Giacomo FEDELE

NNT° : 2017IAVF0021 THESE DE DOCTORAT préparée à l’Institut des sciences et industries du vivant et de l’environnement (AgroParisTech) pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Institut agronomique vétérinaire et forestier de France Spécialité : Science de l’environnement École doctorale n°581 Agriculture, alimentation, biologie, environnement et santé (ABIES) par Giacomo FEDELE Landscape management strategies in response to climate risks in Indonesia Directeur de thèse : Dr. Bruno LOCATELLI Co-directeur de la thèse : Dr. Houria DJOUDI Thèse présentée et soutenue à Paris, le 18.12.2017 : Composition du jury : M. Harold LEVREL, Professeur, AgroParisTech et CIRED Paris Président M. Philip ROCHE, Directeur de recherche, IRSTEA Aix-en-Provence Rapporteur M. Davide GENELETTI, Professeur, University of Trento, Italie Rapporteur Mme Sandra LAVOREL, Directeur de recherche, CNRS et Université Grenoble-Alpes Grenoble Examinatrice M. Yves LAUMONIER, Chercheur, CIRAD et CIFOR Indonésie Examinateur Mme Cécile BARNAUD, Chercheuse, INRA Toulouse Examinatrice M. Bruno LOCATELLI, Chercheur, CIRAD et CIFOR Pérou Directeur de thèse Mme Houria DJOUDI, Chercheur, CIFOR Indonésie Codirectrice de thèse CIRAD UPR 105 – Forets et Sociétés Campus international de Baillarguet 34398 Montpellier cedex 5 LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE RISKS IN INDONESIA . Giacomo Fedele A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor at AgroParisTech . 1 Content Chapter 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 20 Background ..................................................................................................................... 21 Key concepts ................................................................................................................... 24 1.2.1 Social-ecological systems ....................................................................................... 24 1.2.2 Social-ecological systems and resilience ............................................................... 25 1.2.3 Ecosystem services ................................................................................................. 26 1.2.4 The ecosystem service cascade ............................................................................. 29 1.2.5 Human inputs in ecosystem services..................................................................... 30 1.2.6 Trade-offs between ecosystem services ............................................................... 31 1.2.7 Managing resilience and ecosystem services ....................................................... 32 Study sites: rural tropical forested landscapes in Indonesia........................................ 34 Research questions and approach ................................................................................ 37 Structure of the thesis ................................................................................................... 41 Chapter 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 43 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 45 Methods .......................................................................................................................... 48 2.2.1 Study sites and selection criteria ........................................................................... 48 2.2.2 Research methods .................................................................................................. 50 Results ............................................................................................................................. 52 2.3.1 Exposure to climate variability and their impacts ................................................. 52 2.3.2 Livelihoods and their sensitivity to climate variability .......................................... 55 2.3.3 Adaptive strategies in response to climate variability .......................................... 58 Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 63 2.4.1 Using trees to reduce exposure and sensitivity .................................................... 63 2.4.2 Using trees to strengthen response strategies and adaptive capacities ............. 66 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 68 2.5.1 Acknowledgement .................................................................................................. 70 Chapter 3 ....................................................................................................................................... 71 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 73 Methods .......................................................................................................................... 75 3.2.1 Analytical framework .............................................................................................. 75 3.2.2 Study sites ............................................................................................................... 76 3.2.3 Methodological approach ...................................................................................... 77 3.2.4 Focus group discussion: major land use changes ................................................. 79 3.2.5 Interviews and secondary literature: clean water and products from the land . 79 2 3.2.6 Forest inventories: aboveground carbon stocks and diversity of tree species ... 80 Results ............................................................................................................................. 81 3.3.1 Drivers of change and response strategies ........................................................... 81 3.3.2 Major land use changes ......................................................................................... 81 3.3.3 Biodiversity .............................................................................................................. 84 3.3.4 Products from the land .......................................................................................... 85 3.3.5 Clean water ............................................................................................................. 86 3.3.6 Carbon ..................................................................................................................... 87 3.3.7 Trade-offs ................................................................................................................ 87 Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 89 3.4.1 Drivers and impacts of land use change ................................................................ 89 3.4.2 Mechanisms reinforcing decisions to change land use ........................................ 90 3.4.3 Factors facilitating decisions to change land uses ................................................ 91 3.4.4 Implications of local land-use decisions at larger scales ...................................... 92 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 93 3.5.1 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ 94 Chapter 4 ..................................................................................................................................... 104 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 106 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................ 108 4.2.1 Analytical Framework ........................................................................................... 108 4.2.2 Study Site .............................................................................................................. 109 4.2.3 Data Collection ...................................................................................................... 112 4.2.4 Potential Supply of Ecosystem Services .............................................................. 114 4.2.5 Demand for Ecosystem Services .......................................................................... 115 4.2.6 Management Decisions ........................................................................................ 115 Results ........................................................................................................................... 117 4.3.1 Supply of Ecosystem Services Contributing to Adaptation ................................ 117 4.3.2 Demand for Ecosystem Services Contributing to Adaptation ............................ 118 4.3.3 Management Decisions for Adaptation Purposes .............................................. 119 Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 123 4.4.1 Potential Supply, Demand, and Management Strategies for Ecosystem Services 123 4.4.2 Ecosystem Services that Help People to Adapt to Drought ............................... 124 4.4.3 Importance of Identifying Potential Supply, Demand,

Load more