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Phylogenetic Placement of the Enigmatic Orchid Genera Thaia and Tangtsinia: Evidence from Molecular and Morphological Characters
TAXON 61 (1) • February 2012: 45–54 Xiang & al. • Phylogenetic placement of Thaia and Tangtsinia Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic orchid genera Thaia and Tangtsinia: Evidence from molecular and morphological characters Xiao-Guo Xiang,1 De-Zhu Li,2 Wei-Tao Jin,1 Hai-Lang Zhou,1 Jian-Wu Li3 & Xiao-Hua Jin1 1 Herbarium & State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China 2 Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, P.R. China 3 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Township, Mengla County, Yunnan province 666303, P.R. China Author for correspondence: Xiao-Hua Jin, [email protected] Abstract The phylogenetic position of two enigmatic Asian orchid genera, Thaia and Tangtsinia, were inferred from molecular data and morphological evidence. An analysis of combined plastid data (rbcL + matK + psaB) using Bayesian and parsimony methods revealed that Thaia is a sister group to the higher epidendroids, and tribe Neottieae is polyphyletic unless Thaia is removed. Morphological evidence, such as plicate leaves and corms, the structure of the gynostemium and the micromorphol- ogy of pollinia, also indicates that Thaia should be excluded from Neottieae. Thaieae, a new tribe, is therefore tentatively established. Using Bayesian and parsimony methods, analyses of combined plastid and nuclear datasets (rbcL, matK, psaB, trnL-F, ITS, Xdh) confirmed that the monotypic genus Tangtsinia was nested within and is synonymous with the genus Cepha- lanthera, in which an apical stigma has evolved independently at least twice. -
Phylogeny, Character Evolution and the Systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae)
THE PRIMITIVE EPIDENDROIDEAE (ORCHIDACEAE): PHYLOGENY, CHARACTER EVOLUTION AND THE SYSTEMATICS OF PSILOCHILUS (TRIPHOREAE) A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Erik Paul Rothacker, M.Sc. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Doctoral Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John V. Freudenstein, Adviser Dr. John Wenzel ________________________________ Dr. Andrea Wolfe Adviser Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Graduate Program COPYRIGHT ERIK PAUL ROTHACKER 2007 ABSTRACT Considering the significance of the basal Epidendroideae in understanding patterns of morphological evolution within the subfamily, it is surprising that no fully resolved hypothesis of historical relationships has been presented for these orchids. This is the first study to improve both taxon and character sampling. The phylogenetic study of the basal Epidendroideae consisted of two components, molecular and morphological. A molecular phylogeny using three loci representing each of the plant genomes including gap characters is presented for the basal Epidendroideae. Here we find Neottieae sister to Palmorchis at the base of the Epidendroideae, followed by Triphoreae. Tropidieae and Sobralieae form a clade, however the relationship between these, Nervilieae and the advanced Epidendroids has not been resolved. A morphological matrix of 40 taxa and 30 characters was constructed and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results support many of the traditional views of tribal composition, but do not fully resolve relationships among many of the tribes. A robust hypothesis of relationships is presented based on the results of a total evidence analysis using three molecular loci, gap characters and morphology. Palmorchis is placed at the base of the tree, sister to Neottieae, followed successively by Triphoreae sister to Epipogium, then Sobralieae. -
ACT, Australian Capital Territory
Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations. -
Phylogenetic Analysis of Neottia Japonica (Orchidaceae) Based on ITS and Matk Regions Ji-Hyeon SO and Nam-Sook LEE1*
Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 50(4): 385−394 (2020) pISSN 1225-8318 eISSN 2466-1546 https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2020.50.4.385 Korean Journal of RESEARCH ARTICLE Plant Taxonomy Phylogenetic analysis of Neottia japonica (Orchidaceae) based on ITS and matK regions Ji-Hyeon SO and Nam-Sook LEE1* Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea 1Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea (Received 7 September 2020; Revised 25 November 2020; Accepted 22 December 2020) ABSTRACT: To elucidate the molecular phylogeny of Neottia japonica, which is a terrestrial orchid distributed in East Asia, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear DNA and the matK of chloroplast DNA were used. A total 22 species of 69 accessions for ITS and 21 species of 114 accessions for matK phylogeny were analyzed with the max- imum parsimony and Bayesian methods. In addition, we sought to establish a correlation between the distribution, morphology of the auricles and genetic association of N. japonica with phylogenetic data. The phylogenetic results suggest that N. japonica is monophyletic and a sister to N. suzukii in terms of the ITS phylogeny, while it is para- phyletic with N. suzukii in terms of the matK phylogeny. N. japonica and N. suzukii show similar morphologies of the lip and column, they both flower in April, and they are both distributed sympatrically in Taiwan. Therefore, it appears to be clear that N. japonica and N. suzukii are close taxa within Neottia, although there is incongruence between the nrDNA and cpDNA phylogenies of N. -
Australian Orchidaceae: Genera and Species (12/1/2004)
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID NAME INDEX (21/1/2008) by Mark A. Clements Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research/Australian National Herbarium GPO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Corresponding author: [email protected] INTRODUCTION The Australian Orchid Name Index (AONI) provides the currently accepted scientific names, together with their synonyms, of all Australian orchids including those in external territories. The appropriate scientific name for each orchid taxon is based on data published in the scientific or historical literature, and/or from study of the relevant type specimens or illustrations and study of taxa as herbarium specimens, in the field or in the living state. Structure of the index: Genera and species are listed alphabetically. Accepted names for taxa are in bold, followed by the author(s), place and date of publication, details of the type(s), including where it is held and assessment of its status. The institution(s) where type specimen(s) are housed are recorded using the international codes for Herbaria (Appendix 1) as listed in Holmgren et al’s Index Herbariorum (1981) continuously updated, see [http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp]. Citation of authors follows Brummit & Powell (1992) Authors of Plant Names; for book abbreviations, the standard is Taxonomic Literature, 2nd edn. (Stafleu & Cowan 1976-88; supplements, 1992-2000); and periodicals are abbreviated according to B-P- H/S (Bridson, 1992) [http://www.ipni.org/index.html]. Synonyms are provided with relevant information on place of publication and details of the type(s). They are indented and listed in chronological order under the accepted taxon name. Synonyms are also cross-referenced under genus. -
The Genus Microtis R. Br. (Orchidaceae): a Taxonomic Revision with Notes on Biology
J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 7(1): 45-89 (1984) THE GENUS MICROTIS R. BR. (ORCHIDACEAE): A TAXONOMIC REVISION WITH NOTES ON BIOLOGY R. Bates 38 Portmamock Street, Fairview Park, South Australia 5126 Abstract A taxonomic revision of Micro lis is presented in which nine species are recognised; M. globula is described as new. M. brownii, M. magnadenia and M. truncata are placed in synonymy with M. rara. M. media is treatéd as a synonym of M. unifolia. The biology, taxonomic affinities and distribution are considered for each species, a key is provided and a detailed description of each species is supplemented with illustrations. Introduction Since Robert Brown (1810) described Microtis there have been numerous taxa added but no complete revision has appeared, nor has any flora dealt with all species. Bentham (1873, p. 269) when discussing the difficulty of determining many Australian orchids, including Microtis, from dried material wrote, "It is to be hoped that the revision of these ... vvill be taken on byresident botanists who have the opportunity of studying them in the fresh state". With this in mind the present author has observed, photographed and collected all species of Microtis in the process of completing this revision. Plants were obtained from as many locations as possible and cultivated in Adelaide and populations of all Australian species studied in the field. Endophytic soil fungi on Microtis were isolated and identified by Dr J. Warcup (Waite Agricultural Research Institute). Chromosome counts were attempted but results were inconclusive. Loans were obtained from numerous herbaria (see acknowledgements). Types of all taxa were examined unless otherwise indicated in the text. -
Lineage-Specific Reductions of Plastid Genomes in an Orchid Tribe with Partially and Fully Mycoheterotrophic Species
GBE Lineage-Specific Reductions of Plastid Genomes in an Orchid Tribe with Partially and Fully Mycoheterotrophic Species Yan-Lei Feng1,9,y, Susann Wicke2,y,Jian-WuLi3,YuHan4, Choun-Sea Lin5, De-Zhu Li6, Ting-Ting Zhou1,9, Wei-Chang Huang7,Lu-QiHuang8, and Xiao-Hua Jin1,* 1State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 2Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Muenster, Germany 3Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun Township, Mengla County, Yunnan, China 4Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China 5Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 6Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China 7Chenshan Shanghai Botanical Garden, Shanghai, Songjiang, China 8National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China 9University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China yThese authors contributed equally to this work. *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: June 8, 2016 Data deposition: This project has been deposited at NCBI under the accession number KU551262-Ku551272. Abstract The plastid genome (plastome) of heterotrophic plants like mycoheterotrophs and parasites shows massive gene losses in conse- quence to the relaxation of functional constraints on photosynthesis. To understand the patterns of this convergent plastome reduction syndrome in heterotrophic plants, we studied 12 closely related orchids of three different lifeforms from the tribe Neottieae (Orchidaceae). We employ a comparative genomics approach to examine structural and selectional changes in plastomes within Neottieae. Both leafy and leafless heterotrophic species have functionally reduced plastid genome. -
Generating and Filtering Major Phenotypic Novelties: Neogoldschmidtian Saltation Revisited
Chapter 7 Generating and filtering major phenotypic novelties: neoGoldschmidtian saltation revisited Richard N\. Bateman and William A. D/M/che/e ABSTRACT Further developing a controversial neoGoldschmidtian paradigm that we first pub- lished in 1994, we here narrowly define saltational evolution as a genetic modifica- tion that is expressed as a profound phenotypic change across a single generation and results in a potentially independent evolutionary lineage termed a prospecies (the 'hopeful monster' of Richard Goldschmidt). Of several saltational and parasaltational mechanisms previously discussed by us, the most directly relevant to evolutionary-developmental genetics is dichotomous saltation, which is driven by mutation within a single ancestral Uneage. It can result not only in instantaneous speciation but also in the simultaneous origin of a profound phenotypic novelty more likely to be treated as a new supraspecific taxon. Saltational events form unusually long branches on morphological phylogenies, which follow a punctuated equilibrium pattern, but at the time of origin they typically form zero length branches on the contrastingly gradualistic molecular phylogenies. Our chosen case- studies of heterotopy (including homeosis) and heterochrony in fossil seed-ferns and extant orchids indicate that vast numbers of prospecies are continuously generated by mutation of key developmental genes that control morphogenesis. First principles suggest that, although higher plant mutants are more likely to become established than higher animals, the fitness of even plant prospecies is in at least most cases too low to survive competition-mediated selection. The establishment of prospecies is most Hkely under temporary release from selection in environments of low biotic competition for resources, followed by honing to competitive fitness by gradual rein- troduction to neoDarwinian selection. -
Dottorato Di Ricerca
Università degli Studi di Cagliari DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN SCIENZE E TECNOLOGIE DELLA TERRA E DELL'AMBIENTE Ciclo XXXI Patterns of reproductive isolation in Sardinian orchids of the subtribe Orchidinae Settore scientifico disciplinare di afferenza Botanica ambientale e applicata, BIO/03 Presentata da: Dott. Michele Lussu Coordinatore Dottorato Prof. Aldo Muntoni Tutor Dott.ssa Michela Marignani Co-tutor Prof.ssa Annalena Cogoni Dott. Pierluigi Cortis Esame finale anno accademico 2018 – 2019 Tesi discussa nella sessione d’esame Febbraio –Aprile 2019 2 Table of contents Chapter 1 Abstract Riassunto………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Preface ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6 Chapter 2 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 Aim of the study…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14 Chapter 3 What we didn‘t know, we know and why is important working on island's orchids. A synopsis of Sardinian studies……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17 Chapter 4 Ophrys annae and Ophrys chestermanii: an impossible love between two orchid sister species…………. 111 Chapter 5 Does size really matter? A comparative study on floral traits in two different orchid's pollination strategies……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 133 Chapter 6 General conclusions………………………………………………………………………………………... 156 3 Chapter 1 Abstract Orchids are globally well known for their highly specialized mechanisms of pollination as a result of their complex biology. Based on natural selection, mutation and genetic drift, speciation occurs simultaneously in organisms linking them in complexes webs called ecosystems. Clarify what a species is, it is the first step to understand the biology of orchids and start protection actions especially in a fast changing world due to human impact such as habitats fragmentation and climate changes. I use the biological species concept (BSC) to investigate the presence and eventually the strength of mechanisms that limit the gene flow between close related taxa. -
Echinocystis Lobata, Impatiens Parviflora, Complexes of Fish Ponds Which Are an Essential Element Solidago Canadensis, S
Posters Biodiv. Res. Conserv. Supplement 1, 2014 BRC www.brc.amu.edu.pl Expansion of adventive plant species in Velykodobron`skiy Reserve (Transcarpathia, Ukraine) Eva Andrik, Erzsébet Kohut & Andrea Keresztyén II. Rákóczi Ferenc Transcarpathian Hungarian Institute, 90202 Berehovo 6 Kossuth Square Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected], kohute@ kmf.uz.ua, [email protected] Velykodobron`skiy Reserve, of state value as a part In the investigated territory, the most aggressive spe- of Regional Landscape Park “Prytysyansky”, is located cies were: Helianthus tuberosus (projective cover about in the floodplain of the lower reaches of the Lato- 70 %), Fallopia japonica (up to 60%) and Heracleum ritsa River in the Transcarpathian Lowland. In this sosnovskyi (up to 50%), species that were distributed site, the vegetation is formed by floodplain forests in willow-poplar floodplain forests,Conyza canadensis and meadows, providing habitat for a number of rare (up to60%) and Erigeron annuus (up to 60%) in defores- plant species (Fritillaria meleagris, Leucojum vernum, ted areas, and Helianthus tuberosus (up to 50%) along L. aestivum etc.). Such rare environment types as the the banks of canals. No invasive species were found riparian natural willow-poplar and alluvial oak-elm-ash in the oak-hornbeam forests. Almost in all the habitat forests and alluvial meadows of river valley are pro- types, with the exception of only one, the presence tected here. In 2013, sites of Chomonyn forest tract situ- of Acer negundo, Conyza canadensis and Erigeron ated in close proximity to the village of Velykiy Dobron annuus was noted. were studied. The aim of the studies was to establish Acer negundo invasion to the most valuable habitats the participation of invasive and potentially invasive such as flood meadows leads to a significant transfor- alien plant species in communities of different habitat mation of this vegetation; the species is noted in all types in the Reserve. -
The Ability of Spontaneous Autogamy in Four Orchid Species: Cephalanthera Rubra, Neottia Ovata, Gymnadenia Conopsea, and Platanthera Bifolia
ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica 59/2: 51–61, 2017 DOI: 10.1515/abcsb-2017-0006 POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK ODDZIAŁ W KRAKOWIE THE ABILITY OF SPONTANEOUS AUTOGAMY IN FOUR ORCHID SPECIES: CEPHALANTHERA RUBRA, NEOTTIA OVATA, GYMNADENIA CONOPSEA, AND PLATANTHERA BIFOLIA IZABELA TAŁAŁAJ*, BEATA OSTROWIECKA, EWA WŁOSTOWSKA, AGNIESZKA RUTKOWSKA AND EMILIA BRZOSKO Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Białystok, ul. K. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland Received February 28, 2017; revision accepted June 13, 2017 The breeding system in Orchidaceae generates many questions about the selfing potential of its representatives. We investigated the ability of spontaneous autogamy of four orchid species: Cephalanthera rubra and Neottia ovata of the Neottieae tribe and Gymnadenia conopsea and Platanthera bifolia of the Orchideae tribe. These species represent diverse specializations of the gynostemium architecture. The self-compatibility and properties of auto- gamous seeds were determined in a bagging experiment and seed development analysis. After induced autogamy, a high level of fruiting (80-100%) was noted in all of the four study species. C. rubra, N. ovata, and G. conopsea are completely self-compatible, and P. bifolia is suggested to be partially self-compatible. If autogamy occurred, inbreeding depression and resource limitation on seed development appeared only in the two Orchideae species. Independent of flower specialization, both Neottieae species and P. bifolia were completely allogamous, whereas G. -
Field Botany Manual 2010
List of sites to be visited Site no. LOWLAND: 0-600m East South Altit. (m) 1.1 Dry sclerophyll forest - near the park 4775 52739 185 entrance 1.2 Wet sclerophyll forest - near the Tall 4755 52743 250 Trees Walk 2.1 Sedgeland/heathland near the post- 46563 52647 275 /pre-Carboniferous geolog. bound. 2.2 Sclerophyll shrubbery (Kallista Ck) on 46142 526569 380 the Scotts Peak Dam Road 2.3 Tim Shea – inter- & intraspecific 4562 52703 926 variation in eucalypts 2.4 Rainforest - the Creepy Crawly Nature 44968 525744 463 Walk, Scotts Peak Dam Road 2.5 Buttongrass moorland with E. nitida 44945 525159 395 copses - Gelignite Creek Site no. SUB-ALPINE: 600-1000m (E. delegatensis - E. coccifera) 1.3 Sphagnum bog - near the Lyrebird 4732 52742 645 Nature Walk 1.4 Mixed forest - Lyrebird Nature Walk (alt. 4728 52746 680 680m) 1.5 Subalpine woodland near Lake Fenton 4695 52746 1000 1.6 Subalpine sclerophyll woodland at 4685 52741 1050 Wombat Moor 1.7 Subalpine woodland near Lake Dobson 4663 52739 1000 Site no. ALPINE: alt. over 1000m 1.8 Coniferous shrubbery & Sclerophyll 4657 52742 1240 heath- above Ski Huts 1.9 Coniferous shrubbery & alpine 4648 52757 1180 rainforest- Roberts Tarn 1.10 Herbfield & microshrubbery - halfway 4641 52758 1150 along Tarn Shelf 1.11 Coniferous shrubbery & Sclerophyll 4639 52757 1150 heath after fire 1.12 Microshrubbery (cushion plant 4631 52771 1280 community) at Newdegate Pass Site no. Logged lowland mixed-forest 3.1 Clearfelled, burnt, 1999, "natural 4663 52638 400 regeneration" 3.2 Clearfelled, burnt, 1990, "natural 4633 52633 350 regeneration" 3.3 Clearfelled, burnt, 1951, "natural 4666 52634 420 regeneration" 3.4 Selective logging, not burnt, 400years, 4720 52596 350 Published by the School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania Private Bag 55, Hobart 7001 February 2010.