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Strategies for Improving the Energy Efficiency of the Moscow Metro System

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Strategies for Improving the Energy Efficiency of the Moscow Metro System STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE MOSCOW METRO SYSTEM (Moscow Metro, 2011) By: Kevin Kell Kliment Minchev Jacob Manning Date: October 11, 2013 ii This Page Left Intentionally Blank iii STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE MOSCOW METRO SYSTEM An Interactive Qualifying Project submitted to the faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science Sponsoring Agency: EY (CIS) B.V., Moscow branch Submitted by: Kevin Kell Kliment Minchev __________________________________ __________________________________ Jacob Manning __________________________________ Date: October 11, 2013 With Additional Authorship by Students From the Moscow Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation: Boris Klushin Dimitry Dubrovin Daria Pudova Andrey Popkov Anastasia Beloipetskaya Evgenia Meylman Report submitted to: Mr. Alexander Annaev, Manager, Clean Technology & Sustainability Services, EY Mr. Ivan Sokolov, Project Leader, Clean Technology & Sustainability Services, EY Prof. James Chiarelli, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Prof. Svetlana Nikitina, Worcester Polytechnic Institute iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... vi Statement of Limitations ............................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... viii Authorship ..................................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. x List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................................ xii List of Technical Terms ................................................................................................................. xiii Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 2: Background ......................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 2.1 Preliminary Case Studies ............................................................................................ 3 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Weight Reduction ................................................................................................................................. 4 Tunnel Wall Wind Turbines ................................................................................................................. 5 Turnstile Energy Generation ................................................................................................................ 7 Optimized Maintenance ....................................................................................................................... 8 Platform Screen Doors ......................................................................................................................... 9 Start Control Systems ......................................................................................................................... 11 LED Lighting ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Optimization of Acceleration ............................................................................................................. 13 Motor Upgrade ................................................................................................................................... 14 Ventilation Overhaul .......................................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 2.2: Benchmarking Matrix .............................................................................................. 16 Chapter 2.3: Final Three Choices ................................................................................................. 24 Chapter 2.3.1: Ultracapacitors ............................................................................................................ 24 Chapter 2.3.2: Kinetic Energy Harvesting .......................................................................................... 31 Chapter 2.3.3: Train Automation ........................................................................................................ 41 Chapter 3: Methodology ...................................................................................................... 47 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 47 Chapter 3.1: Case Studies ............................................................................................................. 47 Chapter 3.2: Interviews ................................................................................................................. 48 Chapter 3.3: Benchmarking Matrix .............................................................................................. 49 Chapter 3.4: Developing Pilot Projects ......................................................................................... 50 Chapter 3.5: Benchmarking Costs ................................................................................................ 51 Chapter 3.6: Financial Modeling .................................................................................................. 51 Chapter 3.7: Energy and Economic Analysis ................................................................................ 53 Chapter 4: Findings ............................................................................................................... 54 Chapter 4.1: Ultracapacitors ........................................................................................................... 54 v Chapter 4.1.1: Proposed Ultracapacitor Plan ..................................................................................... 54 Chapter 4.1.2: Analysis of Ultracapacitors ......................................................................................... 55 Chapter 4.2: Kinetic Energy Harvesting ........................................................................................... 60 Chapter 4.2.1 Proposed Energy Harvesting Plan ................................................................................ 60 Chapter 4.2.2 Analysis of Energy Harvesting ...................................................................................... 63 Chapter 4.3: Train Automation ....................................................................................................... 75 Chapter 4.3.1: Proposed Plan for Train Automation .......................................................................... 75 Chapter 4.3.2: Analysis of Train Automation ...................................................................................... 77 Chapter 5: Conclusions and recommendations ................................................................... 87 Works Cited ........................................................................................................................ 90 Appendices .......................................................................................................................... 95 Appendix A: Map of the Moscow Metro ....................................................................................... 95 Appendix B: Moscow Metro Transportation Authority Questionnaire ........................................ 96 Appendix C: Abridged Patents ........................................................................................................ 97 Pavegen Patent ................................................................................................................................... 97 Waydip Patent .................................................................................................................................... 98 Innowattech Patent ............................................................................................................................. 99 Appendix D: Terms of Reference ................................................................................................ 100 vi ABSTRACT The Moscow Metro is moving towards a more sustainable energy future. To achieve its goals, the Metro needs to take advantage of clean technology. The objective of this study is to identify the best available technologies and/or practices to reduce energy consumption and increase energy efficiency in the Metro system, and to provide recommendations on how such technologies should be implemented. An emphasis was made on finding energy efficiency options available beyond the measures currently in place. After extensive research, it was determined that ultracapacitors, train automation, and kinetic energy harvesting are three technologies
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