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Makna Simbolik Ritual Pawang Hujan Pada Masyarakat Karo

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Makna Simbolik Ritual Pawang Hujan Pada Masyarakat Karo MAKNA SIMBOLIK RITUAL PAWANG HUJAN PADA MASYARAKAT KARO (Studi Kasus: Kelurahan Tanjung Langkat, Kecamatan Salapian, Kabupaten Langkat) SKRIPSI Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Mendapatkan Gelar Sarjana Sosial Dalam Bidang Antropologi Sosial Oleh : ISMI DARA HASIBUAN 160905003 PROGRAM STUDI ANTROPOLOGI SOSIAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2021 Universitas Sumatera Utara i Universitas Sumatera Utara UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN Skripsi ini telah disetujui dan dipertahankan oleh: Nama : Ismi Dara Hasibuan NIM : 160905003 Program Studi : Antropologi Sosial Judul Skripsi : Makna Simbolik Ritual Pawang Hujan Pada Masyarakat Karo (Studi Kasus: Kelurahan Tanjung Langkat, Kecamatan Salapian, Kabupaten Langkat) Pada Ujian Komprehensif yang dilaksanakan : Hari : Kamis Tanggal : 01 April 2021 Pukul : 14.00 WIB Tempat : Zoom Meeting Dengan penyempurnaan/perbaikan yang telah disetujui oleh Tim Penguji : Ketua Penguji Dra. Sabariah Bangun, M.Soc, Sc ( ) NIP. 195701051987032001 Penguji I Drs. Agustrisno, M.SP ( ) NIP. 196008231987021001 Penguji II Drs. Lister Berutu, MA ( ) NIP. 196007171987031005 i Universitas Sumatera Utara UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK PERNYATAAN ORIGINALITAS “MAKNA SIMBOLIK RITUAL PAWANG HUJAN PADA MASYARAKAT KARO” (Studi Kasus: Kelurahan Tanjung Langkat, Kecamatan Salapian, Kabupaten Langkat) SKRIPSI Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa dalam skripsi ini tidak terdapat karya yang pernah diajukan untuk memperoleh gelar kesarjanaan di suatu perguruan tinggi, dan sepanjang pengetahuan saya juga tidak terdapat karya atau pendapat yang pernah ditulis atau diterbitkan oleh orang lain, kecuali yang tertulis diacu dalam naskah ini dan disebut dalam daftar pustaka. Apabila kemudian terbukti lain dan tidak seperti yang saya nyatakan di sini, saya bersedia diproses secara hukum dan siap menanggalkan gelar kesarjanaan saya. Medan, April 2021 Ismi Dara Hasibuan i Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK Ismi Dara Hasibuan (160905003/Antropologi Sosial), 2020. Judul Skripsi Makna Simbolik Ritual Pawang Hujan Pada Masyarakat Karo (Studi Kasus: Kelurahan Tanjung Langkat, Kecamatan Salapian, Kabupaten Langkat). Penelitian Dibimbing Oleh Bapak Drs. Lister Berutu, MA. Ritual pawang hujan suku Karo merupakan tradisi budaya lokal yang dilaksanakan turun-temurun oleh masyarakat suku Karo di Kelurahan Tanjung Langkat, Kecamatan Salapian, Kabupaten Langkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses pelaksanaan ritual pawang hujan serta makna simbolik yang terdapat pada ritual pawang hujan pada suku Karo yang ada di Kelurahan Tanjung Langkat, Kecamatan Salapian, Kabupaten Langkat. Ritual pawang hujan suku Karo yang hingga sekarang masih dilaksanakan oleh suku Karo di kelurahan tanjung langkat, yang mana para masyarakat setempat masih mempercayaai ritual pawang hujan tersebut guna sebagai cara membenteng turunnya hujan pada saat acara-acara tertentu salah satunya dalam acara pernikahan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif, dimana dengan menggunkan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dalam penelitian ini teori yang penulis gunakan dalam menganalisis data yaitu teori Clifford Geertz, menjelaskan bahwa kebudayaan merupakan jaringan dari simbol- simbol yang memiliki makna bagi masyarakat. Simbol-simbol yang muncul untuk dapat memahami tujuan dan makna diadakannya ritual pawang hujan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam ritual pawang hujan Suku Karo di Kelurahan Tanjung Langkat, Kecamatan Salapian, Kabupaten Langkat memiliki beberapa tahapan proses pelaksanaan dalam ritual pawang hujan Suku Karo yaitu berawal dari pemesanan jasa pawang hujan, mempersiapkan media alat dan bahan, persembahan sesajen kepada leluhur, dan tarian gendang silengguri berserta dengan penghembusan asap rokok oleh pawang hujan. Dalam ritual pawang hujan juga terdapat makna simbolik yang terkandung dalam media alat dan bahan yang digunakan serta makna tindakan dukun dalam ritual pawang hujan. Kata Kunci : Makna Simbolik, Ritual, Pawang Hujan ii Universitas Sumatera Utara UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH Alhamdulillah puji syukur kepada Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan Rahmat dan Karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Penulis menyadari skripsi ini tidak akan selesai tanpa adanya doa, dukungan, dan dorongan dari berbagai pihak. Selesainya skripsi ini juga tidak terlepas dari bantuan berbagai pihak. Sebagai bentuk rasa syukur, penulis menyampaikan terimakasih dan penghargaan yang tiada terhingga kepada: Kedua orang tua penulis yaitu Ayahanda Ismail Hasibuan dan Ibunda Masdinar serta abang dan kakak tersayang, Afri Hasibuan, Anda Hasibuan, Esendra Hasibuan, dan Putri Mayawi Hasibuan S.P yang selalu mendoakan, memberikan kasih sayang, motivasi serta dukungan baik moril maupun materil sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan studi ini, semoga Allah SWT selalu melimpahkan rahmatnya kepada kalian. Kepada pihak-pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini, yaitu kepada Bapak Dr. Muryanto Amin, S.Sos., M.Si. selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara. Kepada Bapak Dr. Fikarwin Zuska, MA selaku Ketua Program Studi Antropologi Sosial Universitas Sumatera Utara sekaligus selaku Dosen Pembimbing Akademik penulis di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik. Kepada bapak Drs. Agustrisno MSP, selaku Sekretaris Departemen Antropologi Sosial Universitas Sumatera Utara. Penulis juga mengucapkan terimaksih kepada Bapak Drs. Lister Berutu, MA selaku dosen pembimbing penulisan skripsi karena telah bersedia banyak iii Universitas Sumatera Utara meluangkan waktunya untuk membimbing, mengarahkan, memberikan masukan serta saran dari penulisan proposal sampai penulisan skripsi ini. Kepada Seluruh Dosen Departemen Antropologi Sosial Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik yaitu Ibu dan Bapak Dosen. Dra. Tjut Syahriani, M.Soc.Sc; Dra. Sabariah Bangun, M.Soc.Sc; Dra. Nita Savitri, M.Hum; Prof Dr. R. Hamdani Harahap M.si; Drs. Lister Berutu, MA; Drs Zulkifli Rani, MA; Drs. Yance. M.si; Nurman Achmad S.Sos, M.Soc, Sc; dan Alm. Bapak Drs. Ermansyah, M.Hum, yang telah memberikan berbagai ilmu pengetahuan dan pengalaman yang berbeda-beda kepada penulis pada masa perkuliahan. Serta kepada seluruh staf administrasi Antropologi Sosial yaitu kak Nur, dan Kak Sri penulis ucapakan terimah kasih atas segala bantuan dalam proses akademik yang penulis lalui di Program Studi Antropologi Sosial. Penulis juga mengucapkan banyak terimakasih kepada masyarakat Kelurahan Tanjung Langkat yang sudah menerima penulis dengan baik. Begitu juga dengan para informan penulis yang telah banyak membantu berjalannya proses belajar penulis selama di lapangan. Terimakasih juga untuk sahabat tersayang group “Ecek-ecek Squad” Dhiniyati Aulia, Nur Syawaliah, Yuvi Rahma Dona, Creyzhita Emeliani Sitompul, Ratna Sari Rezeky Harahap, Sakinah Siregar, Sella Ramicha Devi, Jayanti Dongoran, Safri diany, dan Yuliana Pratiwi teman seperjuangan dari semester awal hingga akhir ini, yang mana mereka selalu menjadi teman suka maupun duka selama 4 tahun belakangan ini. Saya ucapkan terima kasih juga kepada teman seperjuangan PKL tepatnya teman satu kamar selama PKL saya Asdani Daulay, Linda Mora Pulungan, Sindy iv Universitas Sumatera Utara Santika, dan Nurul Ain yang telah mendoakan, semangat dan motivasi, dan juga seluruh teman seperjuangan Antropologi Sosial 2016 yang telah memberi semangat, dan motivasi sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan study ini. Medan, April 2021 Ismi Dara Hasibuan v Universitas Sumatera Utara RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS Penulis memiliki nama lengkap Ismi Dara Hasibuan, lahir di Binjai pada tanggal 10 Juni 1998. Penulis merupakan anak ke lima dari lima bersaudara yang merupakan putri dari Bapak Ismail Hasibuan dan Ibu Masdinar. Pendidikan formal yang pernah ditempuh adalah sebagai berikut : Alamat e-mail penulis : [email protected] 1. Pada tahun 2003 memulai pendidikan TK dan lulus tahun 2004 dari TK Swasta Teladan Binjai. 2. Pada tahun 2004 penulis melanjutkan pendidikan SD dan lulus tahun 2010 dari SD Negeri 024764 Binjai. 3. Pada tahun 2010 melanjutkan pendidikan SLTP dan lulus tahun 2013 dari SMP Negeri 2 Binjai. 4. Pada tahun 2013 melanjutkan pendidikan SLTA dan lulus tahun 2016 dari SMA Negeri 3 Binjai. 5. Pada tahun 2016 penulis diterima di Program Studi Antropologi Sosial, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Sumatera Utara. 6. Pada tahun 2016 menjadi peserta inisiasi Antropologi Sosial FISIP USU di kampus. vi Universitas Sumatera Utara 7. Pada tahun 2017 menjadi panitia acara GOMAI Ukmi As-Siyasah FISIP USU. 8. Pada tanggal 20-22 Oktober 2017 mengikuti kegiatan Gamadiksi Green Camp Season 4 di Serdang Bedagai 9. Pada tanggal 24-26 November 2018 menjadi panitia di kegiatan P3AP di Pulau Gambar 10. Pada tanggal 28 November 2018 menjadi panitia acara Maulid Nabi Saw 11. Pada tanggal 18-21 Januari 2019 mengikuti penelitian dalam rangka Pengenalan Komunitas Bagi Antropologi Pemula di Desa Lubuk Kertang. 12. Pada tanggal 25-28 April 2019 mengikuti penelitian di Desa Nagalawan Kecamatan Perbaungan-Sergei. 13. Pada tanggal 15 Juli - 30 Agustus 2019 melaksanakan Praktek Kerja Lapangan (PKL) selama 45 hari di Desa Pekan Tanjung Beringin Kecamatan Tanjung Beringin Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai. 14. Pada bulan februari 2020 melakukan penelitian skripsi di Kelurahan Tanjung Langkat, Kecamatan Salapian, Kabupaten
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