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Août 1998 Special Issue / Numéro Spécial

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ISSN 1/95-8898 ~~». ~ CMOS LETIN •pu:-s,...- -~ PU UMIQ Conadl<lll WCleorologlcal SCMO and Oceanographi ~ SOC I ~ ty BUL La Soclele c(modu' nn(' de nlf!tCor% g l(' ('/ d 'oreonographw August / aoat 1998 Vol. 26 SpeciaZlssue / N ume'ro special RNADO AND HAlLSTORM: THE EDMO:~~~~~ OF RESEARCH Photos By Charlton THE EDMONTON TORNADO AND HAILSTORM: A DECADE OF RESEARCH Robert B. Charlton, Bradley M. Kachman, Lubomir Wojtiw Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences' University of Alberta I Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E3 PREFACE If you wish to discover what was done to document western Canada's severe storm of the century, this account is for you. In the decade since the Edmonton tornado, notorious hailstorms have, on occasion, sidetracked the life of most every Albertan. A section on recent investigations into shingle damage by hail is included to inform homeowners of the ongoing problem. Nevertheless, it is hoped that this report will help us look ba{;k to the fateful day when Edmonton was struck by the unimaginable. PREFACE Si vous desirez decouvrir les efforts qui ont Me deployes afin' de documenter la tempete I du siecle de l'ouest du Canada, vous serez plus qu'interesses par Ie compte rendu presente ici. Durant la dizaine d'annees qui a suivi la Tornade d'Edmonton, pratiquement chaque I Albertain fut affecte de pres ou de loin par une tempete de grele. Vne section relatant les recherches sur les dommages aux bardeaux de toiture causes par la grele est incluse ici afin d'informer les proprietaires de maison du probleme en question. Nous esperons toutefois que ce rapport no us permettra de reexaminer ce jour memorable ou la ville d'Edmonton fut frappee par l'inimaginable. I I August/aoilt 1998 , The current affiliation of the authors to the Department is informal. Les auteurs ne sont presentement affilies que de fayon informelle au departement. CMOS Bulletin SCMO ABSTRACT nat the service of its members \ au service de ses membres" Western Canada's "severe-summer-storm \ of the century" is described at length. The maps Editor I Redacteur: Paul-Andre Bolduc are based primarily on information from a Marine Environmental Data Service newspaper survey published one week after the \ Department of Fisheries and Oceans Edmonton tornado. All materials are presented 1202-200 Kent Street from the point of view of meteorologists. I Ottawa, Ontario, KIA OE6, Canada Tel: (613) 990-0231; Fax: (613) 993-4658 The tornado ravaged areas along the \ Canadian Publications Product Sales Agreement # 0869228 eastern boundary of the city for approximately Envois de publications canadiennes one hour. It hit the industrial area hardest and Numero de convention # 0869228 was accompanied by extremely heavy rainfall, funnel clouds and two spin-off tornadoes. A Cover page: The illustration shown on the swath of giant hailstones, unprecedented for a cover page is a com po site photograph of city in Canada, fell on residential areas. These different tornadoes hitting various locations in occurrences, and ' a windy evening storm, Alberta. The photographs shown on the inside collectively dam aged nearly every part of cover page illustrate the damage done by some Edmonton on July 31 , 1987. For comparison, of those tornadoes. You can also see the main the research about the Ontario tornadoes of May author of this special issue examining the debris 31, 1985 is reviewed. caused by the severe storms. There are many other interesting colour photographs in this Eleven maps, three tables, and a special publication. selection of previously unpublished photographs are included. Some of the damaged industrial sites are described in detail using reports from Acknowledgement officials and eye witnesses. Responses to the newspaper survey are used to estimate the CMOS is grateful to Environment Canada, additional warning time gained by those citizens Prairie and Northern Region to allow the who were listening to a radio or watching publication of the exceptional document on television. tornadoes and hailstorms. Approximately 30,000 insurance claims for shingle dam age by hail were filed. The hail Canadian Meteorological and characteristics reported from various Oceanographic Society (CMOS) communities are compared with the records of two shingling firms. Laboratory research into Aim of the Society hail damage to shingles is examined. The hail swath is compared with that of the 1991 hailstorm in Calgary where the largest insurance The Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic loss for a Canadian natural disaster was Society (CMOS) was formed in 1967 as the recorded. However, the Edmonton hailstorm Canadian Meteorological Society and was joined was more severe by most measures. in 1977 by the oceanographers. It is a national society of individuals and organizations Many obscure scientific studies and dedicated to advancing all aspects of atmospheric materials related to the Edmonton tornado have sciences, oceanography and related been referenced. This study ends with a environmental disciplines in Canada. comparison of the severe thunderstorm risk in Edmonton and Calgary. CMOS e-mail address [email protected] http://www.meds.dfo.ca/cmos/ 2 RESUME tous les egards. On decrit ici en detail la "Tempete Plusieurs etudes scientifiques et autres estivale du siecle" de I'ouest canadien. Les documents relies a la tornade d'Edmonton - la cartes presentees sont basees principalement sur plupart plus ou moins connus sont des informations obtenues it partir des resultats mentionnes en reference. L'etude se termine avec d'un sondage journalistique publie une semaine une comparaison des differents risques d'orage apres la Tornade d'Edmonton. Le contenu est severe it Edmonton et Calgary. presente entierement selon Ie point de vue des meteorologistes. Page couverture: L'illustration de la page couverture est une composition photographique I Durant environ une heure, la tornade de plusieurs tornades frappant differentes regions causa ravages et destruction tout Ie long de la de l'Alberta. Les photographies que I'on peut frontiere est de la ville. La zone industrielle fut appercevoir it l'interieur de la page couverture particulierement affectee. La tornade fut aussi illustrent les dommages causes par ces tornades. I accompagnee de pluies torrentielles et de nuages On peut aussi voir I'auteur principal exminant les en entonnoir, et causa la formation de deux debris materiels causes par ces fortes tempetes. autres petites tornades. Des grelons gigantesques II y a plusieurs autres photographies en couleurs - du jamais vu pour une ville canadienne - toutes aussi saisissantes dans cette publication tomberent sur un large cotridor de zones speciale. residentielles. Ces evenements, combines avec une autre tern pete de vent Ie meme soir du 31 Remerciement juillet 1987, causerent collectivement des dommages sur la presque totalite de la ville La SCMO remercie Environnement Canada, d'Edmonton. Pour fins de comparaison, nous Region des Prairies et du Nord, pour avoir presentons en revue une recherche sur les autorise la publication de ce document tornades du 31 mai 1985 en Ontario. exceptionnel sur les tornades et les tern petes de grele. Onze cartes, trois tableaux, et une selection de photographies inedites sont inclus. Quelques uns des sites industriels endommages Societe canadienne de meteorologie et sont decrits en detail it l'aide de rapports d'oceanographie (SCMO) d'experts et de temoins oculaires. Les reponses au sondage sont utili sees pour estimer Ie temps But de la Societe de reponse additionel dont ont beneficie les citoyens qui ecoutaient la radio ou regardaient la La Societe canadienne de meteorologie et television. d'oceanographie (SCMO) a ete formee en 1967 comme la Societe canadienne de meteorologie a Environ trente mille reclamations pour laquelle se joignirent en 1977les oceanographes. dommages aux bardeaux de toiture furent reyues. C'est une organisation nation ale regroup ant des Les caracteristiques de la grele telles que individus et des organismes voues a la promotion rapportees par differentes communautes sont de la meteorologie et de l'oceanographie ainsi comparees avec les documents de deux que des disciplines environnementales connexes compagnies de bardeaux. Nous examinons sous tous leurs aspects au Canada. egalement les recherches en laboratoire concernant les dommages aux bardeaux causes Adresses electroniques de la SCMO par la grele. Le corridor de grele est compare it celui de la tempete de grele de 1991 it Calgary, [email protected] ou on enregistra les plus grandes pertes http://www.meds.dfo.ca/cmos/ d'assurance jamais encourues lors d'un desastre naturel canadien. La tempete de grele d'Edmonton fut neanmoins plus severe it presque 3 CONTENTS 1. Urban Tornadoes in Canada . \ 2. The Newspaper Survey 7 3. Information from Various Sources ... .. .. 13 \ 4. Sightings and Warnings ... 19 I 5. The Greatest Hailstorm 29 6. Damage Reports ..... ... .. ...... ... .. .. .. 35 7. Survey of Shingle Replacements . .. 39 8. Thunderstorms in Edmonton and Calgary . 49 9. Conclusions and Discussions. 50 Acknowledgements . ... 51 References ... ... 52 \ © Copyright 1998 by the Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (CMOS). Permission to use figures, tables and briefs excerpts from this publication is scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided the source is acknowledged. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
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