Botany for Arborists
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Tree Planting Guide
City of Bellingham Tree Planting Guide This guide provides you with resources for planting trees in the city. Using the right tree in the right place, and maintaining it correctly will provide healthy, beautiful trees whose benefits can be enjoyed by the community for many years. Why plant trees? ....................... page 1 Get a Street Tree Permit First.... page 2 Check the Site & Choose the Right Tree……........ page 3 Plant it Right………………...……page 4 Four trees are removed for every one planted in most American cities. Help it Grow ……...……………… pg 5 & 6 A single large average tree absorbs 26 pounds of CO2 per year. Resources………………………… pg 6 Each vehicle spews out approximately 100 pounds of CO2 per year. Why Plant Trees? Trees in an urban area increase quality of life by: Air quality and cleansing - A typical person uses 386 lb. of oxygen per year. A healthy 32 ft. tall ash tree can produce about 260 lb. of oxygen annually. Two of these trees would supply the oxygen needs of a person each year! Improved water quality - The canopy of a street tree intercepts rain, reducing the amount of water that will fall on pavement and then be removed by a storm water system. Heating & Cooling Costs - A mature tree canopy reduces air temperatures by about 5 to 10° F, influencing the internal temperatures of nearby buildings. Trees divert wind in the winter and increase winter-time temperatures. Increased home sales prices - When homes with equivalent features are evaluated, a 6% increase to the value is associated with nearby trees. Soil Stabilization - Tree roots stabilize soil, helping to minimize erosion. -
Biology Assessment Plan Spring 2019
Biological Sciences Department 1 Biology Assessment Plan Spring 2019 Task: Revise the Biology Program Assessment plans with the goal of developing a sustainable continuous improvement plan. In order to revise the program assessment plan, we have been asked by the university assessment committee to revise our Students Learning Outcomes (SLOs) and Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs). Proposed revisions Approach: A large community of biology educators have converged on a set of core biological concepts with five core concepts that all biology majors should master by graduation, namely 1) evolution; 2) structure and function; 3) information flow, exchange, and storage; 4) pathways and transformations of energy and matter; and (5) systems (Vision and Change, AAAS, 2011). Aligning our student learning and program goals with Vision and Change (V&C) provides many advantages. For example, the V&C community has recently published a programmatic assessment to measure student understanding of vision and change core concepts across general biology programs (Couch et al. 2019). They have also carefully outlined student learning conceptual elements (see Appendix A). Using the proposed assessment will allow us to compare our student learning profiles to those of similar institutions across the country. Revised Student Learning Objectives SLO 1. Students will demonstrate an understanding of core concepts spanning scales from molecules to ecosystems, by analyzing biological scenarios and data from scientific studies. Students will correctly identify and explain the core biological concepts involved relative to: biological evolution, structure and function, information flow, exchange, and storage, the pathways and transformations of energy and matter, and biological systems. More detailed statements of the conceptual elements students need to master are presented in appendix A. -
Plant Life MagillS Encyclopedia of Science
MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D. -
Transfer of the Type Species of the Genus Themobacteroides to the Genus Themoanaerobacter As Themoanaerobacter Acetoethylicus (Ben-Bassat and Zeikus 1981) Comb
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY, Oct. 1993, p. 857-859 Vol. 43, No. 4 0020-7713/93/040857-03$02.00/0 Copyright 0 1993, International Union of Microbiological Societies Transfer of the Type Species of the Genus Themobacteroides to the Genus Themoanaerobacter as Themoanaerobacter acetoethylicus (Ben-Bassat and Zeikus 1981) comb. nov., Description of Coprothemobacter gen. nov., and Reclassification of Themobacteroides proteolyticus as Coprothennobacter proteolyticus (Ollivier et al. 1985) comb. nov. FRED A. RAINEY AND ERKO STACKEBRANDT* DSM-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroolganisrnen und Zellkulturen, Mascheroder Weg lb, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany Phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence demonstrates the taxonomic heterogeneity of the genus Thennobac- teroides and indicates a close relationship between Thennobacteroides acetoethylicus and members of the genus Thennoanaerobacter. Since T. acetoethylicus is the type species of Thennobacteroides, its removal invalidates the genus. As a consequence, the remaining species Thennobacteroides proteolyticus is proposed as the type species of the new genus Coprothennobacter gen. nov., as Coprothennobacter proteolyticus comb. nov. Recent phylogenetic studies (8, 9) of anaerobic thermo- hybridization studies with all members of Thermoanaero- philic species demonstrated that the majority of strains fall bacter (6, 10) despite the fact that, like Thermoanaerobacter within the phylogenetic confines of the Clostridium-Bacillus species, Thermobacteroides acetoethylicus is an anaerobic, subphylum of gram-positive bacteria. In contrast to the thermophilic, glycolytic bacterium capable of growth above phylog enet ically coherent genera Thermoana erobac ter (6) 70°C that has been isolated from geothermal environments. and Thermoanaerobacterium (6), members of Thermobac- The reclassifications of the recent study of Lee et al. (6) teroides (1,7) belonged to phylogenetically very diverse taxa increased the numbers of species of Thermoanaerobacter to (8). -
Introduction to Botany
Introduction to Botany Jan Zientek Senior Program Coordinator Cooperative Extension of Essex County [email protected] Basic Botany • The study of the growth, structure and function of plants Plant Functions BOTANY • Evolution • Taxonomy • Plant morphology • Plant physiology and cell biology • Plant reproduction • Plant hormones and growth regulators PLANTAE • Eukaryotic (with a • Chloroplasts nucleus) (green) • Cell walls with • Non-motile cellulose • Several phlyum • Food stored as • Development of carbohydrate pollen • Multi-cellular autotrophs DOMAIN KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY Genus species Plant phylums Mosses Cycads Liverworts Ginkgoes Hornworts Gnetophytes Club mosses Conifers Horsetails Ferns Common Name vs Scientific Name Foxglove Digitalis purpurea • Maybe local name • Universally recognized • General • Specific Common Name vs Scientific Name Fire bush Scarlet bush Texas firecracker Corail (or is it Koray?) Hamelia patens Polly red head Hummingbird bush Ix-canan Plant Types • Monocots: have a single cotyledon, flower parts in multiples of three, parallel venation of leaves, scattered vascular bundles in stems. Dicots: have two cotyledons, flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5, netted veins, and stems which are organized in a ring pattern. Humans sort things many different ways • Plants can be classified by the type of their seed structure – Gymnosperm: “naked seed” – Angiosperm: seed within a fruiting body • Lifecycles help gardeners distinguish between plants: • Annuals • Biennials • Perennials Annuals complete life cycles in one season Biennials live for 2 years, flower, then die Perennials live for 3 or more years, flower each year and usually do not die after flowering. Structures of Plants Roots Stems Leaves Flowers Seeds Examples of Stem Structure Herbaceous monocot and dicot stem Root cross-section • Apical meristem: point of vigorous cell division and growth. -
Current U.S. Forest Data and Maps
CURRENT U.S. FOREST DATA AND MAPS Forest age FIA MapMaker CURRENT U.S. Forest ownership TPO Data FOREST DATA Timber harvest AND MAPS Urban influence Forest covertypes Top 10 species Return to FIA Home Return to FIA Home NEXT Productive unreserved forest area CURRENT U.S. FOREST DATA (timberland) in the U.S. by region and AND MAPS stand age class, 2002 Return 120 Forests in the 100 South, where timber production West is highest, have 80 s the lowest average age. 60 Northern forests, predominantly Million acreMillion South hardwoods, are 40 of slightly older in average age and 20 Western forests have the largest North concentration of 0 older stands. 1-19 20-39 40-59 60-79 80-99 100- 120- 140- 160- 200- 240- 280- 320- 400+ 119 139 159 199 240 279 319 399 Stand-age Class (years) Return to FIA Home Source: National Report on Forest Resources NEXT CURRENT U.S. FOREST DATA Forest ownership AND MAPS Return Eastern forests are predominantly private and western forests are predominantly public. Industrial forests are concentrated in Maine, the Lake States, the lower South and Pacific Northwest regions. Source: National Report on Forest Resources Return to FIA Home NEXT CURRENT U.S. Timber harvest by county FOREST DATA AND MAPS Return Timber harvests are concentrated in Maine, the Lake States, the lower South and Pacific Northwest regions. The South is the largest timber producing region in the country accounting for nearly 62% of all U.S. timber harvest. Source: National Report on Forest Resources Return to FIA Home NEXT CURRENT U.S. -
Nomenclatural Studies Toward a World List of Diptera Genus-Group Names
Nomenclatural studies toward a world list of Diptera genus-group names. Part V Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart Evenhuis, Neal L.; Pape, Thomas; Pont, Adrian C. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4172.1.1 Publication date: 2016 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Evenhuis, N. L., Pape, T., & Pont, A. C. (2016). Nomenclatural studies toward a world list of Diptera genus- group names. Part V: Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart. Magnolia Press. Zootaxa Vol. 4172 No. 1 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4172.1.1 Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 Zootaxa 4172 (1): 001–211 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4172.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:22128906-32FA-4A80-85D6-10F114E81A7B ZOOTAXA 4172 Nomenclatural Studies Toward a World List of Diptera Genus-Group Names. Part V: Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart NEAL L. EVENHUIS1, THOMAS PAPE2 & ADRIAN C. PONT3 1 J. Linsley Gressitt Center for Entomological Research, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817-2704, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] 3Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by D. Whitmore: 15 Aug. 2016; published: 30 Sept. 2016 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 NEAL L. -
2004 Vegetation Classification and Mapping of Peoria Wildlife Area
Vegetation classification and mapping of Peoria Wildlife Area, South of New Melones Lake, Tuolumne County, California By Julie M. Evens, Sau San, and Jeanne Taylor Of California Native Plant Society 2707 K Street, Suite 1 Sacramento, CA 95816 In Collaboration with John Menke Of Aerial Information Systems 112 First Street Redlands, CA 92373 November 2004 Table of Contents Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 1 Vegetation Classification Methods................................................................................................................ 1 Study Area ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Figure 1. Survey area including Peoria Wildlife Area and Table Mountain .................................................. 2 Sampling ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Figure 2. Locations of the field surveys. ....................................................................................................... 4 Existing Literature Review ......................................................................................................................... 5 Cluster Analyses for Vegetation Classification ......................................................................................... -
Re-Description of the Sauropod Dinosaur Amanzia (“Ornithopsis
Schwarz et al. Swiss J Geosci (2020) 113:2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s00015-020-00355-5 Swiss Journal of Geosciences ORIGINAL PAPER Open Access Re-description of the sauropod dinosaur Amanzia (“Ornithopsis/Cetiosauriscus”) greppini n. gen. and other vertebrate remains from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) Reuchenette Formation of Moutier, Switzerland Daniela Schwarz1* , Philip D. Mannion2 , Oliver Wings3 and Christian A. Meyer4 Abstract Dinosaur remains were discovered in the 1860’s in the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) Reuchenette Formation of Moutier, northwestern Switzerland. In the 1920’s, these were identifed as a new species of sauropod, Ornithopsis greppini, before being reclassifed as a species of Cetiosauriscus (C. greppini), otherwise known from the type species (C. stewarti) from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of the UK. The syntype of “C. greppini” consists of skeletal elements from all body regions, and at least four individuals of diferent sizes can be distinguished. Here we fully re-describe this material, and re-evaluate its taxonomy and systematic placement. The Moutier locality also yielded a theropod tooth, and fragmen- tary cranial and vertebral remains of a crocodylomorph, also re-described here. “C.” greppini is a small-sized (not more than 10 m long) non-neosauropod eusauropod. Cetiosauriscus stewarti and “C.” greppini difer from each other in: (1) size; (2) the neural spine morphology and diapophyseal laminae of the anterior caudal vertebrae; (3) the length-to-height proportion in the middle caudal vertebrae; (4) the presence or absence of ridges and crests on the middle caudal cen- tra; and (5) the shape and proportions of the coracoid, humerus, and femur. -
Wood from Midwestern Trees Purdue EXTENSION
PURDUE EXTENSION FNR-270 Daniel L. Cassens Professor, Wood Products Eva Haviarova Assistant Professor, Wood Science Sally Weeks Dendrology Laboratory Manager Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University Indiana and the Midwestern land, but the remaining areas soon states are home to a diverse array reforested themselves with young of tree species. In total there are stands of trees, many of which have approximately 100 native tree been harvested and replaced by yet species and 150 shrub species. another generation of trees. This Indiana is a long state, and because continuous process testifies to the of that, species composition changes renewability of the wood resource significantly from north to south. and the ecosystem associated with it. A number of species such as bald Today, the wood manufacturing cypress (Taxodium distichum), cherry sector ranks first among all bark, and overcup oak (Quercus agricultural commodities in terms pagoda and Q. lyrata) respectively are of economic impact. Indiana forests native only to the Ohio Valley region provide jobs to nearly 50,000 and areas further south; whereas, individuals and add about $2.75 northern Indiana has several species billion dollars to the state’s economy. such as tamarack (Larix laricina), There are not as many lumber quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), categories as there are species of and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) that trees. Once trees from the same are more commonly associated with genus, or taxon, such as ash, white the upper Great Lake states. oak, or red oak are processed into In urban environments, native lumber, there is no way to separate species provide shade and diversity the woods of individual species. -
Terr–3 Special-Status Plant Populations
TERR–3 SPECIAL-STATUS PLANT POPULATIONS 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY During 2001 and 2002, the review of existing information, agency consultation, vegetation community mapping, and focused special-status plant surveys were completed. Based on California Native Plant Society’s (CNPS) Electronic Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California (CNPS 2001a), CDFG’s Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB; CDFG 2003), USDA-FS Regional Forester’s List of Sensitive Plant and Animal Species for Region 5 (USDA-FS 1998), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species List (USFWS 2003), and Sierra National Forest (SNF) Sensitive Plant List (Clines 2002), there were 100 special-status plant species initially identified as potentially occurring within the Study Area. Known occurrences of these species were mapped. Vegetation communities were evaluated to locate areas that could potentially support special-status plant species. Each community was determined to have the potential to support at least one special-status plant species. During the spring and summer of 2002, special-status plant surveys were conducted. For each special-status plant species or population identified, a CNDDB form was completed, and photographs were taken. The locations were mapped and incorporated into a confidential GIS database. Vascular plant species observed during surveys were recorded. No state or federally listed special-status plant species were identified during special- status plant surveys. Seven special-status plant species, totaling 60 populations, were identified during surveys. There were 22 populations of Mono Hot Springs evening-primrose (Camissonia sierrae ssp. alticola) identified. Two populations are located near Mammoth Pool, one at Bear Forebay, and the rest are in the Florence Lake area. -
Ventura County Planning Division 2018 Locally Important Plant List
Ventura County Planning Division 2018 Locally Important Plant List Number of Scientific Name Common Name Habit Family Federal/State Status Occurrences in Source Ventura County Abronia turbinata Torr. ex S. Consortium of California Turbinate Sand-verbena A/PH Nyctaginaceae 2 Watson Herbaria Acanthoscyphus parishii var. abramsii (E.A. McGregor) Consortium of California Abrams' Oxytheca AH Polygonaceae CRPR 1B.2 4-5 Reveal [synonym: Oxytheca Herbaria parishii var. abramsii] Acanthoscyphus parishii Consortium of California Parish Oxytheca AH Polygonaceae CRPR 4.2 1 (Parry) Small var. parishii Herbaria Acmispon glaber var. Consortium of California brevialatus (Ottley) Brouillet Short Deerweed PH Fabaceae 1 Herbaria Acmispon heermannii Heermann Lotus or Consortium of California (Durand & Hilg.) Brouillet var. PH Fabaceae 4 Hosackia Herbaria heermannii Acmispon heermannii var. Roundleaf Heermann Consortium of California PH Fabaceae 1 orbicularis (A. Gray) Brouillet Lotus or Hosackia Herbaria Acmispon junceus (Bentham) Consortium of California Rush Hosackia AH Fabaceae 2 Brouillet var. junceus Herbaria 1 Locally Important Plant List- Dec. 2018 Number of Scientific Name Common Name Habit Family Federal/State Status Occurrences in Source Ventura County Acmispon micranthus (Torrey Consortium of California Grab Hosackia or Lotus AH Fabaceae 3 & A. Gray) Brouillet Herbaria Acmispon parviflorus Consortium of California Tiny Lotus AH Fabaceae 2 (Bentham) D.D. Sokoloff Herbaria Consortium of California Agrostis hallii Vasey Hall's Bentgrass PG Poaceae 1 Herbaria Common or Broadleaf Consortium of California Alisma plantago-aquaticum L. PH Alismataceae 4 Water-plantain Herbaria Consortium of California Allium amplectens Torrey Narrowleaf Onion PG Alliaceae 1 Herbaria Allium denticulatum (Traub) Consortium of California Dentate Fringed Onion PG Alliaceae 1 D.