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Draft Report FFEM PROJECT OPTIMISING THE PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES BY MEDITERRANEAN WOODLAND ECOSYSTEMS IN A CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHANGE Component 3 - Improve governance models for woodland ecosystems at an area level to promote local-level strategies for reducing anthropogenic pressures on these ecosystems while ensuring that the goods and services on which users depend can be maintained in the long term DRAFT REPORT PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE FOR THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL MANAGEMENT OF MEDITERRANEAN WOODLAND AREAS Lessons learned from international participatory area management initiatives Produced by the CTFC and COFOR International on behalf of PLAN BLEU 2013 Acknowledgements We would like to begin by thanking all the experts who have contributed directly or indirectly to this report and the method sheets, and have enriched their content. We would also likely to sincerely thank the experts from the FGEF project partner countries - Algeria, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey - who were kind enough to respond to questionnaires and share detailed information on the pilot sites and particularly the governance issues they are facing. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to the international experts who participated in the workshop in Antalya (Turkey) from 25 to 27 June 2013 and who helped improve the quality and relevance of this document. i Report authors CTFC Experts: Iria SOTO. Member of the CTFC International Cooperation Team. Water and Forestry Engineer. Holds a Masters in Biological Sciences, Masters in International Cooperation and currently preparing a Doctorate in Environmental Socio-Economics. Spain. Contact: [email protected] Fabrice GOURIVEAU. Research Engineer and Member of the CTFC Projects Team. Holds a Doctorate in Ecology and Natural-Resource Management, Masters in Agricultural Sciences, Food Safety and Natural-Resource Management in tropical and subtropical regions and an Agricultural Techniques Engineering qualification with a specialism in Socio-Economics, Area Development and Agro-Ecology. Spain. Contact: [email protected] Eduard PLANA. Head of the CTFC Department for Forestry Policy and Environmental Governance. Holds qualifications in Advanced Forestry Engineering and Agricultural Techniques Engineering and currently preparing a Doctorate in Environmental Sciences. Spain. Contact: [email protected] Miriam AZNAR. Member of the CTFC Department for Forestry Policy and Environmental Governance. Forestry Engineer. Spain. Contact: [email protected] COFOR International Experts: Cécile SANSPEUR. Officer: “local approaches and biodiversity” for the Languedoc-Roussillon Union régionale des communes forestières (URCOFOR - Regional Union of Forest Municipalities). Forestry Engineer. France. Contact: [email protected] Philippe LONJON. Manager of the Languedoc-Roussillon URCOFOR and the Hérault Association départementale des communes forestières (Departmental Association of Forest Municipalities), which are members of COFOR- International. Agricultural Engineer and holds a Masters in Rural and Environmental Management. France. Contact: [email protected] Jacques PLAN. Executive Manager of COFOR-International. Agricultural and Environmental Divisional Engineer. France. Contact: [email protected] PLAN BLEU Supervisors: Marion BRIENS. Forest Ecosystems, Biodiversity for Plan Bleu. France. Contact: [email protected] Dominique LEGROS. Head of Thematic Unit for Plan Bleu. France. Contact: [email protected] ii Experts consulted External experts: Xavier CARBONELL. Managing Director of ARC Mediación Ambiental. Spain. Contact: [email protected] Pierre DERIOZ. Teacher-Researcher at the University of Avignon and the Vaucluse. France. Contact: [email protected] Sébastien IROLA. Coordinator for the Haute Vallée de l'Aude CFT (Forest Charter). France. Contact: [email protected] Sonia MARTEL. Urbión Model Forest Association. Spain. Contact: [email protected] Gilles MARTINEZ.Officer: “Area forestry policy” for Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur Regional Forest Estate Centre (CRPF). France. Contact: [email protected] Jean de MONTGOLFIER. Rural, Water and Forests Engineer. Plan Bleu board member. France. Contact: [email protected] Pilar VALBUENA. Mediterranean Model Forest Network. Spain. Contact: [email protected] Experts from the FGEF project pilot sites Joelle BARAKAT. Biodiversity Officer for the Association for the Protection of Jabal Moussa (APJM). Lebanon. Contact: [email protected] Ramdane DAHEL. Manager of Chréa National Park. Algeria. Contact: [email protected] El Houssine JDIRA. Research, Development and Planning Engineer for the High Commission for Water, Forests and Combating Desertification. Morocco. Contact: [email protected] Fouad MALKI. Head of Research, Development and Planning for the High Commission for Water, Forests and Combating Desertification. Morocco. Contact: [email protected] Youssef SAADANI. Head of Socio-Economic Development of Forest Populations, General Directorate of Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture. Tunisia. Contact: [email protected] Ersin YILMAZ. Head of Research at the Eastern Mediterranean Forestry Research Institute (EMFRI). Turkey. Contact: [email protected] iii Table of contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................................... i Report authors ............................................................................................................................................................. ii Experts consulted ........................................................................................................................................................ iii Table of contents ........................................................................................................................................................ iv List of figures ................................................................................................................................................................ vi List of tables ................................................................................................................................................................ vii 1. Report objectives and structure .......................................................................................................................... 8 2. Methodology used to develop this report ...................................................................................................... 10 3. Introduction - Why is participatory governance important? ..................................................................... 12 4. Participatory governance - concept and role in area forestry management in the Mediterranean region ......................................................................................................................................... 14 4.1. Governance concept ............................................................................................................................................ 14 4.2. Participatory governance ..................................................................................................................................... 15 4.3. Participatory governance for forest management ......................................................................................... 16 4.4. Participatory governance in the Mediterranean ............................................................................................ 18 5. Processes, tools and governance for participatory development of areas ............................................. 20 5.1. Governance structure for the participatory initiatives ................................................................................ 20 5.1.1. Possible components in the governance structure of an area development or natural- resource management project. ............................................................................................................................... 20 5.1.2. Steering structure .............................................................................................................................................. 21 5.1.3. Working groups ................................................................................................................................................. 22 5.1.4 Consultative technical committee and scientific committee ..................................................................... 22 5.1.5. Leading and coordinating the initiative .......................................................................................................... 23 5.2. Shared area diagnostics ........................................................................................................................................ 23 5.2.1. Step 1: identify stakeholders and their roles, abilities, legitimacy and relationships ........................... 24 5.2.2. Step 2: plan participation .................................................................................................................................. 25 5.2.3. Step 3: identify area resources and issues .................................................................................................... 26 5.2.4. Step 4: identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities,
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