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LUIZ CEZAR MACHADO PEREIRA.Pdf LUIZ CEZAR MACHADO PEREIRA ÁREA DE VIDA E PADRÕES DE DESLOCAMENTO DE Brachyteles arachnoides (E. Geoffroy, 1806) (PRIMATES: ATELINAE) EM UM FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE CASTRO, ESTADO DO PARANÁ, BRASIL. Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Mestre, pelo Curso de Pós- Graduação em Engenharia Florestal, Setor de Ciências Florestais – Área Silvicultura, do Setor de Ciências Florestais da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Alessandro Camargo Ângelo CURITIBA 2006 i Universidade Federal do Paraná Setor de Ciências Agrárias – Centro de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal Sessão de Defesa de Dissertação Defesa n o. 657 O Curso de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal realizará no dia 07 de abril de 2006, com início previsto para às 8:30 horas, no Centro de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, sessão pública de defesa da dissertação de Luiz Cezar Machado Pereira, cujo título é "Área de vida e padrõ es de deslocamento de Brachyteles arachnoides (E. Geoffroy, 1806) (Primates: Atelinae) em um fragmento florestal no município de Castro, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. ". A banca examinadora será composta por: Dr. Eleonore Zulnara Freire Setz Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP Primeiro examinador Dr. Tereza Cristina Castellano Margarido Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia Segundo examinador Dr. Alessandro Camargo Angelo Universidade Federal do Paraná Orientador e presidente da banca examinadora Dr. Yoshiko Saito Kuniyoshi Universidade Federal do Paraná Suplente Curitiba, 30 de março de 2006. Graciela Ines Bolzon de Muniz Coordenador do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal Carlos Roberto Sanquetta Vice-Coordenador do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal Av. Lothário Meissner, 3400 - Jardim Botânico - CAMPUS III - CEP 80210-170 - CURITIBA - Paraná Tel. (41) 360-4212 - Fax. (41) 360-4211 - http://www.floresta.ufpr.br/pos-graduacao Ao meu filho Bernardo Nicola Pereira e ao meu irmão Paulo Roberto Machado Pereira (in memorian) iii AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço ao Professor Alessandro Camargo Ângelo, meu orientador, pela amizade, pelos debates e pelas críticas, e por acreditar na ciência da conservação da natureza. À Fundação o Boticário para Conservação da Natureza, a qual financiou boa parte do trabalho. Ao Alexandre Koehler, parceiro de várias jornadas, e que me incentivou a realizar essa dissertação. Ao Edson Tadayoshi Nachi, o qual nos auxiliou com o transporte em grande parte do trabalho de campo. Ao Reitor da PUCPR, Irmão Clemente Ivo Juliatto pelo incentivo em ingressar no programa de pós-graduação e sem o apoio, dispensa e compreensão da importância deste trabalho para a conservação da natureza. Agradeço ao Prof. Adilson Moraes Seixas da PUCPR. Ao Sr. Luiz Retig, proprietário da Fazenda Lagoa Alegre que nos acolheu em todas as fases de campo. Ao Sr. Joanim e Sr. Ari proprietários de uma parcela de área dos Brachyteles . Ao Sr. Lotário, pelos ensinamentos locais e principalmente sobre as buias dos monos. Aos primeiros companheiros de campo, João Saldanha e Paulo Brandt. Ao nosso auxiliar de campo – Altair. Aos jornalistas da RPC, Jorge, Sandro e Dulcinéia, companheiros de luta pela sobrevivência dos monos. Aos companheiros do Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis no Estado do Paraná, em especial a Cosette B. X. da Silva, Carmen Z. Hernkenhoff e Guadalupe Vivekananda e do Instituto Ambiental do Paraná que lutam sem apoio pela sobrevivência das espécies ameaçadas. Ao Prof. Franklin Galvão, que me ensinou sobre a associação entre o solo e a floresta, Profª. Yoshiko Saito Kunyoshi e Prof. Carlos V. Roderjan pelas trocas de experiências e identificação dos materiais botânicos coletados, e a doutoranda Carina Cozera pelo auxílio nas identificações de algumas espécies vegetais. iv Aos acadêmicos da PUCPR, Cynthia, Bia, Eder e Claudia que nos auxiliaram em campo e em laboratório e aos alunos UFPR que participaram de algumas excurções a campo. Agradeço também ao Biól. Nicholas Kaminski pelo auxílio e companheirismo no campo. Aos Profs. João Carlos Jarczerski e Luiz Antonio Acra do HUCP-PUCPR, pela identificação de algumas espécies vegetais. Ao seu Ivo Nicola e Mauricio pelo auxílio nas confecções dos mapas no AutoCad2000. Aos naturalistas, Rudolfo Bruno Lange, Eládio Del Rosal, Tereza Cristina Castellano Margarido, Estefano Francisco Jablonski, Russel Mittermeier que acreditaram na existência do Mono-Carvoeiro no Estado do Paraná, e ao Cláudio P. Nogueira in memorian que também acreditou. Agradeço a Profª. Dra. Eleonore Z. Setz, que mesmo sem ter visto os monos em campo, nos apoiou em todos os momentos. Ao Dr. Sergio Lucena Mendes do Museu de Zoologia Mello-Leitão que mesmo durante uma excursão a campo com muita chuva e sem a visualização dos monos, acreditou no nosso trabalho. À Biól. Naiara Sardinha Pinto pelo incentivo incondicional e envio de muitas referências bibliográficas e ao Anders Gonçalves da Silva pelo apoio dado ao desenvolvimento do trabalho. Ao Comitê Estadual de Conservação do Mono-Carvoeiro pela luta do desvio das Torres de Transmissão Elétrica na área dos Monos. A SPVS e em especial ao Clóvis R. S. Borges, pelos constantes incentivos ao nosso trabalho. Ao Biól. Mauro de Moura Britto por acreditar na existência da espécie no Paraná Ao Luiz Dias pelo envio dos trabalhos de área de vida dos Muriquis da Estação Biológica de Caratinga. A minha esposa Patricia Avello Nicola pela dedicação, carinho, companheirismo, pela leitura do texto e também por acreditar nos caminhos da ciência. A minha família. v SUMÁRIO LISTA DE FIGURAS .....................................................................................................viii LISTA DE QUADROS E TABELAS................................................................................x LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS..........................................................................................xi RESUMO .........................................................................................................................xii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................xiii 1. INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ...............................................................................................1 1.1 Brachyteles arachnoides (E. Geoffroy, 1806)..............................................................3 1.2 Distribuição de Brachyteles arachnoides (E. Geoffroy, 1806) ....................................5 1.2.1 Distribuição no Passado: Evidências Evolutivas.......................................................7 1.2.2 Distribuição atual: populações do Norte e do Sul .....................................................8 1.2.3 Brachyteles arachnoides (E. Geoffroy, 1806) no Estado do Paraná.......................10 1.3 Ecologia e comportamento de Brachyteles arachnoides (E. Geoffroy, 1806)...........13 2. ÁREA DE ESTUDO ....................................................................................................21 2.1 Geologia e Geomorfologia .........................................................................................22 2.2 Relevo.........................................................................................................................23 2.3 Solo.............................................................................................................................23 2.4 Hidrografia .................................................................................................................24 2.5 Clima ..........................................................................................................................24 2.6 Vegetação ...................................................................................................................24 REFERÊNCIAS ...............................................................................................................28 CAPÍTULO I....................................................................................................................38 CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS AMBIENTES FLORESTAIS NA ÁREA DE VIDA DE UM GRUPO DE Brachyteles arachnoides (E. GEOFFROY, 1806) (PRIMATES, ATELIDAE) NO MUNICÍPIO DE CASTRO, PARANÁ...............................................38 1. INTRODUÇÃO............................................................................................................38 2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS..........................................................................................39 3. RESULTADOS ............................................................................................................39 3.1 Caracterização dos ambientes.....................................................................................42 4. DISCUSSÃO................................................................................................................46 vi 5. CONCLUSÕES............................................................................................................51 REFERÊNCIAS ...............................................................................................................52 CAPÍTULO II...................................................................................................................54 DIETA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO FLORÍSTICA E ESTRUTURA DOS SÍTIOS DE PERNOITE DE UM GRUPO DE Brachyteles arachnoides (E. GEOFFROY, 1806) (PRIMATES, ATELIDAE) NO MUNICÍPIO DE CASTRO, PARANÁ. ......................54 1. INTRODUÇÃO............................................................................................................54
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