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Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Azadirachta Indica, Ricinus Commnius , Eclipta Alba, Ascorbic Acid(Vitamin C)

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Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Azadirachta Indica, Ricinus Commnius , Eclipta Alba, Ascorbic Acid(Vitamin C) COMPARISON OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA, RICINUS COMMNIUS , ECLIPTA ALBA, ASCORBIC ACID(VITAMIN C) AND LIV-52 IN RABBITS, AN ANIMAL EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHYLOSOPHY (MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY) FACULTY OF MEDICINE DATTA MEGHE INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES DEEMED UNIVERSITY, NAGPUR. BY BABASAHEB P. KALE DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY JAWAHARLAL NEHRU MEDICAL COLLEGE, SAWANGI (M), WARDHA 2013 DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY JAWAHARLAL NEHRU MEDICAL COLLEGE, SAWANGI (M), WARDHA Certificate Certified that the work embodied in this thesis for the degree of Ph.D. in Medical Pharmacology of Datta Meghe Institute Of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, entitled Comparison of antioxidant activity of Azadirachta Indica,Ricinus Communis Eclipta Alba, Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) and Liv-52 in rabbits,animal experimental-study. Was undertaken by Babasaheb P. Kale and carried out in department of Pharmacology,J.N.M.C. Sawangi (M), Wardha, under my direct supervision and guidance. Dr. S. S. Patel M.D. Pharmacology, Supervisor and Guide, Professor, Wardha Department of Pharmacology, and Chief Coordinator, Date: DMIMSU, Sawangi (M), Wardha - 442004. MAHARASHTRA DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY JAWAHARLAL NEHRU MEDICAL COLLEGE, SAWANGI (M), WARDHA Certificate This is to certify that the present work entitled Comparison of antioxidant activity of Azadirachta Indica,Ricinus Communis, Eclipta Alba, Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) and Liv-52 in rabbits,animal experimental-study has been carried out by Babasaheb P. Kale in this Department. (Dr. Rajesh Kumar Jha) M.D. Pharmacology, Professor and HOD, Pharmacology Department, J.N.M.C. Wardha Sawangi (M), Wardha – 442004. Date: MAHARASHTRA Acknowledgement… First and foremost I offer my sincerest gratitude to my fatherly supervisor, Dr. S. S. Patel, Prof. Pharmacology Dept. and Chief Coordinator, DMIMS, Sawangi (M), who has supported me throughout my thesis with his patience and knowledge whilst allowing me the room to work in my own way. I attribute the level of my Doctorate degree to his encouragement and effort and without him this thesis, too, would not have been completed or written. One simply could not wish for a better or friendlier supervisor. I place my deep sense of gratitude and thanks to Shri. Dattaji Meghe Chancellor DMIMSU and Shri Sagarji Meghe, Treasurer, DMIMSU, Sawangi (M), for providing all the required facilities in the institution for research work. I would like to thank Dr. Ved Prakash Mishra, chif advidosor, for his timely help and encouragement to carry out research. I would like to thank Dr. Dilip Gode, Vice Chancellor, for his encouragement to carry out research. I wish to thank Dr.S.Shrivastava, Dean, JNMC, Sawangi (M) for his kind cooperation. I wish to express my deep gratitude to Dr. D. Biswas, Vice Dean, JNMC, Sawangi (M) who deserve special thanks as my thesis committee members and advisors for providing his able guidance, his timely help and formatting the consent form. I place my deep sense of gratefulness to Dr.S.S.Pathak, in charge, Central Research Laboratory, DMIMS, Sawangi (M) for teaching me everything I know about the biochemical part of my thesis, his support and encouragement during the conduct of my research. The Department of Central Research Laboratory has provided the support and equipment I have needed to complete my thesis. I wish to extend my gratefulness and thanks to Dr. R K Jha, Prof. and HOD, Pharmacology Dept, JNMC, Sawangi (M) for his kind cooperation and support at every stage of my research. I would like to thank Dr. Phadke, Prof. Pharmacology Dept, and Dr. Mrs. P. S. Zade, Ex-Prof. Pharmacology Dept, for proving moral support. I also wish to thank Dr. Linesh Khobragade, Prof. Pharmacology Dept, for his help me. I would like to show my gratitude to my collogues Dr. Mrs. S. Totade, , Dr. Mrs. Asha Jha, Dr. Mrs. Leena Chimurkar, Dr. Sangita Jogdand for the kind co-operation extended by them. My sincere thanks to Dr. Mrs. Sunita Yadav and Dr. Pravin Manjanekar, and Dr. Amita Patil, P.G. Students, Dept. of Pharmacology, for their kind cooperation and valuable help they extended to me during my research work. Introduction I thank Dr. Sushil Panda, Dr. Rahul Badwaik, Dr. Ankit Ranpura, Dr. Sagar Raut, Dr. Balaji Patil, Dr. Anita Yuvanate, Dr. Kalpesh Kawar, Dr. Swapnil Kaikade, Dr. Shraddha Jarande, Dr. Cana Ghiya, Dr. Kiran Giri, Dr. Taviz, Dr. Amit and Dr. Rohit Rathod for their cooperation. I would like to thank Dr. Mrs. Gokhale, Principal, MGACH and RC, Salod (H) and Dr. S. Bhutada, Vice Principal, MGACH and RC, Salod (H) and Dr, Anita Wanjari, Assoc. Prof, Rasashastra and Bhaishijya Kalpana Dept, MGACH and RC, Salod (H), for their kind co-operation and provision for uninterrupted supply of freshly prepared Hemidesmus root powder throughout my research work and Dr. Sudhir Kandekar, Prof. HOD, Anatomy Dept, MGACH and RC, Salod (H) for his co-operation in library work. Also I am very much thankful to Dr. Chandrashekhar, Prof. HOD, Dravyaguna Dept, Salod (H) for his able guidance in identification of plant and preparation of Herbarium sheets.. My sincere thanks go to Dr. Milind Nisargandh, Asst. Prof. Physiology Dept. for his help me. My sincere thanks go to Mr. Bharambe, Librarian, JNMC Savangi (M) for providing all sorts of library facilities of books, periodicals and digital library liberally. I would like to thank Mr. Brahmankar, A.O. And Mr. Deepak Joshi, Bio-Medical Engineer for their kind support in urgent repairs of 6 Introduction equipments and also many other situations. In my daily work I have been blessed with a friendly and cheerful group of technicians Amol Pandav,Mamta and Deepali Deshpande and attendant Ravi Padole without whom the work would have been a exhausting and disappointing experiment. I am thankful to Mr. Sunil Rahate, Mrs. Sandhya Kamadi, , Mrs. Sushila Samudre, staff of Pharmacology Department, for their kind cooperation and help. My deepest gratitude goes to my parents, Mrs Gayabai Kale. and Mr Pirtaji Kale for their unflagging love and support throughout my life, this dissertation is simply impossible without them. I am indebted to my parents for their care, love and support. They are simply perfect. I have no suitable words to describe the everlasting love of my kids Harshali and Harshawardhan. I remember their constant support when I encountered difficulties and how they have brightened my life. I deeply appreciate my wife, Dr. Nilima Kale for the care, cooperation , constant inspiration , moral support and encouragement rendered by her. Furthermore, Dr. S. S. Patel and Mrs. Sheela Patel have always been a constant source of encouragement during my doctoral study. 7 Introduction They are like my spiritual father and mother who encouraged and helped me enormously. It is not possible for me to mention name of each relative and friend whose direct or indirect help has contributed to the completion of this study. Joining JNMC, Sawangi (M) was not only a turning point in my life, but also a wonderful experience. I cherished the prayers and support between me and the people at JNMC, Sawangi (M). I treasured all precious moments we shared and would really like to thank them. Furthermore, I am grateful to come across several life-long friends at work. Lastly special mention is for thesubject of my study-rabbits without whose active participation in all phases of works, this study would neve have been completed. Last but not least, thanks to God for my successful life through all tests in the past years. You have made my life more bountiful. May your name be exalted, honored, and glorified forever and for all. … Babasaheb P. Kale 1.0 INTRODUCTION 8 Introduction Maharishi chyawan suffered the premature aging and related health problems. He was benefited from use of a formulation provided to him by Ashwini twins and this formulation was eventually known as Chyawanprash. It can also be interpreted that, Chyawanprash is a formulation which is capable of arresting the degenerative processes, reflected in the world, Chyawana. The mythological linkage of Chyawanprash thus brings forth, its specific usage attributed and its effectiveness in arresting a degenerative process. Charaka samhit a reiterates its role as a Rasayana citing the instance of Maharshi Chyawana. The regular use of Chyawanprash promotes intellect, memory complexion and overall health. It is also said to contribute to longevity to strengthen sensory organs, to promote sexual vigor digestive and metabolic fire. Chyawanprash exhibits antioxidant properties. Due to its free radical scavenger activity, Chyawanprash might help in modification of risk factors of myocardial ischemia and may also be responsible for its anti-ageing effect. (1) Oxygen is essential for aerobic life process. However, cells under aerobic condition are threatened with the insult of reactive oxygen molecules that are efficiently taken care of by the powerful antioxidant system in human body. Aerobic life is characterized as continuous production of oxidants balanced by equivalent synthesis of antioxidants a shift of the balance on the oxidant side may trigger a cascade of reaction leading to the formation of highly reactive cytotoxic compounds such as ROMs. The improper balance between ROMs production and antioxidant defenses system results in "oxidative stress", which deregulates the cellular functions leading to various pathological conditions. ROMs overproduction induced by different exogenous and endogenous 9 Introduction mechanism may exhaust the antioxidant system
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