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Traditional Malay Healing in Malaysia: a Juristic Study by Syed Muhammad

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Traditional Malay Healing in Malaysia: a Juristic Study by Syed Muhammad TRADITIONAL MALAY HEALING IN MALAYSIA: A JURISTIC STUDY BY SYED MUHAMMAD SHAHRIZAL B. S. OTHMAN INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA 2008 TRADITIONAL MALAY HEALING IN MALAYSIA: A JURISTIC STUDY BY SYED MUHAMMAD SHAHRIZAL B. S. OTHMAN A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (Fiqh and UÎËl al-Fiqh) Kuliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences International Islamic University Malaysia MARCH 2008 ﴿ ﻭ ﻗﹶ ﺎ ﻝﹶ ﺭ ﺑ ﻜﹸ ﻢ ﺍﺩﻋﻮﻧِﻲ ﺃﹶ ﺳ ﺘ ﺠِ ﺐ ﻟﹶ ﻜﹸ ﻢ ﺇِ ﻥﱠ ﺍ ﻟﱠ ﺬِ ﻳ ﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻜﹾﺒِﺮﻭﹶﻥ ﻋ ﻦ ﻋِ ﺒ ﺎ ﺩ ﺗِ ﻲ ﺳ ﻴ ﺪ ﺧ ﻠﹸ ﻮ ﻥﹶ ﺟ ﻬ ﻨ ﻢ ﺩ ﺍ ﺧِ ﺮِ ﻳ ﻦ ﴾ “And your Lord says: "Call on Me; I will answer your (Prayer): but those who are too arrogant to serve Me will surely find themselves in Hell - in humiliation!” (Al-Qur’Én, GhÉfir: 60) ABSTRACT The Malays are known as a people who have practiced traditional healing since the animistic era and this practice continued throughout the Hindu-Buddhist era up to present day. The Malays use many types of medical techniques for the purpose of treating and curing illnesses and diseases caused by non-spiritual or spiritual elements. It is important to note that there are some spiritual techniques used in traditional Malay healing that follow certain beliefs and contain components which contradict the Islamic SharÊÑah. This research attempts to discuss and examine the practices and types of traditional Malay healing and their compatibility with the Islamic point of view. In so doing, several views and fatÉwÉ from the Islamic scholars will be explored and analyzed in detail. This study used three methods of data collection: library research, interviews with traditional Malay healers and patients, and participant- observation. Results of the research indicate that traditional Malay healers still exist to this day and that they play a major role in the Malay society, particularly in medication. Some medical treatments used by the traditional Malay healers contain non-Islamic ideologies and elements. Additionally, this study also finds that misconception and lack of knowledge are the major reasons for the use of non-Islamic techniques in the practice of traditional Malay healing. ii ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﺮف اﻟﻤﻼﻳﻮﻳﻮن ﺑﺄﻧﻬﻢ ﻗﻮم ﻳﻤﺎرﺳﻮن اﻟﻌﻼج اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي وﻗﺪ آﺎن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﻮﺛﻨﻲ، وﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﻤﺮت هﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﻬﻨﺪ وﺳﻲ-اﻟﺒﻮذي، وﻻﺗﺰال ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ أرﺧﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻼ ﻳ ﻮي إﻟﻰ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ هﺬا. ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻼﻳﻮﻳﻮن اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﻋﻼج وﻣﺪاو اة اﻷدواء واﻷﻣﺮاض، ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت إﻣﺎ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ روﺣﺎﻧﻴﺔ أو ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮأﺧﺮى . وﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬآﺮ وﺟﻮد ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﺮوﺣﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼج اﻟﻤﻼ ﻳﻮي اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪات ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﺘﻌﺎرض ﻣﻊ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ . هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ودراﺳﺔ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺎت وأﻧﻮاع اﻟﻌﻼج اﻟﻤﻼ ﻳﻮي اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي، وﻣﺪى ﺗﺠﺎﻧﺴﻬ ﺎ ﻣ ﻊ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ. وﻣﻦ ٲﺟﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻘﻮم هﺬﻩ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺒﺤﺚ وﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻵراء واﻟﻔﺘﺎوى اﻟﻤﺄﺧﻮذة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﺴ ﻠﻤﻴﻦ. اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻃﺮق ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ وهﻲ : اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎت، وإﺟﺮاء اﻟﻠﻘﺎءات ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺪاوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻼﻳﻮﻳﻴﻦ وأﺧﺮى ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ، وﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮآﻴﻦ. ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ هﺬا اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻮد اﻟﻤﺪاوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻼﻳﻮﻳﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﻴﻦ واﺳﺘﻤﺮارهﻢ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ هﺬا، و أﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻮن دو رًا آ ﺒ ﻴ ﺮً ا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺰي، وﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻷدوﻳﺔ . ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻮﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘ ﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺪاوﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻼ ﻳﻮﻳﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ وأﻳﺪﻳﻮﻟﺠﻴﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ إﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ . ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ، اآﺘﺸﻔ ﺖ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ أن اﻟﻤﻔﺎهﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺎﻃﺌﺔ و ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻳﺸﻜﻼن اﻟ ﺴﺒﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﻦ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﺪاواة اﻟﻤﻼ ﻳﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ. iii APPROVAL PAGE I certify that I have supervised and read this study and that in my opinion, it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (Fiqh and UÎËl al-Fiqh). …..……………………………… Mek Wok Mahmud Supervisor ………………………………….. Noor Azlan Mohd Noor Co-Supervisor I certify that I have read this study and that in my opinion it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (Fiqh and UÎËl al-Fiqh). ………………………………….. Muhammad Amanullah Examiner This dissertation was submitted to the Department of Fiqh and UÎËl al-Fiqh and is accepted as a partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (Fiqh and UÎËl al-Fiqh). ..………………………………… Mek Wok Mahmud Head, Department Fiqh and UÎËl al- Fiqh This dissertation was submitted to the Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences and is accepted as a partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (Fiqh and UÎËl al- Fiqh). ……..…………………………… Hazizan Md. Noon Dean, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences iv DECLARATION I hereby declare that this dissertation is the result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted as a whole for any other degrees at IIUM or other institutions. Syed Muhammad Shahrizal B. S. Othman Signature ……………………… Date ……………..……… v INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA DECLARATION OF COPYRIGHT AND AFFIRMATION OF FAIR USE OF UNPUBLISHED RESEARCH Copyright © 2008 by Syed Muhammad Shahrizal B. S. Othman. All rights reserved. TRADITIONAL MALAY HEALING IN MALAYSIA: A JURUSTIC STUDY No part of this unpublished research may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the copyright holder except as provided below: 1. Any material contained in or derived from this unpublished research may only be used by others in their writing with due acknowledgment. 2. IIUM or its library will have the right to make and transmit copies (print or electronic) for institutional and academic purposes. 3. The IIUM library will have the right to make, store in a retrieval system and supply copies of this unpublished research if requested by other universities and research libraries. Affirmed by Syed Muhammad Shahrizal B. S. Othman …………………….. .……………… Signature Date vi DEDICATION In the name of Allah the Most Gracious the Most Merciful. To my beloved parents: My late father, Syed Othman, may Allah place him in the company of the righteous. My mother, Zahrah, who has always believed in me and prayed for my success. To my dear siblings Syarifah Nur Syafiqah and Syed Muhammad Shah Hasif for their understanding, encouragement and love. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful and the Most Gracious. Foremost, alhamdulillah, all praise be to Allah S.W.T. for giving me the strength and blessing to complete this study. Peace be upon the Apostle of Allah, Prophet Muhammad and upon his true followers. I would like to express my appreciation and deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Mek Wok Mahmud for her valuable advice, patience, and continuous support in supervising this dissertation writing. My thanks also go to my co-supervisor, Dr. Noor Azlan Mohd Noor, for his moral support and assistance. Special appreciation also goes to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Amanullah as the second reader and examiner of this study, who helped me through his suggestions, remarks, and valuable comments to improve the quality of this dissertation. Appreciation is also due to my lecturers for their invaluable ideas and guidance. My everlasting gratitude and love to my beloved mother, Zahrah Agos, for her inspiration, financial and moral support, and prayers. I would also thank to the numerous institutions, individuals and informants who have guided me on the path to completion of this research. Special thanks also to my colleagues and friends, Andak and wife, Ucu, Alang, Dr. Abdul Jalil Ghazali, Mr. Imad and wife, Mohd Rosmizi, Maziah, Shadli and Zaki for their moral support and encouragement. Finally, I would like to express my gratitude and acknowledge Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) for sponsoring my post-graduate studies. May Allah bless them here and in hereafter. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ......................................................................................................................ii Abstract in Arabic ......................................................................................................iii Approval Page............................................................................................................iv Declaration Page ........................................................................................................v Copyright Page...........................................................................................................vi Dedication Page .........................................................................................................vii Acknowledgements....................................................................................................viii List of Figures ............................................................................................................xi Transliteration ............................................................................................................xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION.....................................................................1 1.1. Introduction .............................................................................................1 1.2. Objectives of the Study............................................................................3
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