CPY Document
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PRODUCTION of VANILLIC ACID (SILVER, Oxide PROCESS) Irwin A
Patented Apr. 15, 1947 2,419,158 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PRODUCTION OF VANILLIC ACID (SILVER, oxIDE PROCESS) Irwin A. Pearl, Appleton, Wis., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Sulphite Products Corporation, - Appleton, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin No Drawing. Application January 12, 1944, Seria No. 517,985 8 Claims. (C. 260-521) 2 The present invention relates to the production About 300 parts of vanillic acid melting at 210 of vanillic and closely related acids, and to an 211 is obtained. - a improved process for producing acids derived by Ortho vanillin and syringaldehyde react in the oxidation from vanillin, Ortho-vanillin, and same way as the vanillin in Example I, with syringaldehyde. similarly high yields of completely transformed Most aldehydes may be transformed to the material. corresponding acids by common oxidizing agents If the treatment with solid sodium hydroxide or in the Cannizzaro reaction, but vanillin, Ortho warms the solution materially above 50° C., the vanillin, and Syringaldehyde are exceptions and vaniliin reacts as fast as it is added and the have been reported as not amenable to either temperature rises, but full completion of the reaction. Ordinary oxidizing agents either (1) action is assured by slight further heating. I have no action on the compound or (2) act as have secured good results with final temperatures dehydrogenating agents, and yield the dehydro of 75° to 85, but higher temperatures are dicompound or (3) cause complete decomposition. innocuous. The Cannizzaro reaction is conveniently written 5 However, if the materials are admixed at tem as follows: peratures materially below 50° C., it is first neces NaOH sary to warm them, and at about 50° C. -
Tudy L~Equite Close to These Straight Lines. the Isotropic Contact
INDIAN J. CHEM., VOL. 21A. MAY 1982 7. ~~~5~ER, L. i.,& Fu. YEN, TBH., 1.00"8. Chemi, 7 (1968), TABLE 2 - ESR PARAMETERS FOR CHel3 SoLUTIONS OF THE CoMPLEXES 8. BoU.CHER, L. J., Tynan, E. C. & Fu. Y~N,Teh., Electron spin resonance 0/ metal complexes, edited by Teh, Fu. Parameter VO(SaI-H)2 VO(van-H). Yen, (Plenum Press, New York), (1969),111. 9. MCGARVEY,B. R., J. chem. Phys., 41 (1964), 3743: gn 1.961 l.963 gJ. 1.994 1.993 go l.980 l.983 All (G) 17l.4 173.5 Ai (G) 65.3 64.7 Effect of Hydration on Annealing of Chemical 100.5 Ao (G) 10l.0 Radiation Damage in Cadmium Nitrate ~tudy l~e quite close to these straight lines. The S. M. K. NAIR* & C. JAMES IsotropIc contact. term, K, is dependent upon the Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, d-orbltal population for the unpaired electron and Kerala 673 635 is given by K::::: (~~)2 Ko. Boucher et af.8 have Received 21 September 1981; accepted 16 November 1981 disc.ussedthe variation of K with (~; )2 for a variety of Iigands, Lowenng of the (~t )2 value indicates The effect of hydration on the annealing of chemical radiation increasing covalent bonding which arises from the damage in anhydrous cadmium nitrate has been investigated. ~elocalisation of. the electron onto the ligand via Rehydration induces direct recovery of damage and the rehydrated in-plane rr-bonding of the d"l1 orbital with the It-orbitals of the basal ligands. -
Background Document on Cadmium ______
Hazardous Substances Series -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cadmium OSPAR Commission 2002 (2004 Update) OSPAR Commission, 2002: OSPAR Background Document on Cadmium _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (the “OSPAR Convention”) was opened for signature at the Ministerial Meeting of the former Oslo and Paris Commissions in Paris on 22 September 1992. The Convention entered into force on 25 March 1998. It has been ratified by Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom and approved by the European Community and Spain. La Convention pour la protection du milieu marin de l'Atlantique du Nord-Est, dite Convention OSPAR, a été ouverte à la signature à la réunion ministérielle des anciennes Commissions d'Oslo et de Paris, à Paris le 22 septembre 1992. La Convention est entrée en vigueur le 25 mars 1998. La Convention a été ratifiée par l'Allemagne, la Belgique, le Danemark, la Finlande, la France, l’Irlande, l’Islande, le Luxembourg, la Norvège, les Pays-Bas, le Portugal, le Royaume-Uni de Grande Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord, la Suède et la Suisse et approuvée par la Communauté européenne et l’Espagne. © OSPAR Commission, 2002. Permission may be granted by the publishers for the report to be wholly or partly reproduced in publications provided that the source of the extract is clearly indicated. © Commission OSPAR, 2002. La reproduction de tout ou partie de ce rapport dans une publication peut être autorisée par l’Editeur, sous réserve que l’origine de l’extrait soit clairement mentionnée. -
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemcomm. This Journal Is © the Royal Society of Chemistry 2016
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Colloidal Atomic Layer Deposition Growth of PbS/CdS Core/Shell Quantum Dots Michel Nasilowski,a Lea Nienhaus,a Sophie N. Bertram,a Moungi. G. Bawendia,* Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. *e-mail: [email protected] Supplementary Information Experimental methods Chemicals: Sulfur (Aldrich, 99.998%), oleylamine (OLA, Aldrich, technical grade 70%), lead chloride (PbCl2, Alfa-Aesar, 99.999%), hexanes (Omnisolv, 98.5%), formamide (FA, Sigma-Aldrich, >99%), ammonium sulfide ((NH4)2S, Strem, 40-44% aqueous solution), cadmium acetate dihydrate (Cd(Ac)2, Sigma-Aldrich 98%), cadmium oxide (CdO, Alfa-Aesar, 99.998%), oleic acid (OA, Alfa-Aesar, technical grade 90%) and tetracholorethylene (Alfa-Aesar, 99%) were used without further purification. Cd(OA)2: 1.28 g of cadmium oxide in 20 mL of oleic acid was heated at 160°C for 1 hour under nitrogen until colorless. The solution was then degassed under vacuum at 70°C for 30 min. Synthesis of PbS QDs: The synthesis of PbS QDs was adapted from a previously reported procedure.1,2 0.080g of sulfur in 7.5 mL OLA was heated at 120°C for 20 min under nitrogen bubbling and stirring. 0.83g of PbCl2 in 15 mL OLA was degassed for 30 minutes at room temperature, then under nitrogen, the temperature was increased to 120°C (with a vacuum pull at 110°C for ~5min). Once the temperature was stable at 120°C, 2.5mL of the sulfur solution was swiftly injected into the lead solution. -
A Comparison of Composite Transparent Conducting Oxides Based on the Binary Compounds Cdo and Sno2
October 2001 • NREL/CP-520-31017 A Comparison of Composite Transparent Conducting Oxides Based on the Binary Compounds CdO and SnO2 Preprint X. Li, T. Gessert, C. DeHart, T. Barnes, H. Moutinho, Y. Yan, D. Young, M. Young, J. Perkins, and T. Coutts To be presented at the NCPV Program Review Meeting Lakewood, Colorado 14-17 October 2001 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Midwest Research Institute (MRI), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337. Accordingly, the US Government and MRI retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. -
Annex XV Report
Annex XV report PROPOSAL FOR IDENTIFICATION OF A SUBSTANCE OF VERY HIGH CONCERN ON THE BASIS OF THE CRITERIA SET OUT IN REACH ARTICLE 57 Substance Name: Cadmium nitrate EC Number: 233-710-6 CAS Number: 10325-94-7 Submitted by: Swedish Chemicals Agency Date: 2017-08-29 This document has been prepared according to template: TEM-0049.03 ANNEX XV – IDENTIFICATION OF CADMIUM NITRATE AS SVHC CONTENTS PROPOSAL FOR IDENTIFICATION OF A SUBSTANCE OF VERY HIGH CONCERN ON THE BASIS OF THE CRITERIA SET OUT IN REACH ARTICLE 57........................................................................................................................4 PART I.............................................................................................................................................................8 JUSTIFICATION ...............................................................................................................................................8 1. IDENTITY OF THE SUBSTANCE AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.................................................8 1.1 Name and other identifiers of the substance..............................................................................................8 1.2 Composition of the substance ......................................................................................................................9 1.3 Identity and composition of structurally related substances (used in a grouping or read-across approach) .....................................................................................................................................................................9 -
METASTABILITY of CADMIUM SULFATE and ITS EFFECT on ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE of SATURATED STANDARD CELLS by George W
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF C OMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS RESEARCH PAPER RP1389 Part of Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, Volume 26, May 1941 METASTABILITY OF CADMIUM SULFATE AND ITS EFFECT ON ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE OF SATURATED STANDARD CELLS By George W. Vinal and Langhorne H. Brickwedde ABSTRACT Both solubility and electromot ive force measurements are concordant in fixing the transition temperature of CdSOf.8/3HzO to CdSOf.HzO, at 43.4°C. Previously the transition temperature was genera.lly believed to be 74° C. Cells recently were made with each modification. Their respective electromotive forces differ except at the transition temperature, where they, as well as the solubilitiesJ are equal. The temperature coefficient of cells containing CdSO•. HzO was founa to be positive, whereas the temperature coefficient for cells containing the ordi nary salt CdS04.8/3HzO is negative, as is well known. Both hydrates tend to persist in a metastable state, and measurements can be made over a wide range of temperatures. The free energy changes of the cells are discussed, and some practical applications for the cells are described. CONTENTS Page I. Introduction _____ __ ______ __ __________ ________ ______ ___ ___ __ ____ 455 II. Experimental procedure ___ ______________ _____ __ _________________ 457 1. Solubility det erminations __ __ __ ____ _____________ ______ _____ 457 2. Construction of cells __________________ ____ __ ___ __ ____ _____ 457 3. Temperature control of the cells and measurement of electromo- tive fo rce _______________________ _____ ___ _____ __________ 458 III. Experimental results ___________________________________________ _ 458 1. -
Polyvinyl Chloride - Wikipedia Polyvinyl Chloride
1/24/2020 Polyvinyl chloride - Wikipedia Polyvinyl chloride Polyvinyl chloride (/ˌpɒlivaɪnəl ˈklɔːraɪd/;[5] colloquial: Polyvinyl chloride polyvinyl, vinyl;[6] abbreviated: PVC) is the world's third-most widely produced synthetic plastic polymer, after polyethylene and polypropylene.[7] About 40 million tonnes are produced per year. PVC comes in two basic forms: rigid (sometimes abbreviated as RPVC) and flexible. The rigid form of PVC is used in construction for pipe and in profile applications such as doors and windows. It is also used in making bottles, non-food packaging, food-covering sheets,[8] and cards (such as bank or membership cards). It can be made softer and more flexible by the addition of plasticizers, the most widely used being phthalates. In this form, it is also used in plumbing, electrical cable insulation, imitation leather, flooring, signage, phonograph records,[9] inflatable products, and many applications where it replaces rubber.[10] With cotton or linen, it is used to make canvas. Pure polyvinyl chloride is a white, brittle solid. It is insoluble in alcohol but slightly soluble in tetrahydrofuran. Contents Discovery Production Microstructure Names Producers IUPAC name Additives poly(1-chloroethylene)[1] Phthalate plasticizers Di-2ethylhexylphthalate Other names Metal stabilizers Polychloroethylene Heat stabilizers Identifiers Properties CAS Number 9002-86-2 (http://ww Mechanical w.commonchemistry. Thermal and fire org/ChemicalDetail.a Electrical spx?ref=9002-86-2) Chemical Abbreviations PVC Applications ChEBI CHEBI:53243 -
Silver As a Drinking-Water Disinfectant
Silver as a drinking-water disinfectant Silver as a drinking-water disinfectant Alternative drinking-water disinfectants: silver ISBN 978-92-4-151369-2 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Alternative drinking-water disinfectants: bromine, iodine and silver. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. -
Detection of Cds Nanoparticles and Implications for Cadmium Yellow Paint Degradation in Edvard Munch’S the Scream (C
1910 Microsc. Microanal. 23 (Suppl 1), 2017 doi:10.1017/S1431927617010212 © Microscopy Society of America 2017 Detection of CdS Nanoparticles and Implications for Cadmium Yellow Paint Degradation in Edvard Munch’s The Scream (c. 1910, Munch Museum) Barnaby D.A. Levin1, Kayla X. Nguyen1, Megan E. Holtz1, Marcie B. Wiggins2, Malcolm G. Thomas3, Eva S. Tveit4, Jennifer L. Mass5, Robert Opila6, Thomas Beebe2, David A. Muller1,7. 1. School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. 2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & UD Surface Analysis Facility, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA. 3. Cornell Center for Materials Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. 4. The Munch Museum, Tøyen, Oslo, Norway. 5. Department of Conservation, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, NL. 6. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA. 7. Kavli Institute for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) based yellow paint is fading, flaking, and discoloring with age in billions of dollars worth of Impressionist through Expressionist masterpieces from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Characterization of the morphology, chemistry, and crystal structure of paint particles is critical for understanding CdS pigment degradation, and the role of other cadmium compounds in paint synthesis and aging [1]. Here, we use scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to identify nanoparticle structures in a sample of cadmium yellow paint from the Edvard Munch’s The Scream (c. 1910, Munch Museum), taken from a region of flaking yellow paint in the water adjacent to the two background figures on the bridge (Fig. 1a), and prepared for STEM by focused ion beam (FIB) milling. -
Oiv-Ma-As313-21.Pdf
COMPENDIUM OF INTERNATIONAL ANALYSIS OF METHODS - OIV Metatartaric acid Method OIV-MA-AS313-21 Type IV method Determination of the presence of metatartaric acid (Resolution Oeno 10/2007) 1. Introduction Metatartaric acid added to the wine to avoid tartaric precipitation is traditionally proportioned by the difference between the total tartaric acid following hot hydrolysis of metatartaric acid and natural tartaric acid preceding hydrolysis. However, taking into account the precision of the determination of tartaric acid, traces of metatartaric acid are not detectable by this method, and the additive, which is not accepted in certain countries, must therefore be characterised using a more specific method. 2. Scope Wines likely to contain traces of metatartaric acid. 3. Principle In relatively acid mediums, metatartaric acid forms an insoluble precipitate with cadmium acetate; it is the only one of all the elements present in must and wine to give such a precipitate . Note: Tartaric acid is also precipitated with cadmium acetate, but only in the presence of an alcohol content greater than 25% vol. The precipitate redissolves in water, unlike the precipitate obtained with metatartaric acid. The cadmium precipitate of metatartaric acid breaks down by heating with sodium hydroxide and releases tartaric acid. The latter produces a specific orange colour with ammonium metavanadate. 4. Reagents 4.1 Cadmium acetate solution at 5 p.100 4.1.1 Dihydrated cadmium acetate at 98% 4.1.2 Pure acetic acid 4.1.3 Distilled or demineralized water OIV-MA-AS313-21 : R2007 1 COMPENDIUM OF INTERNATIONAL ANALYSIS OF METHODS - OIV Metatartaric acid 4.1.4 Cadmium acetate solution: dissolve 5 g of cadmium acetate (4.1.1) in 99 mL of water (4.1.3) add 1 mL of pure acetic acid (4.1.2) 4.2 Sodium hydroxide 1M 4.3 Sulfuric acid 1M 4.4 Solution of ammonium metavanadate 2% w/v 4.4.1 Ammonium metavanadate 4.4.2 Trihydrated sodium acetate at 99% 4.4.3 Sodium acetate solution at 27 p. -
Chemical Name Federal P Code CAS Registry Number Acutely
Acutely / Extremely Hazardous Waste List Federal P CAS Registry Acutely / Extremely Chemical Name Code Number Hazardous 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- P059 76-44-8 Acutely Hazardous 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide P050 115-29-7 Acutely Hazardous Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]- P197 17702-57-7 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea P026 5344-82-1 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea 5344-82-1 Extremely Hazardous 1,1,1-Trichloro-2, -bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,2,2,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-1H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalene, Dechlorane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Decachloro--octahydro-1,2,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalen-2- one, chlorecone Extremely Hazardous 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57-14-7 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo-endo-5,8- dimethanonaph-thalene Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate P081 55-63-0 Acutely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate 55-63-0 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetra- hydro- indane Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]- 51-43-4 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, P042 51-43-4 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine P067 75-55-8 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine 75-55-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime 26419-73-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime.