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Slavica Slovaca, 2018, Roč. 53, Č. 2 SLAVICA SLOVACA Ročník 53 • 2018 • 2 SLAVISTIKA ORGÁN SLAVISTICKÉHO ÚSTAVU JÁNA STANISLAVA SAV SLAVICA A SLOVENSKÉHO KOMITÉTU SLAVISTOV SLOVACA Hlavný redaktor: Peter Žeňuch Redakčná rada: Mojmír Benža, Erika Brtaňová, Václav Čermák (Česká republika), Mária Dobríková, Ján Doruľa, Júlia Dudášová-Kriššáková, Adriana Ferenčíková, Martin Hurbanič, Daniela Konstantinovová (Bulharsko), Jaromír Krško, Ján Lukačka, Šimon Marinčák, Desislava Najdenovová (Bulharsko), Zuzana Profantová, Ján Stradomski (Poľsko), Elena S. Uzeňovová (Ruská federácia), Cyril Vasiľ (Taliansko), Peter Zubko, Peter Žeňuch SLAVICA Výkonná redaktorka: Katarína Žeňuchová Technický redaktor: Martin Žeňuch Adresa vydavateľa a sídlo redakcie: © Slavistický ústav Jána Stanislava SAV, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, IČO: 31750940 © Slovenský komitét slavistov, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, IČO: 30842913 SLOVACA OBSAH ŠTÚDIE S. ZAVARSKÝ: „Trnavské dilemy“ a Daniel Krman ....................................................................................................103 S. SOJDA: Lingwistyczna kategoria intensywności w językoznawstwie polskim i słowackim ....................................118 Г. Н. СКЛЯРЕВСКАЯ: Еще раз о понятии оценки как лингвистической категории .............................................126 E. A. БОЧКАРЕВ: О разочаровании в русском языковом сознании ........................................................................135 P. ZUBKO: Každodennosť u uniatskych presbyterov vo svetle latinských prameňov. ..................................................142 P. ŽEŇUCH: Neznámy cyrilský rukopisný zborník kázní z východného Slovenska z druhej polovice 18. storočia. .................................................................................148 ROZHĽADY А. Б. МОРОЗ: „Отчим наш“ и „хлеб насушный“ Церковнославянский язык в фольклорных текстах: глоссолалия или герменевтика? ...........................................................................157 K. ĐORĐEVIĆ: Jezička reforma Vuka Karadžića i stvaranje srpskog književnog jezika (istorijski pogled i aktuelno stanje). ..................................................................................................................164 K. ŽEŇUCHOVÁ: Vybrané aspekty rozvoja slovenskej etnolingvistiky na pozadí rusko-bulharsko-slovenskej spolupráce ............................................................................................................174 S. VAŠÍČKOVÁ: Cyrilské písomníctvo na Slovensku do konca 18. storočia. Protokol z verejnej oponentúry projektu APVV-14-0029 medzinárodným panelom odborníkov ..................181 SPRÁVY A RECENZIE P. ŽEŇUCH: Významné životné jubileum profesora Jána Doruľu ................................................................................186 K. ŽEŇUCHOVÁ: K životnému jubileu Svetlany Michajlovny Tolstej ........................................................................188 P. ŽEŇUCH: Odišla docentka Elena Krasnovská ...........................................................................................................188 K. ŽEŇUCHOVÁ: Za Zuzanou Profantovou .................................................................................................................189 P. ŽEŇUCH – M. KOŠKOVÁ – K. ŽEŇUCHOVÁ – P. ZUBKO: Obzretie sa za 16. medzinárodným zjazdom slavistov .....................................................................................189 D. KONSTANTINOVOVÁ: Medzinárodná vedecká konferencia a 40. výročie lektorátu slovakistiky na Univerzite Sv. Cyrila a Metoda vo Veľkom Trnove v Bulharsku. ...............................................................193 P. ŠMERINGAIOVÁ: LAPKO, R. (ed.): Martin Luther po päťsto rokoch. ......................................................................194 SLAVISTIKA SLAVICA SLOVACA Ročník 53 • 2018 • 2 SLAVISTIKA SLAVICA SLOVACA • ROČNÍK 53 • 2018 • ČÍSLO 2 ŠTÚDIE SVORAD ZAVARSKÝ∗ „Trnavské dilemy“ a Daniel Krman ZAVARSKÝ, S.: The Trnava Dilemmas and Daniel Krman. Slavica Slovaca, 53, 2018, No 2, pp 103-117 (Bratislava). This article identifies and explores one important phenomenon of the intellectual history of Slovakia in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. This phenomenon, referred to by Daniel Krman the younger as Dilemmata Tyrnaviensia (the Trnava dilemmas), is here discussed against the broader backdrop of its sources and influence. The article is a contribution towards a better understaning of the impact of religious controversies on the intellectual, societal and political development of Slovakia around 1700. Slovakia, confessional polemics, Martinus Szent-Ivany (1633-1705), Daniel Krman, Jr. (1663-1740), Quindecim dilemmata (1699), Constantia in orthodoxo consensu (1702). Roku 1702 napísal tridsaťdeväťročný Daniel Krman, v tom čase farár v Myjave, historicko- -apologetické dielo Constantia in orthodoxo consensu Ecclesiarum Hungarico-Lutheranarum cum Wittenbergensi aliisque Γνησίως Lutheranis a prima reformatione (Stálosť v pravovernej zhode uhorsko-luterských cirkví s wittenberskou cirkvou a inými rýdzo luterskými cirkvami od počiatkov reformácie).1 Dielo vzniklo z poverenia brančsko-čachtického kontubernia a „ďal- ších bratov“, ako sa uvádza na titulnom liste, a predstavuje cenný prameň k dejinám luterskej ortodoxie v Uhorsku. Bezprostredným podnetom Krmanovej obhajoby ortodoxie evanjelických cirkevných zborov bol súbor pätnástich dilem (Quindecim dilemmata), ktoré anonymne publi- koval jezuita Martin Sentiváni-Svätojánsky tlačou Trnavskej univerzity r. 1699.2 Krman o tom informuje na začiatku svojej rozsiahlej práce nasledovne: Téma, na ktorú sa podujímam, má do činenia s bezpečnosťou uhorsko-evanjelických cirk- ví. Veď kto by nevedel, že varadínsky biskup a cisársko-kráľovský radca Juraj Báršoň sa v spise Veritas toti mundo declarata roku 1672 pokúšal dokázať, že cisársko-kráľovské veličenstvo nie je viazané v Uhorsku tolerovať luterskú a kalvínsku odnož, pričom sa od- volával najmä na to, že luteráni sa už vraj nepridržiavajú augsburského vyznania a kalvíni helvétskeho a že krajinské zákony iné náboženstvá ako tieto dve a pápeženecké v kráľov- stve nepripúšťajú. Kto by nevedel, že medzi pätnástimi trnavskými dilemami,3 ktoré boli roku 1699 „čo najsrdečnejšie“ venované všetkým nekatolíkom v Uhorsku, sa v 9. dileme znova omieľa tá istá báršoňovská omáčka, a to týmito slovami: Zhoduje sa luterská alebo kalvínska vierouka v tej podobe, ako sa v súčasnosti predkladá v Uhorsku, s augsburským a helvétskym vyznaním, alebo sa nezhoduje? Ak nie, potom si nemôže nárokovať slobodné praktizovanie v Uhorsku, lebo to sa povoľuje iba augsburskému a helvétskemu vyznaniu. ∗ Mgr. Svorad Zavarský, PhD., Slavistický ústav Jána Stanislava SAV, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava. 1 Rukopis sa uchováva v Lyceálnej knižnici v Bratislave. Za jeho opätovné „nájdenie“ a vyhotovenie kvalitnej digitálnej reprodukcie ďakujem doc. Mgr. Ivone Kollárovej, PhD. 2 Quindecim dilemmata, omnibus dominis acatholicis in Hungaria, pro xenio novi anni M DC XCIX. affectuosissime oblata. Tyrnaviae 1699. 3 Krman nazval dilemy „trnavskými“, pretože boli publikované anonymne. Odvoláva sa však menovite na M. Sentiváni- ho citujúc ďalší z jeho polemických spisov Lutheranicum nusquam et nunquam (1702). 103 Ale ak sa súčasná vierouka luteránov zhoduje s augsburským vyznaním, pýtam sa: S kto- rým? Lebo augsburské vyznanie bolo štyrikrát napísané, vydané a zmenené, a každé z nich je iné atď.4 Krman pokladal za potrebné obhájiť pravovernosť evanjelikov v Uhorsku, pričom sa odvolal na varovanie leidenského teológa Friedricha Spanheima ml., ktorý vo svojej polemickej reakcii Ἐχθρῶν δῶρα ἄδωρα dilemy označil za predzvesť nových útokov voči uhorským evanjelickým cirkvám.5 V prvej časti príspevku sa pozrieme na Sentivániho Quindecim dilemmata (t. j. „Tr- navské dilemy“) a ich dobový literárny kontext, v druhej si priblížime Krmanovu reakciu naň. Napriek tomu, že slovenský jezuita Martin Sentiváni je našej odbornej verejnosti známy najmä ako autor viaczväzkového prírodovedno-historicko-filozoficko-teologického diela Curi- osiora et selectiora variarum scientiarum miscellanea (Trnava 1689-1709), do spoločenského a literárneho života v európskom meradle oveľa významnejšie zasiahol polemicko-teologickými spismi, ktoré publikoval až na sklonku svojho života (1699-1705, niektoré vyšli posmrtne). Sé- riu polemík otvoril Sentiváni krátkym spisom, v ktorom ako novoročný dar (xenium novi anni) pre nekatolíkov v Uhorsku predložil pätnásť dilem týkajúcich sa vierouky a náboženskej praxe evanjelickej cirkvi a. v. a reformovanej cirkvi v Uhorsku. V Micraeliovom filozofickom lexikóne (1653) sa nachádza nasledovná definícia pojmu dilema: Dilema je disjunktívny dvojitý sylogizmus, ktorý prostredníctvom disjunkcie členov dostane protivníka do úzkych, takže bez ohľadu na to, či si vyberie tú či onú propozíciu, usvedčí ho. Nazýva sa aj rohatý sylogizmus alebo tiež krokodílí sylogizmus, lebo ako krokodíl, keď ho nasleduješ, zavedie ťa do Nílu; keď pred ním utekáš, beží za tebou a dolapí ťa; tak aj dilema, čokoľvek tvrdíš alebo popieraš, vždy ťa dobehne.6 Dilema bola obľúbenou formou argumentácie vo vieroučných polemikách už v čase sv. Hiero- nyma a Augustína a veľmi hojne sa vyskytuje aj u polemických teológov 16. a 17. storočia. O spä- tosti dilematického sylogizmu s náboženskou polemikou svedčí aj fakt, že v novovekých učeb- niciach logiky sa ako príklad dilemy uvádzali práve citáty z polemických diel cirkevných otcov (u nás napr. u P. Makóa a J. K. Horváta).7 V dôsledku konfesijného rozdelenia Cirkvi sa polemická
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