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Ladys' Slipper Orchids of India

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Ladys' Slipper Orchids of India Ladys’ SlipperH.J. Chowdhery Orchids of India ABOUT THE BOOK The Lady's Slipper or Slipper Orchids are an extremely well known group of orchids. The are popularly called Lady's slippers because of the presence of a highly modified pouch-like lip or labellum, which looks similar to a lady's slipper. They are highly priced and much sought after in the floriculture industry as potted plants as well as cut flowers due to their enchantingly attractive, colourfull blooms and ability to remain fresh for several weeks. The presently known five lady's slipper orchid genera , which belong to the orchid subfamily Cypripedioideae are widely distributed in the temperate regions of Eurasia and North America, Central America south to Brazil and Bolivia, tropical Asia from India across to Taiwan, south-east Asia from Indo-China acrossP. druryi to the, which Philippines, is endemic New to Guinea, Western and Ghats. the Solomon Islands. In India, only two genera namely Cypripedium and Paphiopedilum are found, which are confined to the Himalayan and North-East Indian region except one species of Paphiopedilum The book is the first ever comprehensive taxonomic treatment of Indian Slipper orchids. In the introductory part of the book, a brief history of lady’s slipper orchids, their taxonomy and a glimpse of all the five known genera of this group has been provided. The main part of the text comprises of the detailed taxonomic information on the 14 species of lady’s slippers (Cypripedium-5 and Paphiopedilum-9) reported from India. The descriptions for all the species have been drawn from the live plants along with colour plates made from fresh flowers for the first time for these orchids. In addition, in some cases the interesting history of their discovery and collection (wherever available) has also been appended. This apart, in some of the species, type specimens were wrongly designated and quoted and were followed till date by the orchid taxonomists and monographers. Such wrong treatments have been corrected through lectotypification by designating appropriate Lactotypes. No other serious reference approaches the depth and authority of this remarkable book. Plant taxonomists, Nature lovers and those who just initiated the study of orchids will appreciate and value this book for identification and taxonomic information with regard to Lady’s slipper orchids. CONTENTS Preface iii, Index to Figures ix, Taxonomic Treatment 5, Lady’s Slipper44 OrchidsLADY'S SLIPPER of ORCHID SIndia 31, References 159, Index 163 OF INDIA 69 2. Cypripedium elegans Rchb. f. in Flora 69: 5561. 1886; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 169. 1890; Pradhan, Indian Orchids: Guide to Ident. & Cult.1: Index OF INDIA 34.1976; P.K. Hajra in Nayar & Sastry (ed.), Red Data Book of Indian Plants 9 1: 243.1987; Cribb, The Genus Cypripedium 246-248.1997; Press et al., Ann. Calceolus mariae Mill. ....................31 var. tibeticum (King ex Rolfe ADY'S SLIPPER ORCHIDS L Checklist Flow. Pl. Nepal 213. 2000; Pearce & Cribb, Orch. Bhutan 24. 2002; Kranzl. ..............................61 OF INDIA marianus ......................................1 Chen et al., Fl. China (Orchidaceae) 25: 30. 2009. Cordula ..............................................1 pardinum Rchb.f. ....................132 LADY'S SLIPPER ORCHIDS Type: China, Xizang (Tibet), Kang Me, native collector of King 54 (holo. druryi (Beddome) Rolfe ............78 spicerianum Rchb.f. ex T. Moore & Mast. ..................................118 K, iso.W) fairrieana (Lindl.) Rolfe ............78 CYPRIPEDIUM L. tibeticum King ex Rolfe ...........61 1. was established by Carl von Linnaeus(Aphrodite), in 1753. hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook.) for Venus in Terrestrial, dwarf herbs up to 13 cm tall with creeping underground name or slipper, Rolfe .....................................99 ventricosum Sw. ........................31 a a sandal rhizomes. Stem erect, apically bifoliate, red - villose, with 2 basal tubular The genus Cypripedium 'Kypris', venustum Wall. ex Sims ..........132 the Greek and 'pedilon', sheaths. Leaves 2-6 X 1.5-4.5 cm, sessile, opposite, spreading, plicate, ovate insignis (Lindl.) Raf. 109 of Cyprus, as ‘Venus’s Slipper Orchid’. to oblong-ovate or orbicular, obtuse, glossy green, long ciliate or some times villosum Lindl..........................142 Etymology: Fromthe island insignis (Wall. ex Lindl.) Raf. 19, 68 born on wintering by meansof puberulous, prominently veined beneath. Infl orescence erect , usually shorter F INDIA was (over regions spiceriana (Rchb.f.) Rolfe .......118 wardii (Summerh.) Curtis ......149 who all than the leaves, solitary fl owered; peduncles 1-4cm, villose. Bracts 1.5–2 X 0.4 perennialsand subtropical called Damasonium nothum .......................1 reference to the shape of theof lip. deciduous It is also known –0.7 cm, elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, acute, puberulous, longer than the ovary villosa (Lindl.) Rolfe ................142 LADY'S SLIPPER ORCHIDS O a genus temperate is sub-arctic, a century horticulturists and forming a hood over the fl ower. Flowers up to 2cm across; sepals and Criosanthes Raf. .........................1, 14 Fissipes acaulis (Aiton) Small. .......10 34 Cypripedium the than inhabiting For more se terrestrial speciesVegetatively inhabit petals green with reddish tinge and light red veins on inner surface; lip white Menophora ........................................1 rhizome) elevations. are plicate CYPRIPEDIOIDEAE ......................5 of Hemisphere. at various leaves with 3-purple lamellae like warts. Dorsal sepal 1.2-1.6 X 0.3-0.5cm, elliptic- Northern the and MEXIPEDIUM V.A. Albert & M.W. the and meadows leafy stem, r root-stock ovate; lateral sepals 1-1.5 X 0.3–0.5 cm, elliptic, apically bifi d, fully hidden CYPRIPEDIUM L. ....................9, 31 of bogs elon gated hizome o usually Chase......................................... 28 the slipper orchidsmargins "cypripediums" an or "cyps:'. Thefrom a r are beneath the lip. Petals 1.4–1.6 X 0.4–0.5 cm, lanceolate, concave , subacute. Cypripedium arietinum R.Br. ........31 bears arising ndividuals the xerophyticum (Soto, Salazar & woodlands, Cypripedium perennial Young i of fl owering, Lip up to 1 cm long, shorter than the sepals, sides abruptly infolded, upper bulbosum .....................................1 typical are plants. the time Hagsater) V.A. Albert & M.W. the The plants mature level. At surface with 3 parallel, purple, warted ridges proceeding from the mouth and ribbed. only on ground true leaves calceolus L. ...........................5, 31 Chase. ..................................28 or are borne all the uniting at the apex, apical part of the lip has a fl eshy plate extending from the fl owers nearer ower buds. Only whilea few species vary fromcm the fewer leaves and fl from 10-12 upper wall to lower wall dividing it into 2 loculi. Column up to 2.5 cm long; caudatum Lindl. ........................26 PAPHIOPEDILUM Pfi tzer .... 19, 68 to bracts for fl owering, varies restricted produce lant staminode 1-1.5mm long, ovate to oblong – cordate, rounded apically. Ovary charlesworthii Rolfe ..................73 to a peduncle blooming p recently described charlesworthii (Rolfe) Pfi tzer .74 axis extends producing of a m in the 3-4 mm long, shortly stalked, ellipsoidal, hairy on the ridges. by The height even 1.5 cordigerum D. Don .................35 druryi (Beddome) Pfi tzer .........78 this pattern stem. cm or on the to 30-85 in basal istributed Fls. & Frts.: June – August. corrugatum Franch. ..................61 fairrieanum (Lindl.) Stein ..88, 98 are species idely d the smallest Chen & Lang. 2008) w var. obesum Franch. .............61 in subtropicum hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook.) (Mabberley, he Himalayas, North Distribution: INDIA: Uttarakhand to Sikkim; NEPAL; BHUTAN; species C. 47 species druryi Beddome ........................78 Stein .....................................99 About CHINA; TIBET. elegans Rchb.f. ........................44 insigne (Wall. ex Lindl.) Pfi tzer Distribution: 6: 169-174. India 28. ............................19, 68, 109, 117 Fl. Brit. Ecology: On moss covered humus rich soil at higher elevations in the folis-ovatolanceolatis ...................1 Europe, temperate Asia across to Japan and Chinaf., and t leonan. 1: 1753; Hook. Orchid. P coniferous forests, steep slopes, shrubberies, and meadows on the thick var. chantinii Rafar. ...........117 America, and south to Guatemala951. and Honduras.(Heft 12), Gen. Orchid. guttatum Swartz .............. 49, 54 Sp. Pl.: IV, 50 et al., humus layer on lime stone; between 2600-4500m. var. maulei T. Moore ..........117 fl anzenr. 1997; Pridgeon himalaicum Rolfe ...................55 Cypripediumin E ngler,L., P pp 301. var. sanderae Rchb.f. .........117 Pfi tzer hirsutissimum Lindl. ex Hook. ..99 1890; Cypripedium Note: H.G. Reichenbach (1886) described Cypripedium elegans based Gen. , Fl. China (Orchidaceae) 25: 22-33. 2009. on a specimen collected by a native collector of Sir George King from Tibet pardinum (Rchb. f.) Pfi tzer .....132 1903; Cribb, et al. insigne Wall.ex Lindl. ..............109 L. des spicerianum (Rchb. f.) Pfi tzer Fam. (southeastern Xizang). Later King and Pantling described and illustrated macranthos Sw. .........................31 114-132. 1999; Chen Adanson, Cypripedium calceolus 1754; this species in the Orchids of Sikkim Himalaya (1898). Cribb in his book ...................................118, 130 Type species: ed. 4: Calceolus ‘The Genus Cypripedium’ (1997) noted its distribution range from Eastern Dict. abr. in Gard. Atwood Himalaya
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