DOCSLIB.ORG

249 Academia De Guardias Marinas, Cádiz, 18–19, 22 Académie De Marine, Brest, 50, 55, 168, 175 Académie Des Sciences (Franc

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
249 Academia De Guardias Marinas, Cádiz, 18–19, 22 Académie De Marine, Brest, 50, 55, 168, 175 Académie Des Sciences (Franc Index Page numbers in bold refer to illustrations and captions. Academia de Guardias Marinas, Cádiz, Arnold, John (1736–99), 214, 223, 230 18–19, 22 Arrowsmith, Aaron (1750–1823), 121 Académie de marine, Brest, 50, 55, artificial horizon, 226, 233 168, 175 Astrolabe (ship), 190, 192 Académie des sciences (France), 2, 6, Astronomer Royal (Britain), see Airy, 8, 56, 76, 139, 174–5, 186 George; Bliss, Nathaniel; and Bureau des longitudes, 67, Bradley, James; Flamsteed, John; 70–1, 72 Halley, Edmond; Maskelyne, closure of, 69 Nevil and Connaissance des temps, 55, 56, astronomical clock, 102, 144, 170, 58, 69 172, 231 and longitude, 159–63, 168–9, 171, astronomical quadrant, 18, 23, 101, 184 121, 164, 170–1, 172 and metrology, 136–7, 139 Astronomical Society, 138 and nautical astronomy, 49–53, 55, Atlantic Ocean, 5, 21, 23, 39, 122, 58 147, 171, 174, 180, 183, 193, survey expeditions of, 16, 49, 135, 238 140–3 Atrevida (ship), 22–3 and voyages of exploration, 186–7, Aurore (ship), 159, 163–5, 164, 171 190–2 Australia, 16, 125, 182, 212 see also Meslay Prize Academy of Sciences (Russia), 126 backstaff (Davis quadrant), 113, 174 Admiralty Baltic Sea, 39, 92, 111, 112, 113, 114, British, 90, 115, 122 164 Dutch, 35–6 Banks, Joseph (1743–1820), 4, 25, 73, of Amsterdam, 32, 34, 43 140, 144, 205, 214 of the Maze, 35, 36 Barlow, Peter (1776–1862), 121–2 of Rotterdam, 34 Baudin, Nicolas (1754–1803), 189, Russian, 114, 117, 119 190, 191, 194 see also Royal Navy Bellingshausen, Thaddeus von (1778– Airy, George Biddell (1801–92), 77, 1852), 120, 122, 125, 126 149, 151 Bemmelen, Abraham van (1779– Alexander I, Tsar (1777–1825), 120–1 1842), 34, 40, 41 Americas, 32, 119, 135, 182 Bengal, 214, 215 North America, 90, 100, 118, 120, Bay of, 207, 237 151, 212 Bentham, Samuel (1757–1831), 117, South America, 14, 17, 18, 20, 22, 118 23, 25, 26, 72, 77, 168 Berthoud, Ferdinand (1727–1807), 3, Arago, François (1786–1853), 67, 72, 8, 159, 160–3, 183, 191 192 marine timekeepers by, 22, 23, 37, Arnold (firm) 183–5, 186–7, 191 marine timekeepers by, 23, 37, 121, sea trials of, 163, 168–74 184, 213, 239 Traité des horloges marines, 35 249 250 Index Berthoud, Louis (1759–1813), 186–7, see also Admiralty; Board of 188, 191 Longitude; Greenwich; London; Biot, Jean-Baptiste (1774–1862), 72, Royal Navy; Royal Observatory, 78, 144–5, 146, 190 Greenwich; Royal Society; Bird, John (1709–76), 18, 73, 96, 138, Scotland; ships 153, 210 Buen Consejo (ship), 20–1 Bliss, Nathaniel (1700–64), 99 Bureau des longitudes (France), 6, 7, Board of Longitude (Britain), 2, 7, 43, 38, 39, 43, 65–79, 92 69–70, 73, 77–9, 90, 92, 103, foundation of, 65, 68–70, 188 115, 119, 159, 223 membership of, 70–1, 72–3, 182, Longitude Act (1714), 2, 48, 50, 51, 187, 190, 191 90, 159, 204 rewards from, 65, 74 longitude rewards, 2, 3, 38, 48, survey expeditions of, 72, 77 56–7, 115–16, 121, 159, 161 see also Connaissance des temps; research project on, 3, 4–5, 28, 203 Greenwich-Paris triangulation, sea trials, 3, 104, 117–18 second; Observatoire de Paris see also Nautical Almanac Bombay Observatory, 231, 240 Cádiz, 165–72 passim Borda, Jean-Charles de (1733–99), 20, Academia de Guardias Marinas, 53–4, 72, 144, 171–2, 173, 174, 18–19, 22 187 meridian of, 20–6 Borda circle, 26, 38, 187–9, 193 Real Observatorio, 5, 14, 18, 19, Borda rule, 137, 144, 149, 150 23, 27 Bougainville, Louis Antoine de calendar (1729–1811), 72, 100–1, 181–3, Republican, 69, 188 186 Cambridge, University of, 4, 90, 100, 102 Bouguer, Pierre (1698–1758), 49–50, Canary Islands, 13, 20, 165, 170 53, 55, 57, 60, 160, 169 Cape Horn, 22, 26, 125, 185 Bradley, James (1693–1762), 99, Cape of Good Hope, 14–15, 20, 21, 101–2, 162, 203, 204 51, 52, 120, 184, 237, 238 Brander, Gustavus (1720–87), 95–8, Cape Town, 52, 184 102 Cape Verde, 13, 16, 51, 170, 172 Bréguet (firm), 37, 191 Caroché, Noël-Simon (1740–1813), Bréguet, Abraham-Louis (1747–1823), 72, 74–5 191 cartography, 7, 13–14, 17, 20–6, 32, Bréguet, Louis François Clement 40, 42, 70, 112, 118, 168–71, (1804–83), 73, 191 174, 211–13, 228–31, 236, 239 Britain, 3, 6–8, 13, 73, 78, 93, 98, see also charts; meridians; surveying 102–4, 115, 194, 201–2, 208, Cassini, César-François [Cassini III] 215 (1714–84), 50, 58, 140, 142, 166 British metrology, 137–8, 140–2, Cassini, Jean-Dominique [Cassini IV] 144–7, 149, 150–1, 180 (1748–1845), 20, 72, 74, 140, British Museum, 95 166, 167, 168 and France, 48, 59, 69, 74, 100, Catherine II, Empress (1729–96), 117 161–2, 166, 168, 188 Chagos Archipelago, 237, 239 and Netherlands, 32–3, 37–9, 43 Charnières, Charles-François de and Russia, 111, 116, 117–18, (1740–80), 163, 164, 169, 170, 119–22, 126–7 171, 183, 187 and Sweden, 89–90, 92, 95–6 see also mégamètre Index 251 charts currents (ocean), 2, 4, 39, 42, 169, accuracy of, 125, 181, 193, 237 186, 227, 228, 237, 238, 240 longitude on, 32 loss of, 125 d’Alembert, Jean-Baptiste le Rond production and revision of, 7, 22–3, (1717–83), 50, 57, 58, 100, 203 34, 40, 51, 114, 126, 168–71, Dalrymple, Alexander (1737–1808), 174, 181, 211–13, 229–31, 211, 212–14, 229, 230, 234, 241 235–6, 241 Davis quadrant (backstaff), 113, 174 purchase and supply of, 36, 39, 114, dead reckoning, 116, 134, 169, 173 230, 235 description of, 2, 206 use of, 4, 5, 7, 34, 38, 114, 122, 206, use of, 3–4, 8, 9, 122–3, 181, 182, 209, 224, 229–30, 238 186, 189, 203, 208–15 passim, see also cartography; meridians; 227–8, 235–9 passim surveying see also compass; longitude; Chatham (ship), 212 navigation; speed, China, 118, 120, 213, 214, 215, measurement of 238, 240 declination chronometer, see timekeeper method; magnetic, see magnetic variation timekeepers solar, 53, 55, 167 Churchman, John (1753–1805), Delambre, Jean-Baptiste Joseph (1749– 119 1822), 26, 38–9, 72 circle (instrument), see Borda circle; Delisle, Joseph-Nicolas (1688–1768), Mayer, Tobias, reflecting circle 55, 58, 113 Clairaut, Alexis-Claude (1713–65), d’Entrecasteaux, Antoine Bruni 49–50, 51, 56–9, 60, 160, (1737–93), 184, 186–8, 190, 203 192, 193 Clarke, Alexander Ross (1828–1914), depth (ocean), see sounding 148–50 Descubierta (ship), 22–3 Commissioners of Longitude, see Diana (ship), 118, 120 Board of Longitude Discovery (ship), 212 compass (magnetic), 53, 112, 114, Dixon, Jeremiah (1733–79), 139, 142 121–3, 138, 164, 173, 208, 209, dockyards, 18–19, 89, 96, 101–4, 211, 227, 228, 235, 239 117–18 azimuth, 20, 42, 121, 122, 169 Plymouth, 102–4 computers, 56, 68 Portsmouth, 103–4, 117 Connaissance des temps Dollond (firm) content of, 25, 54–6, 58–9, 169 instruments by, 18, 97, 121 production of, 52, 66, 69, 140, Dollond, John (1707–61), 90, 96 188 Dumont d’Urville, Jules Sébastien use of, 23, 53, 60, 183, 186–7 César (1790–1842), 189, 190, Cook, James (1728–79), 117, 206 192 observations by, 125, 186 Dunn, Samuel (1723–94), 207, 208, reputation of, 118, 119, 125–6, 186 234 voyages of, 8, 118, 119, 125–6, 202 Dutch East India Company (VOC), 33, third, 118 38, 39–40, 41, 43 Coquille (ship), 190, 191, 193 see also East India Company Courtanvaux, François César Le (British) Tellier, marquis de (1718–81), Dutch Republic, 33, 40, 43 162, 163–5, 164 see also Netherlands 252 Index Earth Fleurieu, Charles-Pierre Claret, comte shape of, 7, 16–17, 18, 48, 49, de (1738–1810), 20, 163, 122, 135–6, 143, 147, 149–51, 168–71, 182, 184–9 passim 191, 208 Flore (ship), 20, 159, 163, 171–5 East India Company (British), 8–9, 96, Florijn, Jacob (1751–1818), 34, 35–6, 120, 202–3 39, 40 Committee of Shipping, 232–5 France, 3, 5–6, 13, 15, 22, 47–60, Hydrographers to, see Dalrymple, 65–79, 100, 120, 134, 144, Alexander; Horsburgh, James 159–75, 180–94 observatories, 230–2 and Britain, 48, 59, 69, 74, 100, promotion of longitude methods, 161–2, 166, 168, 188 115, 212, 214, 230, 234–6, 241 French metrology, 6, 66, 71, 77, surveys, 238–40 136–7, 140–9, 150–1, 180 use of longitude methods, 8–9, 206, navy, 48, 53, 54, 69, 72, 159–61 209–10, 211–15, 223–41 passim, 169, 171, 175, 183, see also Dutch East India Company 193–4 eclipses and Netherlands, 33, 35, 37–9, solar and lunar, 14, 20, 58, 71, 43 174, 227 periods 180 see also Jupiter’s satellites, method Napoleonic, 147, 189 education, see training Old Regime, 43, 181–5 Ellicott, John (1702/3–72), 18, Restoration, 190–4 99–101 Revolutionary, 6, 25, 65, 66, 69, England, see Britain 185–90 English Channel, 136, 139, 140–2, Third Republic, 66 141, 147–8, 149 and Spain, 25, 26–7 Enjouée (ship), 159, 163, 165–8 see also Académie des sciences; Entrecasteaux, Antoine Bruni d’, see Bureau des longitudes; d’Entrecasteaux, Antoine Bruni Greenwich-Paris triangulation; ephemerides, 51, 53, 55, 56–60, 68, Ministère de la Guerre; 69, 71 Ministère de la Marine; nautical espionage, scientific and industrial, almanacs; Observatoire de Paris; 18–19, 90, 94, 104 Paris; ships Euler, Leonhard (1707–83), 100, 113, Franklin, Benjamin (1706–90), 100 115–16, 118, 203 Fraunhofer, Joseph von (1787–1826), lunar theory of, 57, 58, 59, 115 73–4 expertise, 7, 16, 48–50, 68–72, 77, 98, Freycinet, Louis Claude de Saulces de 111, 113, 117, 119–21, 125–7, (1779–1841), 72, 190, 191, 193 168, 175 Galilei, Galileo (1564–1642), 2, 47, 48 Favorite (ship), 190, 192, 193 geodesy, 6, 52, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, Faye, Hervé (1814–1902), 68, 71, 72, 74, 77–9, 134–52 78–9 in Lapland, 16, 48, 137, 143 Ferrner, Bengt (1724–1802), 6, 89–105, in Scotland, 144–5, 146 91 in South America, 16, 18, 137, 143 figure of the Earth, see Earth Géographe (ship), 189 Flamsteed, John (1646–1719), 134, glass (optical), 73, 74, 97 136, 151 Golovnin, Vasilii Mikhailovich lunar theory of, 203–4 (1776–1831),
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Early Maritime Navigation Unit Plan
    EARLY MARITIME NAVIGATION UNIT PLAN Compelling How did advances in marine navigation, from the 13th century C.E. through the 18th century Question C.E., help to catapult Western Europe into global preeminence? C3 Historical Thinking Standards – D2.His.1.9-12. Evaluate how historical events and developments were shaped by unique circumstances of time and place as well as broader historical contexts. Standards C3 Historical Thinking Standards – D2.His.2.9-12. and Analyze change and continuity in historical eras. Practices Common Core Content Standards – CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.WHST.9-10.1.B Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying data and evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both claim(s) and counterclaims in a discipline-appropriate form and in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge level and concerns. Staging the How do advances in marine navigation technology help nations develop and sustain world Question influence? Supporting Supporting Supporting Supporting Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Why has the sea been What is navigation and How does being posed How did STEM confer crucial to the fate of what special challenges with a challenge lead us to advantages to a society’s nations, empires, and does the sea pose to innovation and progress? ability to navigate the civilizations? travelers? world’s oceans? Formative Formative Formative Formative Performance Task 1 Performance Task 2 Performance Task 3 Performance Task 4 1) Look at the planet’s 1) In pairs ask your 1) Compass Lesson Plan 1) Drawing connections to physical geography, partner to draw you a (Lesson is located below the last three questions, all the Print Documents) build an argument that map from school to a view the Longitude video the sea was better at specific location in your Discover how the (07:05 min) connecting cultures town.
    [Show full text]
  • Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76518-3 — the Making of the Modern Admiralty C
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76518-3 — The Making of the Modern Admiralty C. I. Hamilton Index More Information Index Accountant-General, 60; of the Navy Arbuthnot, Charles, 97–8 (from 1832): 65, 125, 138, 146, Army Staff, 222 189–93, 295 (see also estimates); Arnold-Forster, H. O., 198, 217 staff, 164, 188, 192 Asquith, H. H., 224 administrative board, 31 Assistant Secretary for Finance Duties Admiralty (see also Admiralty Office; (see also Secretariat), 192 Board of Admiralty; Childers, H. C. E.; Aube, H.-L.-T., 172 First and Second (Permanent) Auckland, George Eden, Earl of, 119, 134 Secretaries; Geddes, E.; Goschen, Awdry, Richard, 191, 201, 205 George; Graham, Sir James; ‘mob from the North’; Naval Staff; Navy Bacon, Sir Reginald, (Kt. 1916), 215 Board; Navy Pay Office; Principal Baddeley, Vincent, (Kt. 1921), 205, 206, 259 Officers; Private Office; Victualling Balfour, A. J., 237, 238 Board; Secretariat; Sick and Hurt Ballard, G. A., 222, 223 Office; Sixpenny Office; Transport Bank of England, 28 Office; War Staff): administration/ Barham, Lord, see Middleton, Charles policy divide, 266–7, 275, 279, 288, Barnaby, Nathaniel (Kt. 1885), 136, 162, 307; attacks on, 312; civil–military 173, 194–5 division in (see also Godfrey, John), Barrow, John (cr. baronet, 1835) (see also 68–9, 279, 289, 297–302, 313, 314; Second Secretary): 6, 12, 52, 57, 63; committees, 110–11, 120–3, 186–9, administration and policy of, 41, 51, 215; communications, 176, 220, 64, 68–9, 75, 93, 100–1, 103, 152, 248–50; demobilisation, 274, 276; 163; and Benthamism, 54; and development, 2–3, 23, 234–6; J.
    [Show full text]
  • Memoirs of Hydrography
    MEMOIRS 07 HYDROGRAPHY INCLUDING Brief Biographies of the Principal Officers who have Served in H.M. NAVAL SURVEYING SERVICE BETWEEN THE YEARS 1750 and 1885 COMPILED BY COMMANDER L. S. DAWSON, R.N. I 1s t tw o PARTS. P a r t II.—1830 t o 1885. EASTBOURNE: HENRY W. KEAY, THE “ IMPERIAL LIBRARY.” iI i / PREF A CE. N the compilation of Part II. of the Memoirs of Hydrography, the endeavour has been to give the services of the many excellent surveying I officers of the late Indian Navy, equal prominence with those of the Royal Navy. Except in the geographical abridgment, under the heading of “ Progress of Martne Surveys” attached to the Memoirs of the various Hydrographers, the personal services of officers still on the Active List, and employed in the surveying service of the Royal Navy, have not been alluded to ; thereby the lines of official etiquette will not have been over-stepped. L. S. D. January , 1885. CONTENTS OF PART II ♦ CHAPTER I. Beaufort, Progress 1829 to 1854, Fitzroy, Belcher, Graves, Raper, Blackwood, Barrai, Arlett, Frazer, Owen Stanley, J. L. Stokes, Sulivan, Berard, Collinson, Lloyd, Otter, Kellett, La Place, Schubert, Haines,' Nolloth, Brock, Spratt, C. G. Robinson, Sheringham, Williams, Becher, Bate, Church, Powell, E. J. Bedford, Elwon, Ethersey, Carless, G. A. Bedford, James Wood, Wolfe, Balleny, Wilkes, W. Allen, Maury, Miles, Mooney, R. B. Beechey, P. Shortland, Yule, Lord, Burdwood, Dayman, Drury, Barrow, Christopher, John Wood, Harding, Kortright, Johnson, Du Petit Thouars, Lawrance, Klint, W. Smyth, Dunsterville, Cox, F. W. L. Thomas, Biddlecombe, Gordon, Bird Allen, Curtis, Edye, F.
    [Show full text]
  • The Quest for Longitude
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Press Contacts: Garland Scott, (202) 675-0342, [email protected] Esther French, (202) 675-0326, [email protected] Press Tour: Wednesday, March 18, 10:30 am Reservations requested, [email protected] New Exhibition—Ships, Clocks & Stars: The Quest for Longitude The solution to one of the greatest technical challenges of the eighteenth century Produced by the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London Proudly sponsored by United Technologies Corporation On exhibit March 19 – August 23, 2015 Washington, DC— For centuries, longitude (east-west position) was a matter of life and death at sea. Ships that went off course had no way to re-discover their longitude. With no known location, they might smash into underwater obstacles or be forever lost at sea. The award-winning exhibition, Ships, Clocks & Stars: The Quest for Longitude, produced by the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, London, celebrates the 300th anniversary of the British Longitude Act of 1714, which offered huge rewards for any practical way to determine longitude at sea. The longitude problem was so difficult that—despite that incentive—it took five decades to solve it. Through extraordinary, historic materials—many from the collection of the National Maritime Museum—the exhibition tells the story of the clockmakers, astronomers, naval officers, and others who pursued the long "quest for longitude" to ultimate success. John Harrison’s work in developing extremely advanced marine timekeepers, which was vital to finally solving the problem of longitude, took place against a backdrop of almost unprecedented collaboration and investment. Featured in this complex and fascinating history are the names of Galileo, Isaac Newton, Captain James Cook, and William Bligh of HMS Bounty.
    [Show full text]
  • Save Our Ships! Navigation on the High Seas
    Save Our Ships! Navigation on the High Seas Introduction Navigation is determining where you are and how to get where you're going. Navigation tools help you travel from one place to another efficiently and safely. Early sea navigation depended upon a mariner's ability to determine latitude by observing the height of the sun in daylight and the North Star and major constellations at night. Such observations were not exact and could be unreliable. Beginning in the 13th century, advancements in navigational tools and scientific methods made navigation more exact and travel by ship safer; however, by the early 18th century, ships still lost their way frequently, with sometimes disastrous results. In this problem- based lesson, students read about the Scilly disaster of 1707, determine its causes, and then choose and explain which navigational tools might have prevented the disaster. Objectives In this lesson, students: • identify the cause(s) of the Scilly naval disaster of 1707 • place the development of navigational tools in chronological order • problem-solve to figure out what navigational tools could have prevented the Scilly disaster • use their knowledge of navigational tools to answer the question “How did mariners use navigational tools to solve the challenges of early oceanic travel?” Materials • Navigational Tools Graphic Organizer • Scilly Naval Disaster of 1707 • Timeline of the Development of Navigational Tools • Navigational Tools Cards • scissors • tape © 2015 The Colonial  ƒoundation 1 Save Our Ships! Navigation on the High Seas Strategy 1. Ask students to think about the kinds of tools we have today to help us find our way when traveling.
    [Show full text]
  • SHOVELL and the LONGITUDE How the Death of Crayford’S Famous Admiral Shaped the Modern World
    SHOVELL AND THE LONGITUDE How the death of Crayford’s famous admiral shaped the modern world Written by Peter Daniel With Illustrations by Michael Foreman Contents 1 A Forgotten Hero 15 Ships Boy 21 South American Adventure 27 Midshipman Shovell 33 Fame at Tripoli 39 Captain 42 The Glorious Revolution 44 Gunnery on the Edgar 48 William of Orange and the Troubles of Northern Ireland 53 Cape Barfleur The Five Days Battle 19-23 May 1692 56 Shovell comes to Crayford 60 A Favourite of Queen Anne 65 Rear Admiral of England 67 The Wreck of the Association 74 Timeline: Sir Cloudsley Shovell 76 The Longitude Problem 78 The Lunar Distance Method 79 The Timekeeper Method 86 The Discovery of the Association Wreck 90 Education Activities 91 Writing a Newspaper Article 96 Design a Coat of Arms 99 Latitude & Longitude 102 Playwriting www.shovell1714.crayfordhistory.co.uk Introduction July 8th 2014 marks the tercentenary of the Longitude Act (1714) that established a prize for whoever could identify an accurate method for sailors to calculate their longitude. Crayford Town Archive thus have a wonderful opportunity to tell the story of Sir Cloudesley Shovell, Lord of the Manor of Crayford and Rear Admiral of England, whose death aboard his flagship Association in 1707 instigated this act. Shovell, of humble birth, entered the navy as a boy (1662) and came to national prominence in the wars against the Barbary pirates. Detested by Pepys, hated by James II, Shovell became the finest seaman of Queen Anne’s age. In 1695 he moved to Crayford after becoming the local M.P.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Board of Longitude Instruments in the Nineteenth Century
    SOME BOARD OF LONGITUDE INSTRUMENTS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY A.N. STIMSON National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London A series of calamitous British disasters at sea occurred at the turn of the 17th century, many of which can be attributed to poor navigation compounded by inability to find longitude. Perhaps the most momentous was that of Sir Cloudsley Shovel's returning Mediterranean Squadron which was comprehensively wrecked on the Scilly Islands in 1707 with the loss of four large warships and nearly 2000 men.1 An increasing public outcry at this regular loss of life and keenly felt loss of trade revenue resulted in an Act of Parliament which was intended to improve the inadequate state of navigation by stimulating an answer to the seemingly impossible problem of finding longitude at sea. On 20th July, 1714 Queen Anne gave her assent to "A Bill for Providing a Public Reward for such Person or Persons as shall Discover the Longitude at Sea". £ 20,000, an enormous sum of money at that time, was to be awarded to anyone who could provide a practical solution of general utility which would enable a navigator to find his ship's position to within twenty geographical miles. Lesser sums were to be awarded for methods which produced less accurate results.2 To oversee the management of these awards and to judge the prac- ticability of the solutions proposed, the Act provided for a Board of Commissioners. This was composed of the best scientific and seafaring minds of the day in addition to the inevitable political appointments.
    [Show full text]
  • 1908 September
    THE ROYAL ENGINEERS JO UIRNAL Vol. Vii. No. 3 SEPTEMBER, 1908. OONTENTS. PAOa 1. Studies on the Use of Field Telegraphs in South Afrie. By GODFREY-FAussETT, R.E. (With Major E. G. Plates) ... .. .. 2. Description of a Ferro-Concrete . 37 Bridge in the Britiah Infantry Lines Ahmednagar. By Major A. H. D. RILCH, at R.E ... ... ... I43 3. Dore Bridge. By Col. G. K. SCOTT-MONCRIEFF, C.B., C.I E., R.E. (With Pto) 14 4. Water Supply Companies. By Capt. P. H. FRENCH, R.E. 53 5. DemolUtion of aChimney. By Lieut. D. OGILVY, R.E . "... 6. An Improved Method of Signalling. By Major A. H. D. RIACH, R.E. -157 7. The Maps of Glareanus. By Major-Gen. E. RENOUARD JAMES, late RE. (With P.at) ... ... .. 159 8. The SM.E. Workshops. By Lt.-Col. B. R WARD, R.E. ... 9 9. Transeripts -. 6 :--Organization of the Military Engineers Boltin in France. (Translated from the del/.Jinisteria e Guerra y Marina by 'M.')... The ... 173 Use of Sandbags as Cover in the Attack. Milleilunten ieber (Translated from the Cegensta'nde des Ariilleriti-end Geniaesens by the General Staff, W.O.) ... ... 180 10. Review:-Field Engineering in Von Lobell's Annual for 19o7. (' E.') . ... 183 11. Notice of Magazine ....... * 18 12. Recent Publications of Military Interest ... ' " . ..* · . - ... 18987 j HAWKES & CO., LTD., CAP AND ACCOUTREMENT TAILORS AND MILITARY OUTFITTERS, MANUFACTURERS, LONDON. Ia.Il PICCADILLY, Engingers. Patronized by many Officers of ths Royal G. E. CARRINGTON, For many years Master Tailor, Royal Engineers, TAILOR &MILITARY OUTFITTER, 53, HIGH STREET, OLD BROMPTON, KENT.
    [Show full text]
  • (2015) Log Books and the Law of Storms: Maritime Meteorology and the British Admiralty in the Nineteenth Century
    Naylor, S. (2015) Log books and the law of storms: maritime meteorology and the British Admiralty in the Nineteenth Century. Isis, 106(4), pp. 771-797. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/107685/ Deposited on: 30 June 2015 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Log Books and the Law of Storms: Maritime Meteorology and the British Admiralty in the Nineteenth Century By Simon Naylor1 Abstract This paper contributes to debates about the relationship between science and the military by examining the British Admiralty’s participation in meteorological projects in the first half of the nineteenth century. It focuses on attempts to transform Royal Naval log books into standardized meteorological registers that would be of use to both science and the state. The paper begins with a discussion of Admiralty Hydrographer, Francis Beaufort, who promoted the use of standardized systems for the observation of the weather at sea. It then examines the application of ships’ logs to the science of storms. The paper focuses on the Army Engineer, William Reid, who studied hurricanes while stationed in Barbados and Bermuda. Reid was instrumental in persuading the Admiralty to implement a naval meteorological policy, something the Admiralty Hydrographer had struggled to achieve. The paper uses the reception and adoption of work on storms at sea to reflect on the means and ends of maritime meteorology in the mid-nineteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Longitude Prize
    Explorations in Economic History 64 (2017) 21–36 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Explorations in Economic History journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eeh ☆ Prizes, patents and the search for longitude MARK ⁎ M. Diane Burtona, Tom Nicholasb, a ILR School, Cornell University, 170 Ives Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA b Harvard Business School, Soldiers Field Road, Boston, MA 02163, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The 1714 Longitude Act created the Board of Longitude to administer a large monetary prize and Prizes progress payments for the precise determination of a ship's longitude. However, the prize did not Patents prohibit patenting. We use a new dataset of marine chronometer inventors to show that the Innovation propensity to patent was high. We argue that while the prize spurred entry by key inventors, and progress payments facilitated research investment in an area of significant social value, patents promoted disclosure. Our findings highlight the importance of complementarities between prize and patent-based incentives in the design of innovation inducement contests. 1. Introduction In response to a prominent navigation disaster and growing demand for a solution to the problem of identifying a ship's position at sea, a 1714 British Act of Parliament created a substantial award for the precise determination of longitude.1 Using a prize of up to £20,000 (around £2.5 million today) a commission of adjudicating experts (the Board of Longitude) and resources for inventors to engage in experimentation, the government aimed to encourage knowledge accumulation in an area of high social value but relatively low private investment. By the early 1770s following a long and acrimonious dispute with the Board of Longitude, John Harrison (1693–1776), an English clockmaker, was awarded monetary values approximately equivalent to the prize.2 Mokyr (2010, p.
    [Show full text]
  • DAVA SOBEL Contents
    LONGITUDE The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time DAVA SOBEL Contents 1. Imaginary Lines 2. The Sea Before Time 3. Adrift in a Clockwork Universe 4. Time in a Bottle 5. Powder of Sympathy 6. The Prize 7. Cogmaker’s Journal 8. The Grasshopper Goes to Sea 9. Hands on Heaven’s Clock 10. The Diamond Timekeeper 11. Trial by Fire and Water 12. A Tale of Two Portraits 13. The Second Voyage of Captain James Cook 14. The Mass Production of Genius 15. In the Meridian Courtyard Acknowledgments Sources For my mother, Betty Gruber Sobel, a four-star navigator who can sail by the heavens but always drives by way of Canarsie. 1. Imaginary Lines When I’m playful I use the meridians of longitude and parallels of latitude for a seine, drag the Atlantic Ocean for whales. —MARK TWAIN, Life on the Mississippi Once on a Wednesday excursion when I was a little girl, my father bought me a beaded wire ball that I loved. At a touch, I could collapse the toy into a flat coil between my palms, or pop it open to make a hollow sphere. Rounded out, it resembled a tiny Earth, because its hinged wires traced the same pattern of intersecting circles that I had seen on the globe in my schoolroom— the thin black lines of latitude and longitude. The few colored beads slid along the wire paths haphazardly, like ships on the high seas. My father strode up Fifth Avenue to Rockefeller Center with me on his shoulders, and we stopped to stare at the statue of Atlas, carrying Heaven and Earth on his.
    [Show full text]
  • Examples of Industrial and Military Technology Transfer in The
    Documents pour l’histoire des techniques Nouvelle série 19 | 2e semestre 2010 Les techniques et la technologie entre la France et la Grande-Bretagne XVIIe-XIXe siècles Examples of industrial and military technology transfer in the eighteenth century Des exemples de transferts techniques industriels et militaires au dix-huitième siècle Margaret Bradley Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/dht/1340 ISSN : 1775-4194 Éditeur : Centre d'histoire des techniques et de l'environnement du Cnam (CDHTE-Cnam), Société des élèves du CDHTE-Cnam Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 décembre 2010 Pagination : 87-95 ISBN : 978-2-9530779-5-7 ISSN : 0417-8726 Référence électronique Margaret Bradley, « Examples of industrial and military technology transfer in the eighteenth century », Documents pour l’histoire des techniques [En ligne], 19 | 2e semestre 2010, mis en ligne le 21 juin 2011, consulté le 07 septembre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/dht/1340 © Tous droits réservés Examples of industrial and military technology transfer in the eighteenth century Margaret Bradley arge-scale industrial development occurred in Britain’s treasure-house of industrial secrets in the 1820s: LBritain much earlier than on the Continent of “The knowledge of the useful arts, now cultivated as Europe. The age of the machine needed capital, raw a branch of public instruction, is not infrequently to be materials, labour and, of course, markets. Britain gained either by entering apartments filled with the profited during the eighteenth century from her smoke of furnaces, and resounding with the deafening overseas trade, particularly with her colonies. Owners noise of machinery, or by conversing with men devoted of great estates had money to invest in mining and to the common handicraft labors of life”.1 industry.
    [Show full text]