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Originally, the Descendants of Hua Xia Were Not the Descendants of Yan Huang
E-Leader Brno 2019 Originally, the Descendants of Hua Xia were not the Descendants of Yan Huang Soleilmavis Liu, Activist Peacepink, Yantai, Shandong, China Many Chinese people claimed that they are descendants of Yan Huang, while claiming that they are descendants of Hua Xia. (Yan refers to Yan Di, Huang refers to Huang Di and Xia refers to the Xia Dynasty). Are these true or false? We will find out from Shanhaijing ’s records and modern archaeological discoveries. Abstract Shanhaijing (Classic of Mountains and Seas ) records many ancient groups of people in Neolithic China. The five biggest were: Yan Di, Huang Di, Zhuan Xu, Di Jun and Shao Hao. These were not only the names of groups, but also the names of individuals, who were regarded by many groups as common male ancestors. These groups first lived in the Pamirs Plateau, soon gathered in the north of the Tibetan Plateau and west of the Qinghai Lake and learned from each other advanced sciences and technologies, later spread out to other places of China and built their unique ancient cultures during the Neolithic Age. The Yan Di’s offspring spread out to the west of the Taklamakan Desert;The Huang Di’s offspring spread out to the north of the Chishui River, Tianshan Mountains and further northern and northeastern areas;The Di Jun’s and Shao Hao’s offspring spread out to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, where the Di Jun’s offspring lived in the west of the Shao Hao’s territories, which were near the sea or in the Shandong Peninsula.Modern archaeological discoveries have revealed the authenticity of Shanhaijing ’s records. -
Zhen Fo Bao Chan Yi Gui True Buddha Repentance Sadhana
真佛寶懺儀軌英文版 Honor the Guru Zhen Fo Bao Chan Yi Gui Treasure the Dharma True Buddha Repentance Sadhana Practice Diligently Transmitted by Living Buddha Lian Sheng Om Guru Lian Sheng Siddhi Hum Published by True Buddha Foundation Translated and sponsored by Ling Shen Ching Tze Temple Ling Shen Ching Tze temple is the first and foremost temple of True Buddha Copyright by True Buddha Foundation, a nonprofit religious School, where Living Buddha Lian Sheng imparted True Buddha Tantra for organization, 2002 many years. Enshrined at the temple are Shakyamuni Buddha, Medicine Buddha, the Five Dhyani Buddhas, Golden Mother, and many beautiful images. General permission is granted to religious and educational institutions for non-commercial reproduction in limited quantities, provided a complete It is located at 17012 N.E. 40th Court, Redmond, WA 98052. Tel: 1-425- reference is made to the source. 882-0916. Group meditation practice is open to public every Saturday at 8 p.m. True Buddha Repentance True Buddha Repentance Refuge and Lineage Empowerment One needs to obtain a lineage empowerment in order to achieve maximum results in his/her tantra practice. One obtains True Buddha lineage by taking refuge in Living Buddha Lian Sheng, Grand Master Lu Sheng Yen, in one of the following ways: In writing Root Guru Mantra Root Guru Mantra (long version) (short version) Perform the remote refuge initiation as follows: Om Ah Hum Om Guru At 7:00 a.m. of either the first or fifteenth of a lunar month, face the Guru Bei Lian Sheng direction of the rising sun. With palms joined, reverently recite the Fourfold Yaho Sasamaha Siddhi Hum Refuge Mantra three times: “namo guru bei, namo buddha ye, namo dharma Lian Sheng ye, namo sangha ye.” Prostrate three times. -
Transition from Foraging to Farming in Northeast China
TRANSITION FROM FORAGING TO FARMING IN NORTHEAST CHINA VOLUME ONE (TEXT) A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION TO THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By (Peter) Wei Ming JIA Department of Archaeology The University of Sydney 27 April 2005 PREFACE This study was carried out in Department of Archaeology, the School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry, the University of Sydney from March 2000 to August 2004. A portion of this study has been published elsewhere or presented in international conference: (i) Jia, Weiming, et al., 2003. Preliminary report of field observation in northeast China. In: Institute of Russian Far East eds. Proceeding of “Century to Century” Conference of Archaeology in East Pacific, 2003. Vladivostok, Russia: Institute of Russian Far East, 247-251. (ii) Jia, Weiming, 2003. The problem of the term “Neolithic” in the archaeology of northeast China. Conference. In: Institute of Russian Far East eds. Proceeding of “Century to Century” Conference of Archaeology in East Pacific, 2003. Vladivostok, Russia: Institute of Russian Far East, 252-254. (iii) Jia, Weiming, 2002. The method of settlement pattern research. Wenwu, 8. (iv) Jia, Weiming, 2001. The origin of agriculture and the Neolithic periods in northeast China. Beifangwenwu, 3. (v) Jia, Weiming, 2004. The study of environmental reconstruction and its application. Third International Congress, Society for East Asian Archaeology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea. June 16-19, 2004. DECLARATION I declare that all work in this thesis is the result of my own research and all references to the work of other researchers have been acknowledged. This thesis has not been submitted in whole or in part for any other degree. -
The Warring States Period (453-221)
Indiana University, History G380 – class text readings – Spring 2010 – R. Eno 2.1 THE WARRING STATES PERIOD (453-221) Introduction The Warring States period resembles the Spring and Autumn period in many ways. The multi-state structure of the Chinese cultural sphere continued as before, and most of the major states of the earlier period continued to play key roles. Warfare, as the name of the period implies, continued to be endemic, and the historical chronicles continue to read as a bewildering list of armed conflicts and shifting alliances. In fact, however, the Warring States period was one of dramatic social and political changes. Perhaps the most basic of these changes concerned the ways in which wars were fought. During the Spring and Autumn years, battles were conducted by small groups of chariot-driven patricians. Managing a two-wheeled vehicle over the often uncharted terrain of a battlefield while wielding bow and arrow or sword to deadly effect required years of training, and the number of men who were qualified to lead armies in this way was very limited. Each chariot was accompanied by a group of infantrymen, by rule seventy-two, but usually far fewer, probably closer to ten. Thus a large army in the field, with over a thousand chariots, might consist in total of ten or twenty thousand soldiers. With the population of the major states numbering several millions at this time, such a force could be raised with relative ease by the lords of such states. During the Warring States period, the situation was very different. -
From Teachers to Subjects: Ministers Speaking to the Rulers from Yan
CHAPTER 3 From Teachers to Subjects: Ministers Speaking to the Rulers, from Yan Ying ஶ᚛ to Li Si ޕཎ Yuri Pines, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Two major studies inspired me to undertake the research that re- sulted in the present essay.1 First was a section in Liu Zehua’s Ꮵᖻဎ seminal work Chinese Monarchism, in which Liu Zehua analyzed the self- deprecating language employed by the leading Tang intellectuals Han Yu (ឌყ, 768– 824 ce) and Liu Zongyuan (ࡲց, 773– 819 ce) in their correspondence with the throne. Through this analysis, Liu Zehua demonstrated the magnitude of the cultural and symbolical power of the emperor over his subjects— over even the most brilliant and audacious of them.2 Second was a similarly inspiring “Playing at Critique” by David Schaberg, in which he noticed the proliferation of the genre of “indirect remonstrance” ( fengjian ᘰᘧ) from the sec- ond half of the Warring States (Zhanguo ᖏഏ, 453– 221 bce)3 period. Schaberg summarizes: The tellers of remonstrance tales registered a change in the status of court offi cials. Older tales of direct remonstrance had presumed near 1. This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 511/11) and by the Michael William Lipson Chair in Chinese Studies. I am grateful for the participants in the workshop “Addressing the Autocrat” and to Garret Ol- berding for their comments on the draft of the essay. 2. See Liu Zehua, Zhongguo de Wangquanzhuyi, 263– 79. 3. For Schaberg’s earlier study of a “regular” remonstrance genre, see Schaberg, —-1 “Remonstrance in Eastern Zhou Historiography.” —0 —+1 541-53032_ch01_5P.indd 69 6/14/13 5:19 PM 70 Yuri Pines parity between the ruler and the ministers who help to formulate his policies. -
Spatiotemporal Distribution Patterns of Archaeological Sites In
HOL0010.1177/0959683616641743The HoloceneHosner et al. 641743research-article2016 Research paper The Holocene 2016, Vol. 26(10) 1576 –1593 Spatiotemporal distribution patterns of © The Author(s) 2016 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav archaeological sites in China during the DOI: 10.1177/0959683616641743 Neolithic and Bronze Age: An overview hol.sagepub.com Dominic Hosner,1 Mayke Wagner,1 Pavel E Tarasov,2 Xiaocheng Chen1 and Christian Leipe1,2 Abstract A total of 51,074 archaeological sites from the early Neolithic to the early Iron Age (c. 8000–500 BC), with a spatial extent covering most regions of China (c. 73–131°E and c. 20–53°N), were analysed over space and time in this study. Site maps of 25 Chinese provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, published in the series ‘Atlas of Chinese Cultural Relics’, were used to extract, digitalise and correlate its archaeological data. The data were, in turn, entered into a database using a self-developed mapping software that makes the data, in a dynamic way, analysable as a contribution to various scientific questions, such as population growth and migrations, spread of agriculture and changes in subsistence strategies. The results clearly show asynchronous patterns of changes between the northern and southern parts of China (i.e. north and south of the Yangtze River, respectively) but also within these macro-regions. In the northern part of China (i.e. along the Yellow River and its tributaries and in the Xiliao River basin), the first noticeable increase in the concentration of Neolithic sites occurred between c. 5000 and 4000 BC; however, highest site concentrations were reached between c. -
“The Hereditary House of King Goujian of Yue”
"Yuewang Goujian Shijia": An Annotated Translation Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Daniels, Benjamin Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 26/09/2021 20:21:08 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293623 “YUEWANG GOUJIAN SHIJIA”: AN ANNOTATED TRANSLATION by Benjamin Daniels ____________________________ Copyright © Benjamin Daniels 2013 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2013 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Benjamin Daniels APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: Dr. Brigitta Lee May 8, 2013 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I need to express my deepest gratitude to Dr. Enno Giele, who was my first mentor in anything related to ancient China. -
Archaeology of Asia
BLACKWELL STUDIES IN GLOBAL ARCHAEOLOGY archaeology of asia Edited by Miriam T. Stark Archaeology of Asia BLACKWELL STUDIES IN GLOBAL ARCHAEOLOGY Series Editors: Lynn Meskell and Rosemary A. Joyce Blackwell Studies in Global Archaeology is a series of contemporary texts, each care- fully designed to meet the needs of archaeology instructors and students seeking volumes that treat key regional and thematic areas of archaeological study. Each volume in the series, compiled by its own editor, includes 12–15 newly commis- sioned articles by top scholars within the volume’s thematic, regional, or temporal area of focus. What sets the Blackwell Studies in Global Archaeology apart from other available texts is that their approach is accessible, yet does not sacrifice theoretical sophistication. The series editors are committed to the idea that usable teaching texts need not lack ambition. To the contrary, the Blackwell Studies in Global Archaeology aim to immerse readers in fundamental archaeological ideas and concepts, but also to illu- minate more advanced concepts, thereby exposing readers to some of the most exciting contemporary developments in the field. Inasmuch, these volumes are designed not only as classic texts, but as guides to the vital and exciting nature of archaeology as a discipline. 1. Mesoamerican Archaeology: Theory and Practice Edited by Julia A. Hendon and Rosemary A. Joyce 2. Andean Archaeology Edited by Helaine Silverman 3. African Archaeology: A Critical Introduction Edited by Ann Brower Stahl 4. Archaeologies of the Middle East: Critical Perspectives Edited by Susan Pollock and Reinhard Bernbeck 5. North American Archaeology Edited by Timothy R. Pauketat and Diana DiPaolo Loren 6. -
The Eastern Zhou Or Classical
General Survey Course Materials (R. Eno) THE ZHOU DYNASTY (1045-256 BCE) The Eastern Zhou (771-256 BCE): Classical China In 771 BCE, non-Chinese raiders from Central Asian steppe invaded the area of the old Zhou tribal homeland where the Zhou king ruled. The capital was sacked, the king murdered, and the young heir to the throne was brought to safety in the "eastern capital" of Cheng-Zhou by loyal followers, leaders of the hereditary aristocracy who held major fiefs in the western areas. From that moment, the nature of the Zhou state changed dramatically. Thereafter, power shifted rapidly from the royal house into the hands of the hereditary rulers of various "feudal states" – the major fief-holding clans of Zhou China. The Zhou king retained only nominal power, and from the seventh century until the extinction of the Zhou royal house in 256 BCE – the period of the Eastern Zhou – the king was no more than a figurehead, a symbol of the common political culture of China. China itself became increasingly divided into effectively sovereign states, the expanded territories ruled by the most powerful of the fief-holding clans. These rulers of these states, while claiming to be only servants of the Zhou king, were in fact the leaders of independent political entities. It was not long before they began to behave the way that all leaders of states behave – they began to make war. During the first centuries of this interstate struggle, the wars among these states were constant, but relatively mild (though they did not seem so at the time). -
Zhuangzi Glossary – Chapters 8 to 33 (By Chapter)
ZHUANG-ZI GLOSSARY “B” = By Chapter For Chapters 8-33 Glossary of Names: People & Places By Nina Correa from ‘dao is open’ website *Entries are listed under the chapter number in which they first appear* Zhuangzi Glossary – Chapters 8 to 33 (By Chapter) Outer Chapters: 8–22 Chapter 8 Da Lu See: Huang Zhong and Da Lu (Chapter: 8) Dong Ling was the mountain where Robber Zhi and his band of thieves had their headquarters. It could be a fictitious mountain, or it could refer to a modern mountain by the same name in Eastern China. (Chapter: 8) Huang Zhong and Da Lu were ancient pieces of classical music. This type of music was only performed by the very best musicians in the gardens of the king. (Chapter: 8) Li Zhu was a legendary character who had such keen eyesight that he was able to see the tip of a feather and spot a needle in a haystack. (Chapters: 8, 10, 12) Mohist (Chapter: 2, 8, 10, 11, 14, 22, 24, 29, 32) Robber Zhi is probably a fictitious character. His name can be literally translated as "Trampling Robber". (Chapters: 8, 10, 11, 12, 29) Shang Dynasty (aka Yin Dynasty - used specifically in reference to the latter half of the Shang Dynasty) (ca. 1766 - 1050 BCE) is the first confirmed historical Chinese Dynasty. It occupied the northeastern region of the area known as "China proper", in the Yellow River valley. The Shang dynasty followed the legendary Xia Dynasty and preceded the Zhou Dynasty. The Shang dynasty is believed to have been founded by a rebel leader who overthrew the last Xia ruler. -
A Study of the Guodian Confucian Texts
Early Confucianism: A Study of the Guodian Confucian Texts Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Wong, Kwan Leung Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 26/09/2021 06:38:27 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195186 EARLY CONFUCIANISM: A STUDY OF THE GUODIAN CONFUCIAN TEXTS by Kwan Leung Wong _______________________________ Copyright © Kwan Leung Wong 2006 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2006 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Kwan Leung Wong entitled EARLY CONFUCIANISM: A STUDY OF THE GUODIAN CONFUCIAN TEXTS and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ______________________________________________________________________ Date: March 24, 2006 Jiang Wu Dissertation Chair _______________________________________________ Date: March 24, 2006 Donald Harper Dissetation Co-chair ________________________________________________ Date: March 24, 2006 Anna M. Shields Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. -
A Comparative Study Between Hui Shi and Other Pre-Qin Philosophers
KEQIAN XU THE UNIQUE FEATURES OF HUI SHI’S THOUGHT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN HUI SHI AND OTHER PRE-QIN PHILOSOPHERS INTRODUCTION Hui Shi (370-3 10 B.C.?)’ was one of the main representatives of the logician school (ming jiu) in pre-Qin Era of China. However, the historical records concerning his life and thought in the early texts that we can find today are very inadequate.’ So that it is not easy to give a deep and thorough research on his thought. Consequently, most of the studies that have been conducted so far are mainly concentrated on explaining and analyzing the meanings of his famous ten paradoxes (recorded in chapter 33 of Zhuang Zi), while the general features of Hui Shi’s thought and its special position in preQin intellectual history have not yet been fully discussed. In this paper, I try to integrate some other records about Hui Shi scattered in the early texts with the ten paradoxes in my analysis, in order to give a more panoramic and well-rounded description of Hui Shi’s thought. I would also like to consider Hui Shi and his ideas in terms of general pre-Qin intellectual background, and specially to compare it to the thoughts of some representatives of other pre-Qin schools, such as Con- fucianism, Taoism, Mohism, Legalism, etc., thus to point out the unique features of Hui Shi’s thsught . 1 Hui Shi’s doctrine that we can find today are mainly the ten para- JOU~Of Chinee fiil~sOphy24 (I 997) 231 -253 Copyright 01997 by Dhlogue Publishing Company,Honolulu.