DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 2 Table 2-1. Earth Science and Space Application Missions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Data Book 8 - Tables Chapter 2 Table 2-1. Earth Science and Space Application Missions (1989–1998) Launch Date Mission Discipline Remarks January 1, 1989– Airborne Arctic Atmospheric NASA-NOAA airborne February 28, 1989 Stratospheric Expedition I research study (AASE I) May 14, 1991 NOAA-12 Meteorology Deployment of NOAA satellite into a morning orbit September 12, 1991 UARS Atmospheric research October 4, 1991–March AASE II Atmospheric Airborne study 26, 1992 research August 10, 1992 Ocean Topography Ocean surface Joint U.S.-French mission Experiment topography launched from Kourou, (TOPEX)/Poseidon French Guiana October 22, 1992 Laser Geodynamic Earth science NASA–Italian space Satellite II (LAGEOS II) agency mission August 9, 1993 NOAA-13 Meteorology Deployment of NOAA satellite (contact lost two weeks after launch) September 12, 1993 Advanced Communications First high-speed, all- Communications digital communications Technology Satellite satellite (ACTS) October 5, 1993 Landsat 6 Earth science Failed to achieve orbit 1994 Airborne Southern Atmospheric Aircraft flights based in Hemisphere Ozone research Christchurch, New Experiment (ASHOE) Zealand April 13, 1994 Geostationary Operational Meteorology Deployment of NOAA Environmental Satellite satellite (first in a new (GOES)-8 series of three-axis stabilized satellites) December 30, 1994 NOAA-14 Meteorology Deployment of NOAA satellite into an afternoon orbit April 3, 1995 MicroLab-1 (OrbView-1) Atmospheric Pegasus launch research May 23, 1995 GOES-9 Meteorology Deployment of NOAA satellite (deactivated on July 28, 1998, because of failing bearings in the momentum wheels) November 4, 1995 Radar Satellite-1 Earth observation Joint Canadian Space (RADARSAT-1) and geodesy Agency (CSA), NASA, and NOAA project T - 1 Data Book 8 - Tables Launch Date Mission Discipline Remarks July 2, 1996 TOMS Earth Probe Atmospheric Pegasus launch (TOMS-EP) research August 17, 1996 TOMS-Advanced Earth Atmospheric NASA-provided Observing Satellite research instrument on Japanese (TOMS-ADEOS) satellite August 17, 1996 NASA Scatterometer Ocean research NASA-provided (NSCAT) instrument on Japanese satellite April 25, 1997 GOES-10 Meteorology Deployment of NOAA satellite August 1, 1997 SeaStar (OrbView-2) Ocean research Sea-viewing Wide Field- of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) payload; Pegasus launch August 23, 1997 Lewis1 Technology Failed due to a flawed demonstration attitude-control system design and inadequate spacecraft monitoring November 27, 1997 Tropical Rainfall Atmospheric Joint project with Japan Measuring Mission research (TRMM) May 13, 1998 NOAA-15 Meteorology Deployment of NOAA satellite into a morning orbit 1 Details of the Lewis mission can be found in chapter 3 of this volume (“Aeronautics, Technology, and Exploration”). T - 2 Data Book 8 - Tables Table 2-2. Attached and Retrieved Missions Launch Date and Mission Discipline Area Remarks Mission Number June 5, 1991 Spacelab Life Sciences Life sciences Spacelab mission STS-40 Lab (SLS)-1 January 22, 1992 International Microgravity studies Spacelab mission STS-42 Microgravity Laboratory (IML)-1 March 24, 1992 ATLAS-1 Atmospheric studies Spacelab mission STS-45 June 25, 1992 U.S. Microgravity Microgravity studies Spacelab mission STS-50 Laboratory (USML)-1 September 12, 1992 Spacelab J Microgravity and life Japanese Spacelab STS-47 sciences mission October 22, 1992 U.S. Microgravity Microgravity studies STS-52 Payload (USMP)-1 April 8, 1993 ATLAS-2 Atmospheric studies Spacelab mission STS-56 April 26, 1993 Spacelab D2 Microgravity studies German Spacelab STS-55 mission October 18, 1993 SLS-2 Life sciences Spacelab mission STS-58 February 3, 1994 Wake Shield Facility Technology Attempt to deploy failed STS-60 (WSF)-1 March 4, 1994 Shuttle Solar Atmospheric studies Sixth flight of SSBUV STS-62 Backscatter Ultraviolet Experiment (SSBUV) March 4, 1994 USMP-2 Microgravity studies STS-62 April 9, 1994 Space Radar Laboratory Earth science STS-59 (SRL)-1 July 8, 1994 IML-2 Microgravity studies Spacelab mission STS-65 September 9, 1994 Lidar In-Space Atmospheric research First use of laser optical STS-64 Technology Experiment and technology radar for atmospheric (LITE) experiment research September 30, 1994 SRL-2 Earth science STS-68 November 3, 1994 Cryogenic Infrared Earth science Joint project with STS-66 Spectrometers and Germany Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite (CRISTA-SPAS)-1 November 3, 1994 ATLAS-3 Atmospheric physics Spacelab mission T - 3 Data Book 8 - Tables Launch Date and Mission Discipline Area Remarks Mission Number STS-66 June 27, 1995 Spacelab-Mir LM Life sciences First Shuttle-Mir STS-71 docking September 7, 1995 WSF-2 Technology Successful deployment STS-69 and retrieval October 20, 1995 USML-2 Microgravity studies STS-73 February 22, 1996 USMP-3 Microgravity studies STS-75 June 20, 1996 Life and Microgravity Life and microgravity STS-78 Spacelab (LMS) sciences November 19, 1996 WSF-3 Technology Successful deployment STS-80 and retrieval April 4, 1997 Microgravity Science Materials sciences Spacelab mission was STS-83 Laboratory (MSL)-1 cut short July 1, 1997 MSL-1 Materials sciences Reflight of STS-83 STS-94 mission August 7, 1997 CRISTA-SPAS-2 Earth science Joint mission with STS-85 Germany November 19, 1997 USMP-4 Microgravity studies STS-87 April 17, 1998 Neurolab Neurobiological life Last Spacelab mission STS-90 sciences T - 4 Data Book 8 - Tables Table 2-3. Programmed Budget by Major Budget Category (FY 1989–FY 1998) (in thousands of dollars) Budget Category/Fiscal Year 1989 1990 1991 1992 19932 Earth Sciences and Applications 403,400 434,199 662,300 725,393 — Materials Processing 75,600 101,887 102,300 120,800 — Communications 92,200 77,652 50,500 20,000 — Information Systems 19,900 28,217 35,700 35,000 — Research Operations Support — — — 83,909 — MTPE — — — — 936,316 Total–All Earth sciences and 591,100 641,955 850,800 985,102 936,316 applications/MTPE program areas Budget Category/Fiscal Year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Earth Sciences and Applications — — — — — Materials Processing — — — — — Communications — — — — — Information Systems — — — — — Research Operations Support — — — — — MTPE 1,112,900 1,344,100 1,360,800 1,361,600 1,417,300 Total–All Earth sciences and 1,112,900 1,344,100 1,360,800 1,361,600 1,417,300 applications/MTPE program areas 2 A major restructuring of Earth science program areas occurred at this time. T - 5 Data Book 8 - Tables Table 2-4. Earth Science and Applications Funding History (in thousands of dollars)3 Year Submission Programmed (Fiscal) 1989 450,400/413,700 403,400 1990 434,300/439,299 434,199 1991 661,500/667,900 662,300 1992 775,600/738,500 725,393 1993 868,500/863,848 —4 1994 —5 — 3 This budget category was called Environmental Observations in the FY 1989 budget estimate. 4 There was no programmed amount in budget documents. 5 This represents a reconfigured budget structure. The category of Earth sciences was included in the MTPE budget and divided among several budget line items. T - 6 Data Book 8 - Tables Table 2-5. Solid Earth Observations Funding History (in thousands of dollars)6 Year Submission Programmed (Fiscal) 1989 82,100/—7 — 6 Included here are the Payload and Instrument Development, Geodynamics, and Research and Analysis budget categories. 7 The budget category was eliminated. The Research and Analysis budget was redistributed on a task-by-task basis. T - 7 Data Book 8 - Tables Table 2-6. Land Processes Research and Analysis Funding History (in thousands of dollars) Year Submission Programmed (Fiscal) 1989 22,9008/19,9009 — 1990 22,500/—10 — 8 This was called Research and Analysis under the Solid Earth Observations Program at the time of the initial FY 1989 budget estimate submission. 9 Some research activities were deferred to FY 1990 to provide critical funding for near-term planetary missions. 10 The budget category was discontinued. No revised budget estimate or programmed amounts were shown in budget documents. The Research and Analysis budget was redistributed on a task-by-task basis. T - 8 Data Book 8 - Tables Table 2-7. Payload and Instrument Development (Solid Earth Observations Program) Funding History (in thousands of dollars) Year Submission Programmed (Fiscal) 1989 25,300/24,80011 25,30012 11 This was included as a component of the Earth Science Payload Instrument Development budget category. 12 This was included as a component of the Payload and Instrument Development funding category. See table 2-20. T - 9 Data Book 8 - Tables Table 2-8. Geodynamics Funding History (in thousands of dollars) Year Submission Programmed (Fiscal) 1989 33,900/32,90013 — 1990 38,00014/—15 — 13 Some research activities were deferred to FY 1990 to provide critical funding for near-term planetary missions. 14 This be used to fund the U.S. portion of the Laser Geodynamic Satellite (LAGEOS) mission (joint mission with Italy). 15 The budget category was discontinued. No revised budget estimate or programmed amounts were shown in budget documents. T - 10 Data Book 8 - Tables Table 2-9. Materials Processing in Space Funding History (in thousands of dollars) Year Submission Programmed (Fiscal) 1989 73,400/75,600 75,600 1990 92,700/99,015 101,88716 1991 97,300/102,300 102,300 1992 125,800/118,800 120,800 1993 195,300/172,93417 — 1994 (89,400)18/— — 16 The budget category included Research and Analysis, Materials Experiment Operations, Space Station Utilization, and Commercial Microgravity R&D Enhancements. 17 The budget category included Materials Processing in Space—Research and Analysis, and Materials Processing in Space, Flight Experiments budget categories. 18 The budget category was transferred to the OLMSA budget category. See chapter 3 of volume VII for details of OLMSA’s budget. T - 11 Data Book 8 - Tables Table 2-10. Communications Funding History (in thousands of dollars) Year Submission Programmed (Fiscal) 1989 16,200/92,20019 92,200 1990 18,60020/77,97521 77,65222 1991 52,800/52,500 50,500 1992 39,40023/12,500 20,00024 1993 4,600/4,986 — 19 The number reflected $74.6 million for the ACTS.
Recommended publications
  • Former Astronaut Visits Stennis

    Former Astronaut Visits Stennis

    Volume 7 Issue 8 www.nasa.gov/centers/stennis August 2012 Touchdown! Take it both ways – the Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, touched Sharp at a height of about 3.4 miles, taller than Mount Whitney in California. down on the surface of Mars early on the morning of Aug. 6 CDT, and the The Curiosity team hopes to drive the rover to the mountain to investigate NASA team scored a very big touchdown for space exploration. This image its lower layers, which scientists think hold clues to past environmental taken by Curiosity shows what lies ahead for the rover – its main science change. This image was captured by a rover camera shortly after it landed. target, Mount Sharp. The rover’s shadow can be seen in the foreground, It has been linearized to remove the distorted appearance that results from and the dark bands beyond are dunes. Rising up in the distance is Mount its fisheye lens. For additional coverage and photos, see pages 4-7. Page 2 LAGNIAPPE August 2012 “NASA is in a unique position to excite and inspire students about STEM education, and to help grow our technical workforce.” From the desk of Katie Wallace Director, Office of Education, Stennis Space Center he Mars Science Laboratory’s successful land- and over 8,000 students and parents. Our workshops ing on Mars early Aug. 6 was a huge engi- have a satisfaction rating of 99 percent. Tneering accomplishment! Years of research, planning, collaboration and dedication came down to In addition, we focus on student activities that enrich seven minutes.
  • View NASA As Adrift

    View NASA As Adrift

    A SpacePolicyOnline.Com Hearing Summary Confirmation of Charles Bolden and Lori Garver to be Administrator and Deputy Administrator of NASA Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee July 8, 2009 Chair: Senator Jay Rockefeller (D-WV) Ranking Member: Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison (R-TX) Witnesses Maj. Gen. Charles Bolden (USMC, Ret.), nominee for Administrator (prepared statement) Ms. Lori Garver, nominee for Deputy Administrator (prepared statement) Background NASA has had an Acting Administrator, Christopher Scolese, since the resignation of Michael Griffin on January 20, 2009 with the change in administrations. The Deputy Administrator position has been vacant since January also, when Shana Dale resigned. Gen. Bolden and Ms. Garver were nominated by President Obama to be Administrator and Deputy Administrator on May 23, 2009. Gen. Bolden is a former NASA astronaut who flew on a space shuttle mission with now-Senator Bill Nelson (D-FL) who was a congressman from Florida at the time. Ms. Garver has a broad background in space – from representing grass roots space enthusiasts as executive director of the National Space Society, to serving at NASA at Associate Administrator for Policy during the tenure of Administrator Dan Goldin, to representing private sector space efforts as a consultant for the past eight years. She competed with singer Lance Bass to become a “space tourist” on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft in the early 2000’s, but neither was able to raise the requisite funding. She was a key adviser to the Hillary Clinton campaign on space issues, and moved to the Obama campaign after he won the Democratic nomination. A webcast of the hearing is available here.
  • Nasa's Fiscal Year 2010 Budget Request Hearing

    Nasa's Fiscal Year 2010 Budget Request Hearing

    NASA’S FISCAL YEAR 2010 BUDGET REQUEST HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MAY 19, 2009 Serial No. 111–28 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 49–551PDF WASHINGTON : 2009 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 15:34 Dec 19, 2009 Jkt 049551 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\DWORK\FULL09\051909\49551 SCIENCE1 PsN: SCIENCE1 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HON. BART GORDON, Tennessee, Chairman JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois RALPH M. HALL, Texas EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER JR., LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California Wisconsin DAVID WU, Oregon LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas BRIAN BAIRD, Washington DANA ROHRABACHER, California BRAD MILLER, North Carolina ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois VERNON J. EHLERS, Michigan GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma DONNA F. EDWARDS, Maryland JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois MARCIA L. FUDGE, Ohio W. TODD AKIN, Missouri BEN R. LUJA´ N, New Mexico RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas PAUL D. TONKO, New York BOB INGLIS, South Carolina PARKER GRIFFITH, Alabama MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas STEVEN R. ROTHMAN, New Jersey MARIO DIAZ-BALART, Florida JIM MATHESON, Utah BRIAN P. BILBRAY, California LINCOLN DAVIS, Tennessee ADRIAN SMITH, Nebraska BEN CHANDLER, Kentucky PAUL C.
  • The Earth Observer. July

    The Earth Observer. July

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration The Earth Observer. July - August 2012. Volume 24, Issue 4. Editor’s Corner Steve Platnick obser ervth EOS Senior Project Scientist The joint NASA–U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat program celebrated a major milestone on July 23 with the 40th anniversary of the launch of the Landsat-1 mission—then known as the Earth Resources and Technology Satellite (ERTS). Landsat-1 was the first in a series of seven Landsat satellites launched to date. At least one Landsat satellite has been in operation at all times over the past four decades providing an uninter- rupted record of images of Earth’s land surface. This has allowed researchers to observe patterns of land use from space and also document how the land surface is changing with time. Numerous operational applications of Landsat data have also been developed, leading to improved management of resources and informed land use policy decisions. (The image montage at the bottom of this page shows six examples of how Landsat data has been used over the last four decades.) To commemorate the anniversary, NASA and the USGS helped organize and participated in several events on July 23. A press briefing was held over the lunch hour at the Newseum in Washington, DC, where presenta- tions included the results of a My American Landscape contest. Earlier this year NASA and the USGS sent out a press release asking Americans to describe landscape change that had impacted their lives and local areas. Of the many responses received, six were chosen for discussion at the press briefing with the changes depicted in time series or pairs of Landsat images.
  • L AUNCH SYSTEMS Databk7 Collected.Book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM Databk7 Collected.Book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM

    L AUNCH SYSTEMS Databk7 Collected.Book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM Databk7 Collected.Book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM

    databk7_collected.book Page 17 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS databk7_collected.book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM databk7_collected.book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS Introduction Launch systems provide access to space, necessary for the majority of NASA’s activities. During the decade from 1989–1998, NASA used two types of launch systems, one consisting of several families of expendable launch vehicles (ELV) and the second consisting of the world’s only partially reusable launch system—the Space Shuttle. A significant challenge NASA faced during the decade was the development of technologies needed to design and implement a new reusable launch system that would prove less expensive than the Shuttle. Although some attempts seemed promising, none succeeded. This chapter addresses most subjects relating to access to space and space transportation. It discusses and describes ELVs, the Space Shuttle in its launch vehicle function, and NASA’s attempts to develop new launch systems. Tables relating to each launch vehicle’s characteristics are included. The other functions of the Space Shuttle—as a scientific laboratory, staging area for repair missions, and a prime element of the Space Station program—are discussed in the next chapter, Human Spaceflight. This chapter also provides a brief review of launch systems in the past decade, an overview of policy relating to launch systems, a summary of the management of NASA’s launch systems programs, and tables of funding data. The Last Decade Reviewed (1979–1988) From 1979 through 1988, NASA used families of ELVs that had seen service during the previous decade.
  • Landsat Data: Community Standard for Data Calibration

    Landsat Data: Community Standard for Data Calibration

    LANDSAT DATA: COMMUNITY STANDARD FOR DATA CALIBRATION A Report of the National Geospatial Advisory Committee Landsat Advisory Group October 2020 Landsat Data: Community Standard for Data Calibration October 2020 LANDSAT DATA: COMMUNITY STANDARD FOR DATA CALIBRATION Executive Summary Landsat has become a widely recognized “gold” reference for Earth observation satellites. Landsat’s extensive historical record of highly calibrated data is a public good and exploited by other satellite operators to improve their data and products, and is becoming an open standard. However, the significance, value, and use case description of highly calibrated satellite data are typically not presented in a way that is understandable to general audiences. This paper aims to better communicate the fundamental importance of Landsat in making Earth observation data more accessible and interoperable for global users. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in early 2020, requested the Landsat Advisory Group (LAG), subcommittee of the National Geospatial Advisory Committee (NGAC) to prepare this paper for a general audience, clearly capturing the essence of Landsat’s “gold” standard standing. Terminology, descriptions, and specific examples are presented at a layperson’s level. Concepts emphasize radiometric, geometric, spectral, and cross-sensor calibration, without complex algorithms. Referenced applications highlight change detection, time-series analysis, crop type mapping and data fusion/harmonization/integration. Introduction The National Land Imaging Program leadership from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) requested that the Landsat Advisory Group (LAG), a subcommittee of the National Geospatial Advisory Committee (NGAC), prepare a paper that accurately and coherently describes how Landsat data have become widely recognized as a radiometric and geometric calibration standard or “good-as-gold” reference for other multi-spectral satellite data.
  • AAAC Report 2009

    AAAC Report 2009

    Report of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee (AAAC) March 15, 2009 March 15, 2009 Dr. Arden L. Bement, Jr., Director National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1205 Arlington, VA 22230 Dr. Christopher Scolese, Administrator (Acting) Office of the Administrator NASA Headquarters Washington, DC 20546-0001 Dr. Steven Chu, Secretary of Energy U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 The Honorable Bart Gordon, Chairman Committee on Science and Technology House of Representatives Washington, DC 20515 The Honorable John D. Rockefeller, IV, Chairman Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation United States Senate Washington, DC 20510 The Honorable Ted Kennedy, Chairman Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions United States Senate Washington, DC 20510 Dear Dr. Bement, Dr. Scolese, Secretary Chu, Chairman Gordon, Chairman Rockefeller, and Chairman Kennedy: I am pleased to transmit to you the annual report of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee for 2008–2009. The Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee was established under the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 2002 Public Law 107-368 to: Dr. Arden L. Bement, Jr. March 15, 2009 Mr. Christopher Scolese Page 2 Dr. Steven Chu Representative Bart Gordon Senator John D. Rockefeller, IV Senator Ted Kennedy (1) assess, and make recommendations regarding, the coordination of astronomy and astrophysics programs of the Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Department
  • The Space-Based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010)

    The Space-Based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010)

    WMO Space Programme SP-7 The Space-based Global Observing For more information, please contact: System in 2010 (GOS-2010) World Meteorological Organization 7 bis, avenue de la Paix – P.O. Box 2300 – CH 1211 Geneva 2 – Switzerland www.wmo.int WMO Space Programme Office Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 85 19 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 84 74 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.wmo.int/pages/prog/sat/ WMO-TD No. 1513 WMO Space Programme SP-7 The Space-based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010) WMO/TD-No. 1513 2010 © World Meteorological Organization, 2010 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate these publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chairperson, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0)22 730 84 03 P.O. Box No. 2300 Fax: +41 (0)22 730 80 40 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] FOREWORD The launching of the world's first artificial satellite on 4 October 1957 ushered a new era of unprecedented scientific and technological achievements. And it was indeed a fortunate coincidence that the ninth session of the WMO Executive Committee – known today as the WMO Executive Council (EC) – was in progress precisely at this moment, for the EC members were very quick to realize that satellite technology held the promise to expand the volume of meteorological data and to fill the notable gaps where land-based observations were not readily available.
  • US National Security and Economic Interests in Remote Sensing

    US National Security and Economic Interests in Remote Sensing

    NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY 7500 GEOINT Drive Springfield. Virginia 22150 Steven Aftergood Sent via U.S. mail Federation of American Scientists November 28,2012 1725 Desales Street NW, Suite 600 Re: FOIA Case Number: 20100025F Washington, DC 20036 Dear Mr. Aftergood: This letter responds to your October 29, 2009 Freedom oflnformation Act (FOIA) request, which we received on October 29, 2009. You requested access to documents pertaining to "U.S. National Security and Economic Interests in Remote Sensing: The Evolution of Civil and Commercial Policy by James A. Vedda, Aerospace Corp., February 20, 2009, preparedfor NGA Sensor Assimilation Division." , A search ofNGA's system of records located one document (37 pages) that is responsive to your request. We reviewed the responsive documents and determined they are releasable in full. If you have any questions about the way we handled your request, or about our FOIA regulations or procedures, please contact Elliott Bellinger, Deputy FOIA Program Manager, at 571-557-2994 or by email at [email protected] or via postal mail at: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency FOIA Requester Service Center 7500 GEOINT Drive, MS S71-0GCA Springfield, VA 22150-7500 Sincerely, ~ Elliott Belinger Deputy FOIA Program Manager UNCLASSIFIED AEROSPACE REPORT NO. TOR-2009(3601 )-8539 U.S. National Security and Economic Interests in Remote Sensing: The Evolution of Civil and Commercial Policy 20 February 2009 James A. Yedda NSS Programs Policy and Oversight National Space Systems Engineering Prepared for: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Sensor Assimilation Division Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20191-3449 Contract No. FA8802-09-C-OOO 1 Authorized by: National Systems Group Distribution Statement: Distribution authorized to U.S.
  • Use of Remotely Sensed Data to Enhance Estimation of Aboveground Biomass for the Dry Afromontane Forest in South-Central Ethiopia

    Use of Remotely Sensed Data to Enhance Estimation of Aboveground Biomass for the Dry Afromontane Forest in South-Central Ethiopia

    remote sensing Article Use of Remotely Sensed Data to Enhance Estimation of Aboveground Biomass for the Dry Afromontane Forest in South-Central Ethiopia Habitamu Taddese 1,2,* , Zerihun Asrat 2,3 , Ingunn Burud 1, Terje Gobakken 3 , Hans Ole Ørka 3 , Øystein B. Dick 1 and Erik Næsset 3 1 Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; [email protected] (I.B.); [email protected] (Ø.B.D.) 2 Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 128, Shashemene 3870006, Ethiopia; [email protected] 3 Faculty Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; [email protected] (T.G.); [email protected] (H.O.Ø.); [email protected] (E.N.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +47-4671-8534 Received: 31 July 2020; Accepted: 11 October 2020; Published: 13 October 2020 Abstract: Periodic assessment of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) is essential to regulate the impacts of the changing climate. However, AGB estimation using field-based sample survey (FBSS) has limited precision due to cost and accessibility constraints. Fortunately, remote sensing technologies assist to improve AGB estimation precisions. Thus, this study assessed the role of remotely sensed (RS) data in improving the precision of AGB estimation in an Afromontane forest in south-central Ethiopia. The research objectives were to identify RS variables that are useful for estimating AGB and evaluate the extent of improvement in the precision of the remote sensing-assisted AGB estimates beyond the precision of a pure FBSS.
  • The EO-1 Mission and the Advanced Land Imager the EO-1 Mission and the Advanced Land Imager Constantine J

    The EO-1 Mission and the Advanced Land Imager the EO-1 Mission and the Advanced Land Imager Constantine J

    • DIGENIS The EO-1 Mission and the Advanced Land Imager The EO-1 Mission and the Advanced Land Imager Constantine J. Digenis n The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) was developed at Lincoln Laboratory under the sponsorship of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The purpose of ALI was to validate in space new technologies that could be utilized in future Landsat satellites, resulting in significant economies of mass, size, power consumption, and cost, and in improved instrument sensitivity and image resolution. The sensor performance on orbit was verified through the collection of high-quality imagery of the earth as seen from space. ALI was launched onboard the Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) satellite in November 2000 and inserted into a 705 km circular, sun-synchronous orbit, flying in formation with Landsat 7. Since then, ALI has met all its performance objectives and continues to provide good science data long after completing its original mission duration of one year. This article serves as a brief introduction to ALI and to six companion articles on ALI in this issue of the Journal. nder the landsat program, a series of sat- in the cross-track direction, covering a ground swath ellites have provided an archive of multispec- width of 185 km. The typical image is also 185 km Utral images of the earth. The first Landsat long along the flight path. satellite was launched in 1972 in a move to explore The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) was developed at the earth from space as the manned exploration of the Lincoln Laboratory under the sponsorship of the Na- moon was ending.
  • Civilian Satellite Remote Sensing: a Strategic Approach

    Civilian Satellite Remote Sensing: a Strategic Approach

    Civilian Satellite Remote Sensing: A Strategic Approach September 1994 OTA-ISS-607 NTIS order #PB95-109633 GPO stock #052-003-01395-9 Recommended citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Civilian Satellite Remote Sensing: A Strategic Approach, OTA-ISS-607 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, September 1994). For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP. Washington, DC 20402-9328 ISBN 0-16 -045310-0 Foreword ver the next two decades, Earth observations from space prom- ise to become increasingly important for predicting the weather, studying global change, and managing global resources. How the U.S. government responds to the political, economic, and technical0 challenges posed by the growing interest in satellite remote sensing could have a major impact on the use and management of global resources. The United States and other countries now collect Earth data by means of several civilian remote sensing systems. These data assist fed- eral and state agencies in carrying out their legislatively mandated pro- grams and offer numerous additional benefits to commerce, science, and the public welfare. Existing U.S. and foreign satellite remote sensing programs often have overlapping requirements and redundant instru- ments and spacecraft. This report, the final one of the Office of Technolo- gy Assessment analysis of Earth Observations Systems, analyzes the case for developing a long-term, comprehensive strategic plan for civil- ian satellite remote sensing, and explores the elements of such a plan, if it were adopted. The report also enumerates many of the congressional de- cisions needed to ensure that future data needs will be satisfied.