Website There Is Limited Evidence That Cadmium Oxide Is a ( Teratogen in Animals
Right to Know
Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet
Synonyms: Cadmium Monoxide CAS Number: 1306-19-0 Chemical Name: Cadmium Oxide RTK Substance Number: 2200 Date: February 2008 Revision: January 2017 DOT Number: UN 2570
Description and Use EMERGENCY RESPONDERS >>>> SEE BACK PAGE Cadmium Oxide is an odorless, white powder or a red or Hazard Summary brown crystal. It is used in electroplating semi-conductors, Hazard Rating NJDHSS NFPA metal alloys, and batteries, as a catalyst, intermediate and HEALTH 4 - vermicide, and in making glass. FLAMMABILITY 0 - REACTIVITY 0 - CARCINOGEN POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE
Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; Reasons for Citation 4=severe Cadmium Oxide is on the Right to Know Hazardous Substance List because it is cited by OSHA, ACGIH, DOT, Cadmium Oxide can affect you when inhaled. NIOSH, NTP, DEP, IARC and EPA. Cadmium Oxide is a CARCINOGEN. HANDLE WITH This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance EXTREME CAUTION. List. Contact can irritate the skin and eyes. Exposure can irritate the nose and throat. Exposure to Cadmium Oxide may cause a flu-like illness called metal fume fever. Cadmium Oxide can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and SEE GLOSSARY ON PAGE 5. abdominal pain. Inhaling Cadmium Oxide can irritate the lungs. Higher FIRST AID exposures may cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs Eye Contact (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency. Repeated low exposures can cause liver and kidney Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 damage, anemia, and loss of sense of smell. minutes, lifting upper and lower lids. Remove contact lenses, if worn, while rinsing.
Skin Contact Workplace Exposure Limits Remove contaminated clothing and wash contaminated skin with soap and water. The following exposure limits are for Cadmium:
Inhalation OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit (PEL) is Remove the person from exposure. 0.005 mg/m3 averaged over an 8-hour workshift. Begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. NIOSH: Recommends that exposure to occupational Transfer promptly to a medical facility. Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed. concentration.
ACGIH: The threshold limit value (TLV) is 0.01 mg/m3 (as total 3 EMERGENCY NUMBERS particulate), and 0.002 mg/m (as the respirable Poison Control: 1-800-222-1222 fraction), averaged over an 8-hour workshift.
CHEMTREC: 1-800-424-9300 Cadmium Oxide is a CARCINOGEN in humans. There NJDEP Hotline: 1-877-927-6337 may be no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all National Response Center: 1-800-424-8802 contact should be reduced to the lowest possible level.
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Determining Your Exposure Cancer Hazard Cadmium Oxide is a CARCINOGEN in humans. There is Read the product manufacturer’s Material Safety Data evidence that Cadmium and Cadmium compounds cause Sheet (MSDS) and the label to determine product lung and prostate cancer in humans and lung cancer in ingredients and important safety and health information animals. about the product mixture. Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen. For each individual hazardous ingredient, read the New Jersey Department of Health Hazardous Substance Fact Reproductive Hazard Sheet, available on the RTK Program website There is limited evidence that Cadmium Oxide is a (http://nj.gov/health/workplacehealthandsafety/right-to- teratogen in animals. Until further testing has been done, it know/) or in your facility’s RTK Central File or Hazard should be treated as a possible teratogen in humans. Communication Standard file. Other Effects You have a right to this information under the New Jersey Cadmium Oxide can irritate the lungs. Repeated exposure Worker and Community Right to Know Act, the Public may cause bronchitis to develop with coughing, phlegm, Employees Occupational Safety and Health (PEOSH) Act and/or shortness of breath. if you are a public worker in New Jersey, and under the Repeated low exposures can cause liver and kidney federal Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) if you damage. are a private worker. Exposure can cause anemia, loss of sense of smell (anosmia), and/or discoloration of teeth. The New Jersey Right to Know Act and the PEOSH Hazard Communication Standard (N.J.A.C. 12:100-7) requires most employers to label chemicals in the Medical workplace and requires public employers to provide their employees with information concerning chemical hazards Medical Testing and controls. The federal OSHA Hazard Communication Before first exposure and every 12 months thereafter, OSHA requires your employer to provide (for persons exposed to Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) requires private employers greater than or equal to 0.0025 mg/m3 of Cadmium) a work to provide similar information and training to their and medical history and exam which shall include: employees. Blood test for Cadmium (levels should be less than This Fact Sheet is a summary of available information 5 micrograms per liter of whole blood) regarding the health hazards that may result from exposure. Urine test for Cadmium (levels should be less than Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other 3 micrograms per liter of urine) factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential Urine test for Beta-2 microglobulin to detect kidney damage effects described below. Liver and kidney function tests Lung function tests Complete blood count Health Hazard Information If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the Acute Health Effects following are recommended: The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur immediately or shortly after exposure to Cadmium Oxide: Consider chest x-ray after acute overexposure
Contact can irritate the skin and eyes. OSHA requires your employer to provide you and your doctor Exposure can irritate the nose and throat. with a copy of the OSHA Cadmium Standard (29 CFR Exposure to Cadmium Oxide may cause “metal fume 1910.1027 or 1926.1127). fever.” This is a flu-like illness with symptoms of metallic taste in the mouth, headache, fever and chills, aches, chest Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and tightness and cough. The symptoms may be delayed for present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for several hours after exposure and usually last for a day or damage already done are not a substitute for controlling two. exposure. Cadmium Oxide can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right Inhaling Cadmium Oxide can irritate the lungs causing to this information under the OSHA Access to Employee coughing and/or shortness of breath. Higher exposures may Exposure and Medical Records Standard (29 CFR 1910.1020). cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency, with severe shortness of breath.
Chronic Health Effects The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at some time after exposure to Cadmium Oxide and can last for months or years: CADMIUM OXIDE Page 3 of 6
Mixed Exposures Personal Protective Equipment Smoking can cause heart disease, lung cancer, emphysema, and other respiratory problems. It may worsen The OSHA Personal Protective Equipment Standard (29 CFR respiratory conditions caused by chemical exposure. Even if 1910.132) requires employers to determine the appropriate you have smoked for a long time, stopping now will reduce personal protective equipment for each hazard and to train your risk of developing health problems. employees on how and when to use protective equipment. More than light alcohol consumption can cause liver damage. Drinking alcohol can increase the liver damage The following recommendations are only guidelines and may caused by Cadmium Oxide. Cigarette smoke contains some Cadmium. Because it is not apply to every situation. hard for the body to eliminate Cadmium, it tends to build up in the body. Any workplace exposure adds to these levels. Gloves and Clothing Avoid skin contact with Cadmium Oxide. Wear personal protective equipment made from material which can not be Workplace Controls and Practices permeated or degraded by this substance. Safety Very toxic chemicals, or those that are reproductive hazards or equipment suppliers and manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove and clothing sensitizers, require expert advice on control measures if a less material for your operation. toxic chemical cannot be substituted. Control measures Safety equipment manufacturers recommend Nitrile and include: (1) enclosing chemical processes for severely Neoprene for gloves and DuPont Tyvek®, or the equivalent, irritating and corrosive chemicals, (2) using local exhaust as a protective material for clothing. ventilation for chemicals that may be harmful with a single All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) exposure, and (3) using general ventilation to control exposures to skin and eye irritants. For further information on should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. workplace controls, consult the NIOSH document on Control Banding at www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ctrlbanding/. Eye Protection Wear eye protection with side shields or goggles. The following work practices are also recommended: Do not wear contact lenses when working with this substance. Label process containers. Provide employees with hazard information and training. Respiratory Protection Monitor airborne chemical concentrations. Improper use of respirators is dangerous. Respirators Use engineering controls if concentrations exceed should only be used if the employer has implemented a written recommended exposure levels. program that takes into account workplace conditions, Provide eye wash fountains and emergency showers. requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing, and Wash or shower if skin comes in contact with a hazardous material. medical exams, as described in the OSHA Respiratory Always wash at the end of the workshift. Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134). Change into clean clothing if clothing becomes contaminated. Where the potential exists for exposure less than or equal to Do not take contaminated clothing home. 0.05 mg/m3 (as Cadmium), use a NIOSH approved air- Get special training to wash contaminated clothing. purifying, particulate filter respirator with an N100, R100 or Do not eat, smoke, or drink in areas where chemicals are P100 filter. being handled, processed or stored. Where the potential exists for exposure less than or equal to Wash hands carefully before eating, smoking, drinking, 0.25 mg/m3 (as Cadmium), use a NIOSH approved full applying cosmetics or using the toilet. facepiece air-purifying respirator with high efficiency filters. Where the potential exists for exposure less than or equal to In addition, the following may be useful or required: 1.25 mg/m3 (as Cadmium), use a NIOSH approved powered-air purifying respirator equipped with a tight-fitting Specific engineering controls are required for this chemical full facepiece and a high efficiency filter. by OSHA. Refer to the OSHA Cadmium Standard (29 CFR Leave the area immediately if (1) while wearing a filter or 1910.1027 or 1926.1127). cartridge respirator you can smell, taste, or otherwise detect Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust during clean- Cadmium Oxide, (2) while wearing particulate filters up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP. abnormal resistance to breathing is experienced, or (3) eye Use a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter when irritation occurs while wearing a full facepiece respirator. vacuuming. Do not use a standard shop vacuum. Check to make sure the respirator-to-face seal is still good. If it is, replace the filter or cartridge. If the seal is no longer good, you may need a new respirator.
Consider all potential sources of exposure in your workplace. You may need a combination of filters, prefilters or cartridges to protect against different forms of a chemical (such as vapor and mist) or against a mixture of chemicals.
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Where the potential exists for exposure over 5 mg/m3 (as Handling and Storage Cadmium), use a NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator Prior to working with Cadmium Oxide you should be trained with a full facepiece operated in a pressure-demand or other on its proper handling and storage. positive-pressure mode. For increased protection use in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing A regulated, marked area should be established where apparatus operated in a pressure-demand or other positive- Cadmium Oxide is handled, used or stored as required by pressure mode. the OSHA Cadmium Standard (29 CFR 1910.1027 or Exposure to 9 mg/m3 (as Cadmium) is immediately 1926.1127). dangerous to life and health. If the possibility of exposure Cadmium Oxide reacts violently with MAGNESIUM, above 9 mg/m3 exists, use a NIOSH approved self- ALUMINUM, and AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE, when contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated heated, to cause fires and explosions. in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode Cadmium Oxide explodes or ignites on contact with equipped with an emergency escape air cylinder. HYDRAZINIUM NITRATE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE;
HYDROGEN SULFIDES; and LITHIUM. Cadmium Oxide is not compatible with PHOSPHORUS; Fire Hazards SULFUR; SULFUR OXIDES; SELENIUM; and ZINC. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained Contact with ACIDS releases flammable and explosive Hydrogen gas. and equipped as stated in the OSHA Fire Brigades Standard Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated (29 CFR 1910.156). area.
Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Cadmium Oxide itself does not burn. POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, including Occupational Health Information Cadmium fumes. Resources Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Cadmium Oxide may ignite combustibles (wood, paper and The New Jersey Department of Health, Occupational Health oil). Service, offers multiple services in occupational health. These services include providing informational resources, educational materials, public presentations, and industrial hygiene and Spills and Emergencies medical investigations and evaluations. If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. The OSHA Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Standard (29 CFR For more information, please contact: 1910.120) may apply. New Jersey Department of Health If Cadmium Oxide is spilled, take the following steps: Right to Know Program PO Box 368 Evacuate personnel and secure and control entrance to the Trenton, NJ 08625-0368 area. Phone: 609-984-2202 Eliminate all ignition sources. Moisten spilled material first or use a HEPA-filter vacuum for Fax: 609-984-7407 clean-up. E-mail: [email protected] Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe Web address: manner and deposit in sealed containers. http://nj.gov/health/workplacehealthandsafety/right-to- Ventilate and wash area after clean-up is complete. know/ DO NOT wash into sewer.
It may be necessary to contain and dispose of Cadmium Oxide as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state The Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) or your are not intended to be copied and sold regional office of the federal Environmental Protection for commercial purposes. Agency (EPA) for specific recommendations.
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GLOSSARY
ACGIH is the American Conference of Governmental Industrial LEL or Lower Explosive Limit, is the lowest concentration of Hygienists. They publish guidelines called Threshold Limit a combustible substance (gas or vapor) in the air capable of Values (TLVs) for exposure to workplace chemicals. continuing an explosion.
Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) are established mg/m3 means milligrams of a chemical in a cubic meter of air. by the EPA. They describe the risk to humans resulting from It is a measure of concentration (weight/volume). once-in-a lifetime, or rare, exposure to airborne chemicals. A mutagen is a substance that causes mutations. A mutation Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance can is a change in the genetic material in a body cell. Mutations change its physical state from a liquid to a gas. can lead to birth defects, miscarriages, or cancer.
A carcinogen is a substance that causes cancer. NFPA is the National Fire Protection Association. It classifies substances according to their fire and explosion hazard. The CAS number is unique, identifying number, assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service, to a specific chemical. NIOSH is the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. It tests equipment, evaluates and approves CFR is the Code of Federal Regulations, which are the respirators, conducts studies of workplace hazards, and regulations of the United States government. proposes standards to OSHA.
A combustible substance is a solid, liquid or gas that will burn. NTP is the National Toxicology Program which tests chemicals and reviews evidence for cancer. A corrosive substance is a gas, liquid or solid that causes destruction of human skin or severe corrosion of containers. OSHA is the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which adopts and enforces health and safety DEP is the New Jersey Department of Environmental standards. Protection. PEOSHA is the New Jersey Public Employees Occupational DOT is the Department of Transportation, the federal agency Safety and Health Act, which adopts and enforces health and that regulates the transportation of chemicals. safety standards in public workplaces.
EPA is the Environmental Protection Agency, the federal Permeated is the movement of chemicals through protective agency responsible for regulating environmental hazards. materials.
ERG is the Emergency Response Guidebook. It is a guide for PIH is a DOT designation for chemicals which are Poison emergency responders for transportation emergencies Inhalation Hazards. involving hazardous substances. ppm means parts of a substance per million parts of air. It is a Emergency Response Planning Guideline (ERPG) values measure of concentration by volume in air. are intended to provide estimates of concentration ranges where one reasonably might anticipate observing adverse A reactive substance is a solid, liquid or gas that releases effects. energy under certain conditions.
A fetus is an unborn human or animal. STEL is a Short Term Exposure Limit which is usually a 15- minute exposure that should not be exceeded at any time A flammable substance is a solid, liquid, vapor or gas that will during a work day. ignite easily and burn rapidly. A teratogen is a substance that causes birth defects by The flash point is the temperature at which a liquid or solid damaging the fetus. gives off vapor that can form a flammable mixture with air. UEL or Upper Explosive Limit is the highest concentration in IARC is the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a air above which there is too much fuel (gas or vapor) to begin a scientific group. reaction or explosion.
Ionization Potential is the amount of energy needed to Vapor Density is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of remove an electron from an atom or molecule. It is measured one gas to the weight of another (usually Hydrogen), at the in electron volts. same temperature and pressure.
IRIS is the Integrated Risk Information System database The vapor pressure is a measure of how readily a liquid or a maintained by federal EPA. The database contains solid mixes with air at its surface. A higher vapor pressure information on human health effects that may result from indicates a higher concentration of the substance in air and exposure to various chemicals in the environment. therefore increases the likelihood of breathing it in.
Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet
Common Name: CADMIUM OXIDE Synonyms: Cadmium Monoxide CAS No: 1306-19-0 Molecular Formula: CdO RTK Substance No: 2200 Description: Odorless, white powder or a red or brown crystal HAZARD DATA Hazard Rating Firefighting Reactivity 4 - Health Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of Cadmium Oxide reacts violently with MAGNESIUM, surrounding fire. Cadmium Oxide itself does ALUMINUM, and AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE, when 0 - Fire not burn. heated, to cause fires and explosions. 0 - Reactivity POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, Cadmium Oxide explodes or ignites on contact with including Cadmium. HYDRAZINIUM NITRATE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; DOT#: UN 2570 Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers HYDROGEN SULFIDES; and LITHIUM. ERG Guide #: 154 cool. Cadmium Oxide is not compatible with PHOSPHORUS; Cadmium Oxide may ignite combustibles SULFUR; SULFUR OXIDES; SELENIUM; and ZINC. Hazard Class: 6.1 (wood, paper and oil). Contact with ACIDS releases flammable and explosive (Poison) Hydrogen gas.
SPILL/LEAKS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Isolation Distance: Odor Threshold: Odorless Spills: 25 meters (75 feet) Flash Point: Nonflammable Fire: 800 meters (1/2 mile) Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg at 1,832oF (1,000oC) Moisten spilled material first or use a HEPA-filter Specific Gravity: 8.15 (water = 1) vacuum for clean-up. Water Solubility: Collect powdered material in the most convenient Insoluble and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Boiling Point: 2,838oF (1,559oC) DO NOT wash into sewer. Melting Point: 1,652o to 1,832oF (900o to 1,000oC) Bioaccumulation may occur in plants and seafood. Molecular Weight: 128.4 Severe marine pollutant.
EXPOSURE LIMITS PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT OSHA: 0.005 mg/m3, 8-hr TWA Gloves: Neoprene or Nitrile NIOSH: Lowest feasible concentration Coveralls: DuPont Tyvek® 3 ACGIH: 0.01 mg/m , 8-hr TWA (total particulate) Respirator: >0.005 mg/m3 - APR with High efficiency filters 0.002 mg/m3, 8-hr TWA (respirable fraction) >0.05 mg/m3 - Supplied air IDLH: 9 mg/m3 (dust or fume) (All of the above are for Cadmium) PAC PAC-1 = 0.11 mg/m3; PAC-2 = 0.87 mg/m3; LEVELS: PAC-3 = 5.4 mg/m3
HEALTH EFFECTS FIRST AID AND DECONTAMINATION Eyes: Irritation Remove the person from exposure. Skin: Irritation Flush eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if worn. Inhalation: Nose, throat and lung irritation with coughing and shortness of breath Remove contaminated clothing and wash contaminated skin with soap and water. Nausea, vomiting, headache, fever and Begin artificial respiration if breathing has stopped and CPR if chills, aches and chest tightness necessary. Chronic: Cadmium and Cadmium compounds Transfer to a medical facility. cause lung and prostate cancer in humans Medical observation is recommended as symptoms may be delayed. January 2017