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Hrady a Zámky HRADY A ZÁMKY NÁRODNÍ PAMÁTKOVÝ ÚSTAV ÚZEMNÍ ODBORNÉ PRACOVIŠTĚ V BRNĚ EDITORIAL Interest in recognising and understanding historical buildings as docu- menting national history initiated the monument protection movement at the end of the 18th century. The fashionable wave of romanticism at the beginning of the 19th century, when an emotional fascination with U zrodu ochrany památek stál na konci 18.století vědecký zájem the ruins of medieval castles and churches affected broader groups na poznání významných „starožitných“ staveb jako dokladů národní of society, brought up a new social topic: practical questions concer- historie. S módní vlnou romantismu počátku 19. století, kdy emocio- ning the preservation of historical buildings for both the present and nální okouzlení středověkými ruinami hradů a kostelů zasáhlo širší the future. After monument protection became institutionalised in společenské vrstvy, přišlo nové společenské téma, totiž praktické many European countries in the course of the 19th century, the experts otázky zachování historických staveb pro přítomnost a budoucnost. defined three declarative objectives of this newly-formed endeavour: Poté, co se v průběhu 19.století ochrana památek v řadě evropských scientific understanding of the monuments, their promotion among zemích institucionalizovala, formulovala odborná veřejnost tři prokla- the wider public and their physical protection. mativní cíle nového oboru – vědecké poznání památek, jejich popula- The 20th century brought specialisation into virtually all human rizaci v nejširších společenských vrstvách a fyzickou ochranu pamá- activities, including monument protection. Unfortunately, the original tek. Dvacáté století přineslo specializaci snad všech lidských činností concept was gradually marginalised, especially in the area of direct a specializace se nevyhnula ani ochraně památek. Ke škodě původní- communication between researchers with different specialisations. ho konceptu se postupně zmenšovala přímá personální komunikace The original intention to systematically promote heritage sites to the mezi badateli z různých odborných pracoviš a nejhůře ze všeho lay public ended up worst off. Scientific monument research was nakonec v našem prostředí dopadl někdejší záměr systematické concentrated at universities in this country and in parallel – thanks popularizace památek mezi laickou veřejností. Vědecký výzkum pa- to D. Líbal – it took place at the State Institute for Reconstruction mátek se u nás soustředil na akademickou půdu a zásluhou D. Líbala of Historical Towns and Buildings (SÚRPMO). This was negatively probíhal také v rámci Státního ústavu pro rekonstrukci památkových accompanied by a gradual resignation of the majority of state monu- měst a objektů (SÚRPMO). Negativním jevem přitom byla postupná ment care institutions and their staff from the scientific study of rezignace na vědecké poznávání jednotlivých památek pracovníky individual monuments. This misunderstood specialisation resulted většiny institucí státní památkové péče. Falešně chápaná specializace in forsaking mainly the documentation of precious small finds in se ve svém důsledku zřekla především dokumentace cenných drob- the field – places where almost exclusively state monument care ných nálezů v terénu, ve kterém se téměř každodenně pohybovali staff operated on an everyday basis. This situation eventually chan- právě jen pracovníci státní památkové péče a ve svém důsledku ged these officers either into private experts in a few cases, or z nich učinila bu privátní znalce nebo, a to většinou, jen pouhé byro- mostly into mere bureaucrats in building permit proceedings. It was kraty v procesu stavebního řízení. Teprve po zrušení projektové orga- only after the SÚRPMO building-design company was closed down nizace SÚRPMO (archiv jeho brněnské pobočky byl vyhozen, velký (its Brno archive was just thrown away, while the large Prague archi- pražský archiv naštěstí skončil v ústředním pracovišti státní památ- ve luckily ended up at the headquarters of state monument care kové péče v Praze) začala jednotlivá pracoviště státní památkové in Prague) that the different state monument care offices started to péče usilovat o systematický výzkum architektonických památek work on systematic research of architectural heritage sites by vlastními pracovníky. V brněnském památkovém ústavu bylo v roce means of their own staff. Památkový Ústav (the monument care 1994 zřízeno oddělení stavebněhistorických průzkumů a v roce 1996 institute) in Brno established a special department for structural/ vyšlo nulté číslo sborníku příspěvků určených odborné i laické veřej- historical surveys in 1994 and published issue zero of a miscellany nosti. Přes skromné počátky se podařilo udržet kontinuitu každoroč- with articles for lay public. In spite of the modest beginning, the flow ního sborníku, stabilizovat úroveň příspěvků a letos můžeme širší of annually published miscellanies has been maintained, the quality čtenářské obci představit již osmý ročník. Je monotematicky zamě- of their articles stabilised and we can present the 8th issue to our řen na problematiku moravských šlechtických sídel a čtenářům nabízí readers this year. It focuses on the Moravian nobility’s residences řadu nových poznatků. and provides its readers with previously unknown information. Petr Kroupa Petr Kroupa Am Anfang der Denkmalpflege stand im ausgehenden 18. Jahrhun- jekte (SÚRPMO) statt. Eine negative Erscheinung war dabei die sich dert das wissenschaftliche Interesse am Erkunden der bedeutenden einstellende Resignation bezüglich des wissenschaftlichen Kennen- „altertümlichen“ Bauwerke als Belege für die nationale Geschichte. lernens der Denkmäler durch die Mitarbeiter der meisten Institutio- Mit der Modewelle des Romantismus zum Beginn des nen der staatlichen Denkmalpflege. Die fälschlich verstandene 19. Jahrhunderts, als die emotionale Verzauberung durch die mittel- Spezialisierung verzichtete infolgedessen vor allem auf die Doku- alterlichen Burgruinen und Kirchen die breiten gesellschaftlichen mentierung der wertvollen kleinen Funde im Gelände, in welchem Schichten erreichte, kam ein neues gesellschaftliches Thema auf, sich fast täglich ausschließlich nur Mitarbeiter der staatlichen Denk- und zwar die praktischen Fragen der Erhaltung der historischen malpflege bewegten, und in ihrer Folge machte sie aus ihnen entwe- Bauwerke für die Gegenwart und Zukunft. Nachdem während des der private Kenner oder, und zwar meistens, nur reine Bürokraten im 19. Jahrhunderts der Denkmalschutz in einigen europäischen Län- Prozess des Bauverfahrens. Erst nach der Auflösung der Projektor- dern die Form von Institutionen angenommen hatte, formulierte die ganisation SÚRPMO (das Archiv ihrer Filiale in Brünn wurde unwie- Fachwelt drei proklamative Ziele für die neue Branche – die wissen- derbringlich weggeworfen, das große Archiv in Prag übernahm zum schaftliche Erkundung der Denkmäler, ihre Popularisierung in den Glück die zentrale Arbeitsstelle für staatliche Denkmalpflege in Prag) breitesten Gesellschaftsschichten und den physischen Denkmal- begannen die einzelnen Arbeitsstellen der staatlichen Denkmalpflege schutz. Das zwanzigste Jahrhundert brachte die Spezialisierung mit der systematischen Erkundung der architektonischen Denkmäler wohl aller menschlichen Tätigkeiten und sie machte auch vor dem mit eigenen Mitarbeitern. Im Brünner Denkmalinstitut wurde 1994 Denkmalschutz nicht Halt. Zum Schaden des ursprünglichen Kon- die Abteilung für bauhistorische Forschungen gegründet und 1996 zepts schwächte sich die direkte Kommunikation zwischen den erschien die Nullnummer der Sammelschrift mit Beiträgen für die Forschern aus den verschiedenen Arbeitsstellen allmählich ab und Fachwelt und Laien. Trotz der bescheidenen Anfänge konnte die den schlimmsten Ausgang von allen nahm in unserem Umfeld das Kontinuität der alljährlichen Sammelschrift aufrechterhalten und einstige Vorhaben der systematischen Popularisierung der Denkmä- das Niveau der Beiträge stabilisiert werden. In diesem Jahr können ler in der Laienöffentlichkeit. Bei uns konzentrierte sich die wissen- wir der breiten Leserschaft bereits die achte Auflage präsentieren. schaftliche Erforschung der Denkmäler auf den akademischen Sie beschäftigt sich monothematisch mit der Problematik der mähri- Boden und durch den Verdienst von D. Líbal fand sie auch im Staat- schen Adelsresidenzen und sie bietet den Lesern viele neue Erkennt- lichen Institut für Restaurierung der Denkmalstädte und Denkmalob- nisse. Petr Kroupa Obsah /Contents /Inhalt Editorial 2 Studie / study / Fachstudie xx Martin Hnilička Nová zjištění o rodu Berchtoldů z Uherčic a jejich sídlech v 17. a 18. století – zámek Police / Neue Erkenntnisse über die Familie Berchtold von Uherčice und ihre Anwesen im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert – das Schloss Police / New findings about the Berchtold family of Uherčice and their mansions in the 17th and 18th centuries – Chateau Police xx Dalibor Hodeček Dějiny zámku v Lysicích do roku 1945 / The history of Lysice chateau until 1945 / Geschichte des Schlosses in Lissitz bis 1945 xx Jiří Kroupa Funkce, forma a mentality v raně novověké profánní architektuře / Function, form and mentalities in early modern secular architecture / Funktion, Form und Mentalitäten in der frühneuzeitlichen weltlichen Architektur xx Tomáš Jeřábek Zámek Lysice a architekt Giovanni Battista Pieroni? / Lysice chateau and architect Giovanni Battista Pieroni? / Schloss Lissitz und Architekt Giovanni Battista Pieroni? xx Zdeněk Kazlepka La mia
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