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Ocotea Na FOD No Paraná

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Ocotea Na FOD No Paraná UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ MARCELO LEANDRO BROTTO ESTUDO TAXONÔMICO DO GÊNERO OCOTEA AUBL. (LAURACEAE) NA FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA DENSA NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ, BRASIL CURITIBA 2010 MARCELO LEANDRO BROTTO ESTUDO TAXONÔMICO DO GÊNERO OCOTEA AUBL. (LAURACEAE) NA FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA DENSA NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ, BRASIL Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Mestre, pelo Curso de Pós-Graduação em Botânica do Setor de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Linha de Pesquisa: Taxonomia de Fanerógamas. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Armando Carlos Cervi Co-orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Élide Pereira dos Santos CURITIBA 2010 Dedico essa obra aos meus pais, Clair e Domingos, por todo amor e dedicação, e a Rosiane, pelo amor e carinho. i AGRADECIMENTOS Ao professor Armando Carlos Cervi, pela orientação, ensinamentos de vida e principalmente pela amizade. À professora Élide Pereira dos Santos, pelo incentivo ao estudo da botânica, pela orientação e confiança desde quando me iniciei na área científica. Aos colegas de pós-graduação, principalmente Felipe Marinero e Mário Fritsch, pelo companheirismo ao longo do curso. Aos colegas que me auxiliaram nas excursões de coleta enfrentando calor, umidade e os vorazes insetos da floresta tropical: Rafael R. Völtz, Emerson Stange Jr., Jefferson H. Azevedo, Carlos E. Gonçalves, Pedro Hauck, Luiz Suzuki, Jovani B. S. Pereira, Christopher T. Blum; Werner S. Mancinelli e Ronaldo Franzen Jr. Aos gerentes de Unidades de Conservação, pela autorização e auxílio à pesquisa: Odete T. B. Carpanezzi, Cacilde Francisco da Silva, Eloise Regina Pak, Guilherme Vasconcellos, Lothário H. Stoltz Jr., Maria Ângela Dalcomune, Zuleika Beyruth e Walter Steenbock. Aos curadores e funcionários dos herbários pelo grande auxílio que prestaram e pela amizade: Prof. Dr. Gerdt Hatschbach, Clarisse, Osmar, Eraldo, Juarez, José (Bagre), Edilson (Kiko), do Museu Botânico Municipal; Professores Yoshiko S. Kuniyoshi, Carlos V. Roderjan e Franklin Galvão do herbário da Escola de Florestas de Curitiba; Prof. João Batista Baitello do herbário do Instituto Florestal de São Paulo; Prof. Antonio Dunaiski Jr. do herbário das Faculdades Espíritas; Prof. Luiz Antônio Acra do herbário da PUC Paraná; Zilda Deschamps Bernardes do herbário Barbosa Rodrigues; Irineu do herbário da EMBRAPA Florestas; Profa. Rafaela Forzza e Prof. Marcus Nadruz do herbário de Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro e a Simone do herbário UPCB. À professora Elizabeth Schwarz pelos ensinamentos durante a prática de docência. À professora Viviane da Silva Pereira pela correção e sugestões do relatório. À secretária Beth, pelo bom humor e agilidade com os documentos. Ao CNPq pela bolsa de estudo. ii RESUMO Este trabalho consiste no levantamento das espécies de Ocotea Aubl. (Lauraceae) que ocorrem na Floresta Ombrófila Densa (FOD) no Estado do Paraná. O gênero é caracterizado por árvores ou arbustos com flores unissexuadas ou bissexuadas, estames com anteras 4-locelares, locelos arranjados em dois pares sobrepostos, um par de glândulas na base dos filetes dos estames da série III e estaminódios da série IV pouco desenvolvidos. Ocotea é o maior gênero de Lauraceae no Neotrópico com pelo menos 300 espécies das quais cerca de 150 ocorrem no Brasil. A FOD recobre a porção Leste no Estado e localiza-se entre as coordenadas 24º40‟-26°00‟ S e 48°00‟-49°10‟ W. Foram realizadas coletas na região e analisadas exsicatas dos herbários B, EFC, HBR, HFC, HFIE, HUCP, K, MBM, NY, P, PKDC, RB, SPF, SPSF, UPCB e W. São apresentadas chave de identificação das espécies, descrições, ilustrações, mapas de distribuição, pranchas fotográficas, além de dados sobre floração e frutificação, habitat, distribuição geográfica e comentários. Na área o gênero Ocotea Aubl. está representado por 22 espécies: Ocotea aciphylla (Nees) Mez; O. bicolor Vattimo-Gil; O. brachybotrya (Meisn.) Mez; O. catharinensis Mez; O. dispersa (Nees) Mez; O. elegans Mez; O. glaziovii Mez; O. lanata (Nees) Mez; O. laxa (Nees) Mez; O. lobbii (Meisn.) Rohwer; O. nectandrifolia Mez; O. notata (Nees) Mez; O. nunesiana (Vattimo-Gil) Baitello; O. odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer; O. porosa (Nees) Barroso; O. puberula (Rich.) Nees; O. pulchella Mart.; O. silvestris Vattimo- Gil; O. teleiandra (Meisn.) Mez; O. tristis (Nees) Mez; O. vaccinioides (Meisn.) Mez; O. sp. nov. Uma espécie é categorizada como Em Perigo Crítico (CR) e sete são categorizadas como Em Perigo (EN) segundo os critérios da IUCN. Ocotea brachybotrya (Meisn.) Mez é citada pela primeira vez no Paraná e uma espécie ainda não descrita foi confirmada para a FOD no Paraná. Os dados e resultados obtidos evidenciam a importância do conhecimento e da preservação do gênero Ocotea na composição e estrutura da vegetação da Floresta Ombrófila Densa no Estado do Paraná. Palavras-chave: Taxonomia, Ocotea, Lauraceae, Neotrópicos. iii ABSTRACT This work is a survey of the species of Ocotea Aubl. (Lauraceae) occurring in the Dense Ombrophilous Forest (FOD) in the State of Paraná. The genus is characterized by trees or shrubs, monoecious, dioecious or gimnodioecious, flowers with 4 –cells anther, cells arranged in two vertical rows, a pair of glands in the base of the stamens from the series III and the staminodium from the series IV little developed. Ocotea is the most diverse genera of Lauraceae in Neotropics with about 300 species of which about 150 occur in Brazil. The FOD is located on estern of the Paraná State (24º40‟-26°00‟ S e 48°00‟-49°10‟ W). Collections were accomplished in the area and voucher were analyzed from the herbaria B, EFC, HBR, HFC, HFIE, HUCP, K, MBM, NY, P, PKDC, RB, SPF, SPSF, UPCB and W. An identification key, descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, photographic plates, geographical distribution and comments are presented. In the area, Ocotea is represented by 22 species: Ocotea aciphylla (Nees) Mez; O. bicolor Vattimo-Gil; O. brachybotrya (Meisn.) Mez; O. catharinensis Mez; O. dispersa (Nees) Mez; O. elegans Mez; O. glaziovii Mez; O. lanata (Nees) Mez; O. laxa (Nees) Mez; O. lobbii (Meisn.) Rohwer; O. nectandrifolia Mez; O. notata (Nees) Mez; O. nunesiana (Vattimo-Gil) Baitello; O. odorifera (Vell.) Rohwer; O. porosa (Nees) Barroso; O. puberula (Rich.) Nees; O. pulchella Mart.; O. silvestris Vattimo-Gil; O. teleiandra (Meisn.) Mez; O. tristis (Nees) Mez; O. vaccinioides (Meisn.) Mez; O. sp. nov. One specie is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) and seven species are classified as Endangered (EN) according to the criteria of IUCN. Ocotea brachybotrya (Meisn.) Mez is mentioned for the first time in Paraná and a new species was confirmed for the Paraná. The results evidenced the importance of the knowledge and of the preservation of the genus Ocotea for the composition and structure of the vegetation of the Dense Ombrophilous Forest in the State of Paraná. Key words: Taxonomy, Ocotea, Lauraceae, Neotropics. iv SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO ...................................................................................................... 1 2 OBJETIVOS ......................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Objetivo geral ........................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Objetivos específicos ............................................................................................ 6 3 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ..................................................................................... 7 3.1 Área de estudo ...................................................................................................... 7 3.2 Procedimento metodológico ................................................................................ 10 4 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO .......................................................................... 14 4.1 O gênero Ocotea Aubl. ....................................................................................... 14 4.1.1 Chave para as espécies do gênero Ocotea que ocorrem na Floresta Ombrófila Densa no Estado do Paraná, para plantas com flores. .................... 15 4.1.2 Chave para as espécies do gênero Ocotea que ocorrem na Floresta Ombrófila Densa no Estado do Paraná, para plantas com frutos. .................... 17 4.2 Tratamento taxonômico do gênero Ocotea na Floresta Ombrófila Densa no Estado do Paraná. .............................................................................................. 22 1. Ocotea aciphylla (Nees) Mez. ....................................................................... 22 2. Ocotea bicolor Vattimo-Gil. ........................................................................... 24 3. Ocotea brachybotrya (Meisn.) Mez. .............................................................. 26 4. Ocotea catharinensis Mez. ........................................................................... 28 5. Ocotea dispersa (Nees) Mez. ....................................................................... 33 6. Ocotea elegans Mez. .................................................................................... 35 v 7. Ocotea glaziovii Mez. .................................................................................... 40 8. Ocotea lanata (Nees) Mez. ........................................................................... 42 9. Ocotea laxa (Nees) Mez. .............................................................................. 43 10. Ocotea lobbii (Meisn.) Rohwer...................................................................... 44 11. Ocotea nectandrifolia
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