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REVUE FRANÇAISE DE CIVILISATION BRITANNIQUE FRENCH JOURNAL OF BRITISH STUDIES (www.rfcb.fr) publiée par Le Centre de Recherches et d’Études en Civilisation Britannique (CRECIB – www.crecib.fr) Vol. XIX, n° 1 LABELLING THE DEVIANT: OTHERING AND EXCLUSION IN BRITAIN FROM PAST TO PRESENT Responsables du numéro : Emma BELL & Gilles CHRISTOPH Directrice de la publication : Pauline SCHNAPPER Les articles de la présente Revue sont répertoriés et résumés dans Historical Abstracts Articles appearing in this Journal are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts Couverture : Steeve Roucaute et Martine Monacelli © iStockphoto.com/CRECIB Centre de Recherches et d’Études en Civilisation Britannique (CRECIB) Présidente d’honneur : Monica CHARLOT (Paris 3) Ö Bureau : Président : Jean-Paul RÉVAUGER (Bordeaux 3) Vice-Présidente : Pauline SCHNAPPER (Paris 3) Secrétaire : Florence BINARD (Paris 7) Secrétaire-adjointe : Alexandrine GUYARD-NEDELEC (EHESS) Trésorier : John MULLEN (Paris 12) Trésorier-adjoint : Stéphane PORION (Tours) Comité de Direction de la Revue : Agnès ALEXANDRE-COLLIER (Bourgogne) Nicholas DEAKIN (London School of Economics, Royaume-Uni) Renée DICKASON (Rennes 2) Susan FINDING (Poitiers) John KEIGER (Salford, Royaume-Uni) Gilbert MILLAT (Lille 3) Martine MONACELLI (Nice) John MULLEN (Paris 12) Comité de Rédaction de la Revue : Jean-Paul RÉVAUGER (Bordeaux 3) Pauline SCHNAPPER (Paris 3) Florence BINARD (Paris 7) ABONNEMENT ANNUEL : 34 € ABONNEMENTS, DIFFUSION EN LIBRAIRIE ET VENTE AU PUBLIC : Presses de la Sorbonne Nouvelle (PSN) Boutique des Cahiers 8 rue de la Sorbonne, 75005 Paris ' 01 40 46 48 02 7 01 40 46 48 04 ANCIENS NUMEROS : (voir en fin de revue) ISBN 978-2-911580-43-7 ISSN 0248-9015 SOMMAIRE Emma BELL & Foreword ....................................................................................... p. 5 Gilles Avant-propos CHRISTOPH Yasmine The Labelling of Deviants in the English Criminal Justice MOHAMMEDI System: A Historical Perspective .................................................. p. 9 La stigmatisation des déviants par le système de justice criminelle anglais : une perspective historique Jérôme From Bugger to Homosexual: The English Sodomite GROSCLAUDE as Criminally Deviant (1533-1967) ............................................... p. 31 Du bougre à l’homosexuel : la criminalisation de la déviance sodomite en Angleterre (1533-1967) Clifford The Ted Scare ................................................................................ p. 47 WILLIAMSON Le péril Teddy Boys Henry DANIELS From Bad Boys to Old Boys: Sixty Years of the Teddy Boy Movement ..................................................................................... p. 65 De mauvais garçons à vieux garçons : le mouvement des Teddy Boys au cours des soixante dernières années Sarah PICKARD ‘The Trouble With Young People These Days’: ‘Deviant’ Youth, the Popular Press and Politics in Contemporary Britain ............... p. 89 « Le problème avec les jeunes britanniques de nos jours » : la jeunesse « déviante », la presse populaire et la politique en Grande-Bretagne au XXIe siècle Monia O’BRIEN ‘Living on Road’ in Britain: Alien Disease or Moral Panic? ........ p. 121 CASTRO La culture du ‘living on road’ en Grande-Bretagne: maladie étrangère ou panique morale ? Alex ‘Calling a Gang a Gang’: The Law in Denial? .............................. p. 143 CHOMMELOUX Le « Gang » hors la loi au Royaume-Uni ? Martine The ‘Abnormal Home’: Debates and Portrayal in the British STERLING Press of the 1950s .......................................................................... p. 167 La question du ‘foyer anormal’ : débats et représentation dans la presse britannique des années cinquante Fabienne The Demonisation and Social Control of Teenage Mothers in PORTIER-LE 21st Century Britain ...................................................................... p. 185 COQ La diabolisation et le contrôle social des mères adolescentes dans la Grande-Bretagne du XXIe siècle Marc ‘Pickets’: From the Symbolic Condemnation to the Outlawing LENORMAND of Trade Union Practices in Britain, 1972-1980 ........................... p. 203 De la condamnation symbolique à la mise hors la loi des pratiques syndicales en Grande-Bretagne, 1972-1980 John David The Rage of Well-fed Lions: The Economic Foundations of UK JORDAN Welfare Claimant Demonisation in the Neoliberal Era ................. p. 215 La rage de lions bien nourris : les fondements économiques de la diabolisation des récipiendaires d’aides sociales à l’ère néolibérale 6 REVUE FRANÇAISE DE CIVILISATION BRITANNIQUE – VOL. 19 N° 1 Olivier ESTEVES The Construction of Religious and Political Deviance: The case & Romain of British Muslims ......................................................................... p. 249 GARBAYE La construction d’une déviance religieuse et politique : les musulmans britanniques Bénédicte CHAIX Le concept d’« altérité » chez les immigrés siciliens en Angleterre ...................................................................................... p. 265 The Concept of ‘Otherness’ amongst Sicilian Immigrants in England Rose-Marie Don’t Mention the ‘P’ Word! Labelling the Deviant: The Case of FARWELL Contemporary Paganism in Britain ............................................... p. 291 Ne mentionnez pas le mot en « P » ! La stigmatisation de la déviance dans le cas du paganisme contemporain en Grande-Bretagne Kristine Robbyn Labelling the Deviant: Exploring Social Boundaries in CHICK Contemporary British Cinema ....................................................... p. 315 La stigmatisation de la déviance : l’exploration des frontières L sociales dans le cinéma britannique contemporain Comptes rendus / Reviews ............................................................................................ p. 331 Résumés et biographies / Abstracts and Biographies ................................................... p. 3?? Anciens numéros / Back Numbers ................................................................................ p. 3?? Foreword Emma BELL & Gilles CHRISTOPH Université de Savoie, ENS de Lyon Throughout the ages, different labels have been applied to those who are regarded as a threat to the prevailing value system and social order of British society. From the so-called ‘dangerous classes’ of 19th-century London1 to the ‘underclass’ of contemporary Britain, composed of ‘chavs’2 and ‘hoodies’, a whole range of groups have been subject to labelling which has set them apart from mainstream society and portrayed them as being ‘deviant’. ‘Deviance’ is a rather elastic concept which can take a wide variety of forms. The principal forms of deviance discussed in this special edition of the Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique are: sexual deviance (Grosclaude); religious deviance (Esteves & Garbaye; Farwell); deviance associated with the behaviour of young people (Pickard), notably their involvement in gangs (O’Brien Castro; Chommeloux) or in particular youth cultures (Daniels; Williamson); deviance linked to trade union membership (Lenormand) and lack of participation in the workplace (Jordan); deviant forms of motherhood (Sterling; Portier-Lecocq); and deviance linked to immigration (Chaix). Most of these forms of deviant behaviour (with the exception of sexual deviance) tend to constitute ‘deviance from below’, namely the behaviour which is most readily associated with the most marginalised and disadvantaged social classes whose social problems—including illegitimacy, unemployment, welfare dependency and crime—are often presented as being inextricably linked to their deviance. Yet, ‘deviance from above’ also constitutes a significant problem. Labels are sometimes applied to the most powerful members of society who are responsible for tax avoidance on a large scale or for taking unacceptable risks in their banking activities, for example. The terms ‘fat cat’ and ‘the one per cent’ are often used to refer to those who are considered to be flouting widely accepted norms which dictate that the tax burden should be fairly distributed across society or that financial rewards should be commensurate to efforts made. Whilst these deviants do attract a considerable amount of media attention, never more so than in the wake of the most recent large-scale financial crisis and its associated banking scandals, they nonetheless remain marginal in discussion about deviance more generally. Research- wise, this is a sorry state of affairs, since there would be much to gain from richer knowledge about deviance at all levels of society—whether it originates from the lower, middle or upper classes. 1 Victor BAILEY, ‘The Fabrication of Deviance? “Dangerous Classes” and “Criminal Classes” in Victorian England’, in J. RULE and R. MALCOLMSON (eds), Protest and Survival: The Historical Experience, London: Merlin Press, 1993. 2 Owen JONES, Chavs: The Demonisation of the Working Class, London: Verso, 2011. 8 REVUE FRANÇAISE DE CIVILISATION BRITANNIQUE – VOL. 19 N° 1 The disproportionate attention accorded to the deviance of the marginalised can be ascribed to the fact that vertical labelling on the part of agents vested with institutional authority towards groups devoid of such authority—e.g. politicians or journalists casting the homeless or the unemployed as ‘underserving’ members of the community—is more socially damaging than horizontal labelling—e.g. between two neighbours who might each perceive the other as a ‘neighbour from hell’ because one has a dog who barks all day while the other plays loud
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