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SAHEL and WEST AFRICA Club February 2015 Secretariat Sahel and West Africa Club Newsletter

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SAHEL and WEST AFRICA Club February 2015 Secretariat Sahel and West Africa Club Newsletter N°41 SAHEL AND WEST AFRICA Club February 2015 Secretariat SAHEL AND WesT AFRICA CLUB Newsletter WORKING TOGETHER FOR REGIONAL INTEGRATION Contents a year full 2015, of dangers? 2015, a year full of dangers? or some time now, the government of Niger has been ringing F alarm bells over the increasing threats on its borders with A network approach to cross-border Libya and Nigeria, not to mention to the west, the resurgence co-operation of tensions in northern Mali. Despite the mobilisation of the international community, the risks have never been Market, food security & structural greater. A fragile country, grappling with changes structural food and nutrition insecurity, Niger is caught in a tectonic of threats that 2014 Sahel and West Africa Week could lead to an explosion of violence. Launch of the Atlas of the Sahara-Sahel Niger is a dreadful and immediate Laurent Bossard textbook case, which demonstrates that SWAC Secretariat Director RPCA: nearly 3 million people there is no alternative to dialogue and at risk of food insecurity co-operation between West African countries and between the latter and the Maghreb. Chad is in a similar situation as is The Global Alliance for Resilience Mali and, to a lesser extent, Mauritania. (AGIR) is on track The other scourge that 2015 inherits from 2014 is that of Ebola. Why has this epidemic, which is now believed to be nearly SWAC Members discuss strategic under control, been so long and so awful? We now know partnerships that the first case appeared in Guinea on 6 December 2013 in Méliandou village, near Guékédou, 60 km from the Liberian SWAC at Expo Milano 2015 border and 100 km from the one with Sierra Leone. For more than three months after the first death, the Ebola virus did not Maps & Facts appear on any radar screen. The virus thus was able to spread for many weeks with impunity, because the area is isolated and Save the dates! has few health centres whose staff are not adequately trained and equipped. This is a first element of an explanation. The second one has to do with the cross-border nature of the area concerned. Although located in Guinea, Guékédou is the market city for a large number of border villages in Liberia and Sierra Leone. While the government in Conakry formally recognised the existence of the epidemic in the country in March, the virus had already – quite awhile before – crossed over the border. But the first cases officially recorded in the border area of Kailahun in Sierra Leone date from 27 May. On several occasions, the Guinean authorities believed they had won the battle. However, each time, new cases tions over the status of northern Mali ut pessimism can lead to fatalism, inexplicably appeared. As a matter fail, resulting in new episodes of B and fatalism is not a policy. There of fact, the virus continued to spread violence; the Islamic State definitively are some encouraging signs and some from the neighbouring countries. establishes its junction with the Sahel hopes to which we may cling. Mid-2014, experts acknowledged that through Libya, where it has recently bringing the virus under control in installed itself... all of this feeding With regard to security, regional Guinea would not be possible as long and feeding on the further growth co-operation certainly remains at an as the number of Ebola cases in neigh- of arms and drugs trafficking. This embryonic stage, but on 20 January, bouring countries was not reduced... nightmare scenario could also include Niger hosted thirteen countries from Here is another example, as concrete the resurgence of socio-political the region in a bid to jointly define as it is painful, of the imperative of unrest of various degrees around the a common strategy against Boko regional co-operation. presidential elections in Togo (April), Haram. Three days earlier, Cameroon Côte d’Ivoire (October), Burkina Faso and Nigeria had authorised Chad to On these two issues – security and (October) and Guinea (November). As dispatch 400 armoured vehicles to Ebola – there is no cause for optimism. for Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, (most especially) reclaim the city of West Africa could face one of the they will be faced with the structural Baga, which Boko Haram had almost gloomiest years in its history. The impacts, without a doubt disastrous, completely razed and emptied of its worst scenario is anxiogenic. In this of the Ebola epidemic on millions of inhabitants. Aided by Operation scenario the dark red stain of Boko households, which will produce a net Barkhane, which the French army is Haram is spread over parts of Niger, decline in resilience in these three conducting in the Sahel, and supported Chad and Cameroon; contested results countries. On the whole, it is difficult by the international community, these of the presidential, legislative and local to be optimistic at the dawn of 2015. efforts may bear fruit in the coming elections in Nigeria (February) lead to The threats born in recent years are months. even greater chaos in the country; still present. The more time passes, the lawless zone of southern Libya the more they grow and blend into a extend to adjacent areas in Algeria, complex web of more or less immediate Niger, Chad and Sudan; the negotia- dangers. © Hyppolyte Sama Some protesters on 30 October 2014, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 2 SWAC NEwsLETTER, N°41, FEBRUARY 2015 © Sahel and West Africa Secretariat (SWAC/OECD) This will require that Nigeria make a And are the negotiations over northern We will also continue to support and success of its elections. Certainly Boko Mali truly blocked? No, according strengthen the Food Crisis Prevention Haram threatens the organisation of to the Algerian minister of foreign Network (RPCA), which has estab- elections in the three north-eastern affairs and chief mediator, who said lished itself as an international body states most affected by the violence. on 29 January that an agreement could of reference. Alongside the Commis- But the two main candidates have be signed in the next six months. sions of ECOWAS and UEMOA, the called on their supporters not to get CILSS Executive Secretariat and involved in post-election violence. Finally, the countries concerned, other stakeholders of the RPCA, President Jonathan has promised the region and the international we will pursue our efforts towards to step down if he is defeated. If so, community seem determined to greater co-ordination and synergies, the country will have successfully draw the appropriate lessons from particularly in the context of the completed a new stage of its democratic the Ebola outbreak, by establishing Global Alliance for Resilience (AGIR). revival since the end of dictatorship in early-warning, monitoring and rapid To reduce the gap between the world 1999: the first cross-party change of response systems. One can only hope of researchers and that of practitioners power through elections. that they will do so within a regional and technicians, we are also launching framework, the only way to be truly this year a new programme dedicated Although it is still tenuous, there effective. to promoting innovative approaches to is hope that political dialogue will food security and resilience. begin in Libya; this dialogue seems he SWAC has no mandate to to be emerging in Geneva under T contribute directly to stabilisation We will do all this underpinned by the auspices of the United Nations. processes or to elections support, even the credo of SWAC, which is regional The International Contact Group on less so to the management of health co-operation, which, though it may Libya, created by the African Union on crises. Our mission in the matter is be an old idea, has yet to be fully 3 December 2014, also seems capable to promote and emphasise the need developed in a number of areas. of creating a regional and international for regional action - through factual coalition in support of the country. analysis and political dialogue; our The year 2015 offers us ample oppor- job is to persuade, argue, and provide tunities to promote this approach. Much less uncertain, the political tools and options for action. This is the case with the Expo Milano transition in Burkina Faso could 2015, during which, at the invitation of strengthen the roots of democracy, not This is what we have done recently by the European Union, we will hold the only in the country but in the region publishing the Atlas of the Sahara- 2015 Sahel and West Africa Week from and the continent. The same goes for Sahel, which received an enthusiastic 26-30 October. This is also the case Côte d’Ivoire, where a transparent and reception from officials responsible for with the heads of state conferences well-organised presidential election stabilisation and development strategy of ECOWAS, UEMOA and CILSS, the could ease the still painful wounds for these areas and beyond. The Secre- celebration of the 40th anniversary from the 2010-11 post-election crisis. tariat will continue to promote debate of the CILSS Agrhymet Regional Like Nigeria, Guinea could experience around this work. Centre in February in Niamey, the its first democratic transfer of power. 40th anniversary of ECOWAS in Neither prediction nor preference, This is also what we will continue May in Abuja, the European Devel- the prospect of peaceful change in to do in 2015-16 by proposing an opment Days in Brussels in June, the these two countries is mentioned here original approach to cross-border 21st Climate Conference (COP21) in simply as the most complete manifes- co-operation, some initial contours of early December in Paris, and of course tation of democratic life.
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