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IEE: India: Nayabazar-Namchi Environmental Assessment Report Initial Environmental Examination for Nayabazar–Namchi (SK02) Project Number: 37143 September 2006 India: North Eastern State Roads Project Prepared by [Author(s)] [Firm] [City, Country] Prepared by Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Prepared for [Executing Agency] [Implementing Agency] The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s in nature. members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board CRRI - Central Road Research Institute DoE - Department of Environment EA - Executing Agency EFRC - Environment Friendly Road Construction EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMMP - Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan GDP - Gross Domestic Product GoI - Government of India IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IRC - Indian Road Congress MDONER - Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region MDRs - Major District Roads MoEF - Ministry of Environment and Forests MoRT&H - Ministry of Road Transport and Highways MSL - Mean Sea Level MW - Mega Watt NEC - North Eastern Council NER - North Eastern Region NGO - Non Government Organization NH - National Highway NOx - Oxides of Nitrogen NSDP - Net State Domestic Product PIU - Project Implementation Unit PWD - Public Works Department ROW - Right of Way SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter SO2 - Sulphur Dioxide SSI - Small Scale Industries SPCB - State Pollution Control Board TA - Technical Assistance TOR - Terms of Reference WHO - World Health Organisation IEE: Section SK-02 i CONTENTS Page MAPS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 General 1 1.2 Purpose 2 1.3 Scope 2 1.4 Executing Agency 2 1.5 Study Methodology 2 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3 2.1 Project Type 3 2.2 Category of Project 4 2.3 Need for Project 5 2.4 Location of Project 5 2.5 Proposed Schedule of Implementation 6 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 8 3.1 Physical Environment 8 3.2 Ecological Environment 12 3.3 Socio-Economic Environment 14 3.4 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 22 3.5 National Environmental Quality Standards 26 4 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL 29 IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 Introduction 29 4.2 Identification and Assessment of Impacts 29 4.3 Negative Impacts Related to Project Location, Preliminary Planning 30 and Design 4.4 Construction: Permits and Environmental Impacts to be taken into 32 Particular Account During Construction 4.5 Environmental Effects Related to Operation 47 4.6 Potential Environmental Enhancement /Protection Measures 48 5 INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL 53 MONITORING PROGRAMME 5.1 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 53 5.2 Institutional Assessment 60 5.3 Training 61 5.4 Environmental Monitoring Cost 62 IEE: Section SK-02 ii 6 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 64 6.1 Objectives of Consultations 64 6.2 Methodology for Consultations 64 6.3 Public Disclosure 68 7 FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 69 8 CONCLUSIONS 73 ATTACHMENTS IEE: Section SK-02 iii 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 General 1. Sikkim, with a total area of about 7100 sq km is a landlocked state, criss-crossed by green valleys, high peaks and rippling rivers. It is decorated by an array of exotic and colourful orchids. About 45 percent of land area is covered by forest. It lies in the north-eastern Himalayas, bound on the north by China (Tibet plateau), on the east by Chumbi valley of Tibet and Bhutan, on the west by Nepal and on the south by Darjeeling district of West Bengal. Thus it is a gateway to Tibet and northern China. The population of the state stood at 0.54 million in 2001. Hills ranging from 300 m to 8500 m altitude result in a climate that varies from sub-tropical to alpine. The average annual rainfall is 5000 mm. The literacy rate is 70 percent (2001 census) which is well above the national average. 2. Roads are the only means of getting to and within the state. They are a critical input to the growth of all sectors. The length of roads is reported to be about 1840 km. Most of these roads are rural roads and other district roads amounting to more than 60 percent of total roads. All roads are single lane roads. Most of the roads have narrow carriageways, and are built along hillsides and are prone to landslides.The National Highway No. 31A is the only NH link serving the state and is under the jurisdiction of Border Roads Organisation for its development and maintenance. A few arterial roads in the north and north-western region of the state are also understood to be with the Border Roads Organisation. 3. The Public Works Department is the principal agency in the state responsible for development and maintenance of roads. The works on the national highway linking Gangtok (the state capital) with the rest of the country through Siliguri and a few arterial roads in northern and north-western part are looked after by Border Roads Organisation. 4. Settlements are scattered and many rural communities are still far from the nearest road. In these areas, goods are brought in, or taken out, either by animal or back loading. Gangtok is the only major commercial centre in the state. 5. The proposed “North Eastern State Roads Project” is a joint initiative of the Government of India and ADB. Funding for the technical assistance (TA) is provided jointly by GOI, through the Executing Agency (EA) for GOI, namely the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (MDONER), and ADB. For this purpose a Technical Assistance Agreement was signed on 20 December 2004 between GOI and ADB. The project is intended to assist the states of the north- eastern region of India to study the feasibility of developing the respective road networks and improving national and sub-regional connectivity with the objective of enhancing mobility and trade. The project will also assist the states to develop the capacity of road sector institutions to increase productivity of the road assets. 6. The primary focus of the assistance is on, but not be limited to: (i) prioritization of national highways, state highways, and major district roads to be improved; (ii) determination of the feasibility of an investment project for improvement of priority state roads and bridges; and (iii) preparation of an institutional strengthening action plan comprising immediate action to support implementation of the proposed project. 7. As part of the “Road Sector Investment Component” feasibility studies are undertaken for the improvement of following roads in the State of Sikkim: Section SK-01: Nayabazar to Melli section in the district of South Sikkim is a state highway covering a total length of 27 km; Section SK-02: Nayabazar to Namchi section in the district of South Sikkim is a state highway covering a total length of 20 km; and Section SK-03: Rumtek to Sang in the district of West Sikkim is a state highway covering a total length of 25 km. IEE: Section SK-02 1 8. The main objectives of the road sector investment component are to improve the regional, as well as inter and intra state transport flows, and in doing so improving access to services, and making the NER attractive to developers and investors. 9. To fulfil the above objectives and due considerations to environmental feasibility of above road section, Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been carried out for SK-02: Nayabazar to Namchi section in the district of South Sikkim covering a total length of 19 km, road section. This section in included in tranche 1 of the facility. 10. The IEE study was initiated in the month of July 2006 and continued till September 2006. The report has been prepared by national environmental expert, in coordination with project team. 1.2 Purpose 11. The purpose of this Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is to document a screening of the environmental consequences of this road section. This IEE is structured in accordance with the requirements of the ADB. 1.3 Scope 12. The Initial Environmental Examination of the proposed project road section has been undertaken to identify and to minimise the adverse environmental impacts, if any, associated with construction and operation. Environmental issues considered in this IEE are mainly macro-level and can have adverse or beneficial impacts. Initial Environmental Examination of the roads has four basic objectives, as stated below, to: determine the magnitude of potential environmental concerns and to ensure that environmental considerations are given adequate weight when carrying out the proposed road constructions/improvements; identify the environmental issues that should be taken into account when new links are constructed and/or existing links improved - such to include both adverse and beneficial impacts; identify any further needed environmental studies or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA); and identify potentially required enhancement/mitigation measures, if any. 1.4 Executing Agency 13. The executing agency of the proposed project is the Ministry of Development of North Eastern, Government of India. The work of the feasibility study has been assigned to “Technoconsult International Limited, Bangladesh in association with other consultancies DLA, DPM, DCPL and VisionRI. Initial Environmental Examination study has been undertaken by national consultant. 1.5 Study Methodology 14. The Initial Environmental Examination has been carried out using current ADB and Government of India guidelines, specifically: “Environmental Assessment Guidelines (ADB 2003)”; “Environmental Guidelines for Selected Infrastructure Projects (ADB 1993b)”; “Project Terms of Reference (TOR)”; “Environmental guidelines for Road/Rail/Highway Projects”, Government of India, 1989 “Handbook of environmental procedures and guidelines”, 1994, Government of India “Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway Projects” (IRC: 104-1988); and IEE: Section SK-02 2 The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 15.
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