with Prague’s urban poor, Želivský moved to the nearby church of St. Mary’s and solidified his reputation with this constituency through his inflammatory rhetoric aimed at the city’s secular and spiritual authorities. -
Stratagem. PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 26P
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 469 400 SO 031 892 AUTHOR de Rosa, Peter L. TITLE Stratagem. PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 26p. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Conflict Resolution; *Educational Games; Higher Education; *History Instruction; *International Relations; Introductory Courses; *Simulation; Student Educational Objectives; Undergraduate Study IDENTIFIERS Scenarios ABSTRACT "Stratagem" is an abstract simulation of international conflict. The player controls a country in a specific historical period and uses its resources to accomplish certain objectives. Victory points are earned by reaching these objectives. The player with the most victory points at the end of the game wins. The game is designed for large, introductory history courses at the college level, and is suitable for students who have no experience in this type of activity. Historical simulations illustrate the role of hindsight in studying the past. Students assume the role of historical figures and attempt to solve the kinds of problems their counterparts faced. Game techniques allow players to manipulate this model to explore decision-making alternatives and gather information. The paper considers 11 elements: (1) "Introduction"; (2) "How to Start Play"; (3) "How to Play"; (4) "Resource Factors"; (5)"Conflict Resolution"; (6) "Presence"; (7) "Diplomacy"; (8) "How to Win"; (9) "Notes";(10) "Optional Rules"; and (11) "Optional Combat System." The paper provides an example of play, an instructor's guide, and four historical scenarios with instructions.(BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Stratagem. Peter L. de Rosa N 00 1-4 O CI) PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND U.S. -
Holy Roman Empire
WAR & CONQUEST THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 1 V1V2 WAR & CONQUEST THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 CONTENT Historical Background Bohemian-Palatine War (1618–1623) Danish intervention (1625–1629) Swedish intervention (1630–1635) French intervention (1635 –1648) Peace of Westphalia SPECIAL RULES DEPLOYMENT Belligerents Commanders ARMY LISTS Baden Bohemia Brandenburg-Prussia Brunswick-Lüneburg Catholic League Croatia Denmark-Norway (1625-9) Denmark-Norway (1643-45) Electorate of the Palatinate (Kurpfalz) England France Hessen-Kassel Holy Roman Empire Hungarian Anti-Habsburg Rebels Hungary & Transylvania Ottoman Empire Polish-Lithuanian (1618-31) Later Polish (1632 -48) Protestant Mercenary (1618-26) Saxony Scotland Spain Sweden (1618 -29) Sweden (1630 -48) United Provinces Zaporozhian Cossacks BATTLES ORDERS OF BATTLE MISCELLANEOUS Community Manufacturers Thanks Books Many thanks to Siegfried Bajohr and the Kurpfalz Feldherren for the pictures of painted figures. You can see them and much more here: http://www.kurpfalz-feldherren.de/ Also thanks to the members of the Grimsby Wargames club for the pictures of painted figures. Homepage with a nice gallery this : http://grimsbywargamessociety.webs.com/ 2 V1V2 WAR & CONQUEST THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 3 V1V2 WAR & CONQUEST THE THIRTY YEARS WAR 1618-1648 The rulers of the nations neighboring the Holy Roman Empire HISTORICAL BACKGROUND also contributed to the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War: Spain was interested in the German states because it held the territories of the Spanish Netherlands on the western border of the Empire and states within Italy which were connected by land through the Spanish Road. The Dutch revolted against the Spanish domination during the 1560s, leading to a protracted war of independence that led to a truce only in 1609. -
The Thirty Years' War: Examining the Origins and Effects of Corpus Christianum's Defining Conflict Justin Mcmurdie George Fox University, [email protected]
Digital Commons @ George Fox University Seminary Masters Theses Seminary 5-1-2014 The Thirty Years' War: Examining the Origins and Effects of Corpus Christianum's Defining Conflict Justin McMurdie George Fox University, [email protected] This research is a product of the Master of Arts in Theological Studies (MATS) program at George Fox University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation McMurdie, Justin, "The Thirty Years' War: Examining the Origins and Effects of Corpus Christianum's Defining Conflict" (2014). Seminary Masters Theses. Paper 16. http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/seminary_masters/16 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Seminary at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Seminary Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. A MASTER’S THESIS SUBMITTED TO GEORGE FOX EVANGELICAL SEMINARY FOR CHTH – 571-572: THESIS RESEARCH AND WRITING DR. DAN BRUNNER (PRIMARY ADVISOR) SPRING 2014 BY JUSTIN MCMURDIE THE THIRTY YEARS’ WAR: EXAMINING THE ORIGINS AND EFFECTS OF CORPUS CHRISTIANUM’S DEFINING CONFLICT APRIL 4, 2014 Copyright © 2014 by Justin M. McMurdie All rights reserved CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 PART 1: THE RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL BACKGROUND OF THE THIRTY YEARS’ WAR 6 Corpus Christianum: The Religious, Social, and Political Framework of the West from Constantine to the Reformation 6 The Protestant Reformation, Catholic Counter-Reformation, and Intractable Problems for the “Holy Roman Empire of the -
Europa's Bane Ethnic Conflict and Economics on the Czechoslovak Path from Nationalism to Communism, 1848-1948 Mathias Fuelling Utah State University
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2016 Europa's Bane Ethnic Conflict and Economics on the Czechoslovak Path From Nationalism to Communism, 1848-1948 Mathias Fuelling Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Fuelling, Mathias, "Europa's Bane Ethnic Conflict and Economics on the Czechoslovak Path From Nationalism to Communism, 1848-1948" (2016). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 4724. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4724 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EUROPA’S BANE ETHNIC CONFLICT AND ECONOMICS ON THE CZECHOSLOVAK PATH FROM NATIONALISM TO COMMUNISM, 1848-1948 by Mathias Fuelling A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Approved: ________________ Tammy Proctor __________________ Major Professor Jonathan Brunstedt Committee Member ______________ ________________ Tammy Proctor Evelyn Funda Committee Member Committee Member __________________________________ Dr. Mark McLellan Vice President for Research and Director of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2016 ii Copyright © Mathias Fuelling 2016 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Europa’s Bane Ethnic Conflict and Economics on the Czechoslovak Path from Nationalism to Communism, 1848-1948 by Mathias J. Fuelling, Master of Arts Utah State University, 2016 Major Professor: Dr. Tammy Proctor Department: History Nationalism has appropriately been a much studied, as well disparaged, phenomenon. -
The 30 Years' War (1618-48) and the Second Defenestration of Prague
23 May 2018 The 30 Years’ War (1618-48) and the Second Defenestration of Prague Professor Peter Wilson Introduction The Thirty Years War was a struggle over the political and religious balance in the Holy Roman Empire (early modern Europe’s largest state). It began precisely 400 years ago today with the famous Defenestration of Prague 1618 when three Habsburg officials were thrown out of a window in Prague Castle. Led by Heinrich Matthias Thurn, a party of disgruntled Bohemian aristocrats forced their way into the meeting chamber of the Habsburg councillors who governed Bohemia for the monarch, the ailing Emperor Matthias, who was away in Vienna. Finding most of their targets also absent, the angry Bohemians seized two of the councillors, Vilem Slavata and Jaroslav Borita von Martinitz. After a short altercation, both were bundled out of the window before several of those present fully knew what was going on. The two were shortly followed by their secretary, Philipp Fabricius, whose pleas for mercy inadvertently attracted the attention of the more resolute of the Defenestrators. Despite some injuries, all three survived the fall, and Fabricius was able to escape to warn the authorities in Vienna (and was subsequently ennobled as von Hohenfall, or ‘of the high fall’, for this). This event opened what became the Thirty Years War which drew in virtually all the other European countries, either directly as belligerents, or indirectly supplying aid to one or other side. Spain, France, Denmark, Sweden, and Transylvania all intervened directly at least once. Britain, the Dutch Republic, Poland-Lithuania, the Ottoman Empire, the papacy and various Italian states all intervened indirectly, mainly by providing financial and military aid to one or more of the active belligerents. -
The University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire A
THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-EAU CLAIRE “Building an Empire: How Gustavus Adolphus Carried Sweden to the Forefront of European Politics” A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY CLARK A. FREDRICKSON EAU CLAIRE, WISCONSIN MAY 2011 Copyright for this work is owned by the author. This digital version is published by McIntyre Library, University of Wisconsin Eau Claire with the consent of the author. CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS iii ABSTRACT iv Introduction 1 1. A Vasa King 5 2. Gustavus Adolphus as a Young Ruler 8 3. The Threat of War 10 4. The Search for a Queen 13 5. Beginnings of Thirty Years’ War 15 6. The Polish Conflict, Continued 17 7. The Failure of a Swedish Protestant League 18 8. Danish Intervention in the Thirty Years’ War 21 9. A Swedish King in a Foreign Land 23 10. Destruction at Magdeburg 26 11. Victory at Breitenfeld 30 12. Death at Lützen 33 13. Aftermath 34 Conclusion 35 Bibliography 36 Appendix 41 ii ILLUSTRATIONS Figures: 1. Gustav Vasa 5 2. Gustavus Adolphus 8 3. Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg 14 5. 1630 Dresden Broadside 40 6. Swedish Intervention in Germany, 1630-1632 41 7. Thirty Years’ War, 1618-1648 42 8. Battle of Breitenfeld, Opening Attacks 43 9. Battle of Breitenfeld, Swedish Annihilation 43 10. Battle of Lützen, Main Formations 44 iii ABSTRACT This paper seeks to examine the political, religious and diplomatic impact of Gustavus Adolphus during his reign as King of Sweden (1611-1632). -
The Hussite Movement: a Forerunner of the Reformation Or Its First Phase?
PRZEGLĄD ZACHODNI 2018 JAROSŁAW NIKODEM Poznań THE HUSSITE MOVEMENT: A FORERUNNER OF THE REFORMATION OR ITS FIRST PHASE? In memory of Professor Stanisław Bylina In historiography, attempts at comparing or providing a common perspective on various distant events are undoubtedly needed. Often they provide valuable insights even if they evoke dispute;1 however, they should be approached with much caution. Most commonly, they are undertaken by authors who are not knowledgeable enough to competently discuss issues concerning different historical periods. This reservation also applies, perhaps in a particular way, to the author of this paper. This means that my observations are solely meant to draw attention to certain issues and to the exist- ence of hasty and sometimes unjustified historiographic judgements. The aforementioned pitfalls concern not only different historical periods, but also historians’ own interests. I fully share the reservations expressed by the late Jiří Kejř, a renowned expert on the life and work of Jan Hus and the history of the Hussite movement. He wrote that he could never understand why some historians writing about Hussitism referred to the crisis of feudalism and viewed Hussitism as the first phase of the bourgeois revolution or as a historical anomaly. Attempts to justify such claims, he argued, were doomed to failure, because primary sources would not sup- port them and far-reaching generalisations are typically unsafe. In this case, that par- ticularly applies to feudalism, which is difficult to define and had a number of forms.2 The question of what the relevance of the Hussite movement was to Protestantism3 1 Cf., e.g., A. -
Czech Contributions to the Progress of Nebraska
Czech Contributions to the Progress of Nebraska Editor Vladimir Kucera Co-Editor Alfred Novacek Venovano ceskym pionyrum Nebrasky, hrdinnym budovatelum americkeho Zapadu, kteri tak podstatne prispeli politickemu, kulturnimu, nabozenskemu, hosopodarskemu, zemedelskemu a socialnimu pokroku tohoto statu Dedicated to the first Czech pioneers who contributed so much to the political, cultural, religious, economical, agricultural and social progress of this state Published for the Bicentennial of the United States of America 1976 Copyright by Vladimir Kucera Alfred Novacek Illustrated by Dixie Nejedly THE GREAT PRAIRIE By Vladimir Kucera The golden disk of the setting sun slowly descends toward the horizon of this boundless expanse, and changes it into thousands of strange, ever changing pictures which cannot be comprehended by the eye nor described by the pen. The Great Prairie burns in the blood-red luster of sunset, which with full intensity, illuminates this unique theatre of nature. Here the wildness of arid desert blends with the smoother view of full green land mixed with raw, sandy stretches and scattered islands of trees tormented by the hot rays of the summer sun and lashed by the blizzards of severe winters. This country is open to the view. Surrounded by a level or slightly undulated plateau, it is a hopelessly infinite panorama of flatness on which are etched shining paths of streams framed by bushes and trees until finally the sight merges with a far away haze suggestive of the ramparts of mountain ranges. The most unforgettable moment on the prairie is the sunset. The rich variety of colors, thoughts and feelings creates memories of daybreak and nightfall on the prairie which will live forever in the mind. -
Saints in Armor ~ Playbook General Information: All Scenarios Throughout This Playbook Use the Following In- Formation
Tilly’s Battles in the early Thirty Years War PLAYBOOK Musket and Pike Battle Series, Volume VI White Mountain 1620 • Wimpfen 1622 • Höchst 1622, Fleurus 1622 • Stadtlohn 1623 • Lutter am Barenberge 1626 Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................... 2 Lutter am Barenberge...................................................... 35 White Mountain .............................................................. 6 Historical Notes .............................................................. 41 Wimpfen .......................................................................... 14 Dramatis Personae .......................................................... 44 Höchst ............................................................................. 19 Scenario Selection Guide ................................................ 48 Fleurus............................................................................. 25 Designers’ Notes ............................................................. 50 Stadtlohn ......................................................................... 29 Bibliography ................................................................... 52 GMT Games, LLC • P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 www.GMTGames.com 2 Saints in Armor ~ Playbook General Information: All scenarios throughout this Playbook use the following in- formation. Counters Color Codes: All leaders bear the same color as the nationality of the army or contingent they were in, not necessarily the color of their