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Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words

Pair games

1. Find a partner 2. Stand back to back so one of you can see the board 3. The person facing the board will be explaining the definition 4. The person facing away from the board will try to remember which key word it is 5. Once you get one wrong you will swap over until you get to the end of the list Western Classical Tradition 1650 - 1910 Keywords Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Conjunct Moving up or down by one Disjunct Moving by leaps Triadic Moving by notes from a triad Broken Chords Moving by notes from a chord Scalic Moving by notes from a scale Moving by notes from a chord in the same direction Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Diatonic Using only the notes in the scale Chromatic Using notes that are not in the key the piece is written in Passing Notes a note not belonging to the harmony but placed between the notes to secure a smooth transition. Slide a musical ornament which instructs the performer to move from one note to another smoothly Portamento is a pitch sliding from one note to another. Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Acciaccatura A note played as quickly as possible before the main note follows it. Appoggiatura A melodic ornament where a neighbouring note is sounded before the main note of the melody Ostinato A repeating pattern Consonant A combination of notes in a melody that sound pleasing Dissonant A combination of notes in a melody that clash when played together Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Words Definition Staccato a note of shortened duration separated from the note that may follow by silence Accents emphasis, stress, or stronger attack placed on a particular note Tenuto hold the note in question its full length Marcato To play with emphasis Downbow The player performs the indicated note by drawing the bow downward Upbow The player performs the indicated note by drawing the bow upward Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Pedal note A sustained or regulary repeated note usually heard in the bass Drone One or more notes held or repeated throughout an extended pattern of music Perfect 5 to 1 cadence sounds ”finished” Pagal 4 to 1 cadence sounds “amen” Imperfect 1 to 5 cadence sounds like its going somewhere Interupted 5 to 6 cadence sound surprising, you expect a perfect cadence but get a minor chord instead Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Tonic The First note of the scale Supertonic The Second note of the scale Mediant The Third note of the scale Subdominant The Fourth note of the scale Dominant The Fifth note of the scale Submediant The Sixth note of the scale Leading Note The Seventh note of the scale Octave The Tonic 12 semitones higher Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Modulation To change the key of a song Order of the Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle Sharps Order of the Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles’ Father Flats Circle of Fifths the relationship among the 12 tones of the chromatic scale, their corresponding key signatures, and the associated major and minor keys Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Binary Form A B or A A B B Ternary Form A B A Rondo A B A C A D A Arch Form A B C B A Through- Continuous and non-repetitive Composed Theme and A1 A1 A2 A3 A4 Variation Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Call and succession of two distinct phrases usually written Response in different parts of the music, where the second phrase is heard as a direct commentary on or in response to the first Ground Bass A repeated pattern of notes over which music is written, A longer pattern than ostinato Continuo A series of bass notes with numbers attached that indicate the harmony to be used above them. Cadenza A short passage of music played in free time, designed to show off a players skill Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Solo A single player or singer. Sometimes other instruments in the background Duet Two players or singers of roughly equal importance Trio Three players or singers Quartet Four players or singers

Quintet Five players or singers Obbligato An instrument that takes an especially important line, sometimes a melody above the main tune Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition A cappella The choir sings unaccompanied Orchestra A large group of instruments Choir A large group of singers Simple Time 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 2/2, Compound 6/8, 9/8, 12/8, 15/16, 6/4 Time Anacrusis Unstressed noted before the bar line or downbeat Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Arco Played with a bow Plucked Con Sordino Played with a mute Senza Sordino Played without a mute Double and Wind instrument players use their tongues to Triple create rapid notes Double or Two or Three notes played at the same time on a Triple Stop Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Homophonic Block Chords Contrapuntal Two melodic lines at the same time Antiphonal Alternate Groups Monophonic A single melody line Melody and A distinct melody which stands out from the Accompaniment background accompaniment Unison Exactly the same notes in different parts Octaves 8 notes apart Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Grave Very Slow Largo Fairly Slow Andante Walking Pace Adagio Moderately Slow Moderato Moderate Speed Allegro Quick Vivace Quick and Lively Presto Extremely Quick Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Pulse/Beat The number of beats per bar Augmentation Making the notes uniformly longer Diminution Making the notes uniformly smaller Hemiola two groups of three beats are replaced by three groups of two beats, giving the effect of a shift between triple and duple metre. Scotch Snap a rhythmic feature in which a dotted note is preceded by a stressed shorter note Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Crescendo Gradually Louder Diminuendo Gradually Quieter Sforzando Accented Pianissimo Very Quiet Quiet Mezzopiano Moderately Quiet Forte Loud Fortissimo Very Loud Popular Music Key Words Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Riff Repeated short melodic or rhythmic figure Pitch Bend Bending the pitch up or down Melisma One syllable for lots of notes Hook Catchy melodic or pattern Slide Pressing a bottle neck or metal bar on a guitar string and moving it up or down to create a shifting pitch A glide from one pitch to another Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Improvisation Music made up by a musician in mid performance Ostinato Repeated pattern of notes, often used as an accompaniment Blues Notes 3rd, 7th and sometimes 5th note of the scale slightly lowered – The actual pitch varies according to the performer Chord Using Roman Numerals for chords Symbols Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Power Chords On an electric guitar these are chords without their 3rd Stock chord Common chord progressions in pop styles progression Pentatonic Five note scale that omits the 4th and 7th notes of the major scale Modal Scales and the resulting music that use the old church modes Blues Scales A scale that uses blues notes Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Intro/Outro Music used specifically for beginning and ending a song Verse The part of the lyrics that changes content but reuses the musical structure Chorus The part of the lyrics that repeats exactly the same each time, often contains song title Break Short solo passage as the rest of the band stop 12-bar blues Series of 7th chords lasting for 12 bars which forms the structure of the blues Drum Fill Drummer plays a more complex rhythm at the end of a phrase – it can be a drum break or the music may be continuous Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Standard Electric guitars, synthesisers contemporary instruments Specific Examples include; sitar, dilruba instrument types Instrumental Palm mute, hammer on, pull off, pitch bend, etc techniques Drum kit Names of kit instruments: high hat, kick drum etc specifics and techniques, rim shot, roll etc Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Vocal Timbre Falsetto, rap, holler, scat Specific Finger picking on an electric guitar or slap bass on instrumental a bass techniques Specific Amplification, distortion, feedback instrumental effects Recording ADT, Direct Injection (DI) Reverb, Chorus Techniques Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition BPM Beats Per Minute MM Metronome marking Groove Sense of everyone fitting together to create a forward rhythm, E.G a swing or funk feel Backbeat Emphasis on the 2nd and 4th beat, accents on the off beat Syncopation Accents in unexpected places, or rhythms that emphasise unusual parts of the beat Off-Beat The second and fourth beats Shuffle/swing Dotted or triplet quaver feel Traditional Music Key Words

Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Blue Notes 3rd, 7th and sometimes 5th note of the scale slightly lowered – The actual pitch varies according to the performer Pentatonic Five note scale that omits the 4th and 7th notes of the major scale Whole tone A scale made from whole notes, e.g C D E F# G# A# scale Modal Scales and the resulting music that use the old church modes Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Slide/ A glide from one pitch to another Glissando/ Portamento Appogiaturas Starting the note above and falling down – usually takes half the value of the note Ostinato Repeated pattern of notes, often used as an accompaniment Riff Repeated short melodic or rhythmic figures Melody-Scat Improvised wordless or nonsense singing Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Melisma One syllable for lots of notes Improvisation Music made up by a performer as they go along Strophic, verse Song with repeated sections of lyrics and chorus Call and A phrase is answered by another, using similar but not the response same material Popular song 32 bar song form A A B A forms Structure 12 or 16-bar blues Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Technology Synthesised and computer generated sounds, sampling, reverb, chorus, distortion Drone A note that stays constant, usually in the bass while the melody and harmony above it change Vocal Falsetto, vibrato, rap techniques Imitative Short motifs or phrases are copied in other parts usually with some modification Layered Parts above or below others to form a richer sound Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Irregular/Free Not following a rigid beat Skank Reggae guitar rhythm using upstums on the off- beat Bubble Reggae keyboard technique using off-beat quavers Clave Afro-Cuban rhythm using syncopated accents, typically with accents on the first and fourth beats with a semiquaver ahead or behind for the second and third beats Anacrusis Notes before the bar line Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Hemiola Feeling of two in triple time Bi-rhythm, Patterns of different rhythms superimposed, e.g cross rhythm, three cotchet triplets above a steady two polyrhythm Shuffle beat Dotted rhythm feel Backbeat Accent on the second and fourth beats Syncopation Accents in unexpected places, or rhythms that emphasise unusual parts of the beat Off-beat The second and fourth beats Western Classical Tradition Since 1910 Key Words Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Ostinato Repeated pattern of notes, often used as an accompaniment Motif Short distinctive recurring musical idea used for compositional purpuses Melisma One syllable sung over many notes Chromatic Using notes not found in the key Dissonant Harsh or discordant sounds created by two notes that do not harmonise Pedal A constant note, often tonic or dominant, with melody and harmony changing above Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Pentatonic Five note scale that omits the 4th and 7th notes of the major scale Whole Tone A scale made from whole notes, e.g C D E F# G# A# Scale Modal Scales and the resulting music that use the old church modes Tonal Music that is largely tonal but not clearly in one Ambiguity specific key Aspire: To Explain Key Words Challenge: To remember Key Words Key Word Definition Retuning of stringed instruments up or down Flutter Wind instrument tonguing technique in which tonguing performers flutter their tongue to make a characteristic "FrrrrFrrrrr" sound. Col Legno Stringed instrument technique where you play with the wood of the bow Vamping Repeating a musical figure like a guitar riff so that people can solo over the top