DOCSLIB.ORG

The Third International Congress on Desert Economy - Dakhla

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Third International Congress on Desert Economy - Dakhla. Energy Economics between Deserts and Oceans. th st October 20 – 21 , 2021, Dakhla, Morocco. https://sahara-economy3.sciencesconf.org The National School of Business and Management, ENCG Dakhla. https://web.facebook.com/ENCG.DAKHLA.Desert.Sahara.Economy.Development.Conf E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +212618086893 Table of Contents 1. Purpose and scope of The International Congress on Desert Economy – Dakhla, Morocco. 2. Organizing committee. 3. Argument by Dr. Elouali AAILAL. 4. Scientific committee. 5. Themes. 6. Call for Papers. 7. Author guidelines. 8. Publication. 9. PhD Workshop. 10. Sahara Desert Excursion. 11. About this Congress. Purpose and scope of The International Congress on Desert Economy – Dakhla, Morocco. The International Congress on Desert Economy – Dakhla (ICDED) is annually co-organized by the National School of Business and Management (ENCG) of Dakhla - Morocco and the Regional Council of Dakhla Oued Eddahab region. This third edition will be held in Dakhla - Morocco, on October 20th and 21st, 2021. The ultimate purpose of The International Congress on Desert Economy, is to be an interdisciplinary scientific research platform on the desert, arid lands, and the Sahara (hot drylands, hyperarid or semi-arid regions, oasis and rural remote areas) economy, management, and development (rural development), in order to contribute effectively to the good governance and in the sustainable development of arid lands worldwide, by attracting and promoting investment opportunities in the Sahara and deserts, and by stimulating meetings between all stakeholders on a global scale: Academics, Professionals, Policy-Makers, Civil society and NGOs..., with a view to fostering cooperation and partnership, among desert countries: Africa and the Gulf States (the MENA and the Sahel...), the United States of America, Australia, China, India..., with the aim of valuing and promoting the desert knowledge and its related studies' and conferences' findings and recommendations, and creating a conducive environment to the exchange of experiences, expertise, trainings, educational practices and innovation, around themes related to the desert economy and to the arid lands management, such as Tourism, travel industry and tourism economics; Agriculture, aquaculture, and agricultural economics (rural economics); The Economics of Water; Renewable energy, energy economics, and energy management; Mining and natural resource management; Transportation and logistics; Fisheries, maritime, sea, and ocean economy; Technology and innovation; Water sports and entertainment, sports economy and sports management; Cultural, tangible and intangible heritage; Biodiversity, wetlands, environment, and nature conservation and management...Thus, each year, an edition will be organized. Besides the main theme of this third edition entitled “Energy Economics between Deserts and Oceans,” it will also be devoted to addressing general issues on the desert (Sahara) economy management and its sustainable development. Note that this third edition of the International Congress on Desert Economy - Dakhla. was supposed to be organized on the last April 21st and 22th , 2020, but due to the current situation th st related to Covid-19 (Coronavirus), it's rescheduled to the next year on October 20 and 21 , 2021. The National School of Business and Management, ENCG Dakhla, Dakhla, Morocco. Organizing committee. Dr. Elouali AAILAL: President and Coordinator of the International Congress on Desert Economy. Dakhla President of the " Desert Action " Association, Dakhla. Morocco. Members: • Elouali Aailal. Research Professor at the ENCG of Dakhla. • Aziz Sair. Director of the National School of Business and Management, ENCG Dakhla. • Juan Manuel Benitez. Dean of the Faculty of Economics, Business, and Tourism. University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. • Kaoutar Roussi. Research Professor at the ENCG of Dakhla. • Hassane Amaazoul. Research Professor at the ENCG of Dakhla. • Hajar El Moukhi. Research Professor at the ENCG of Dakhla. • Fadoua Lemsagued, Research Professor at the ENCG of Dakhla. • Lamiae El Kahri, Research Professor at the ENCG of Dakhla. • Lahoucine Assellam. Research Professor at the ENCG of Dakhla. • Mehdi Boutaounte. Research Professor at the ENCG of Dakhla. • Youssef Hanyf. Research Professor at the ENCG of Dakhla. • Asmae El Hidani, Research Professor at the ENCG of Dakhla. • Chahida El Idrissi. Research Professor at the ENCG of Dakhla. Argument. Gradually we recognize the incredible benefits of inter-African collaboration (and the enormous cost of the lack of inter-African cooperation) both for Africa itself and for the world. Thanks to multilateral African and international cooperation, deserts and arid lands across the globe, especially in Africa (The Sahara and the Sahel), with their vast and rich natural maritime seaboards and coastlines, are an open workshop and a scene of substantial and Trans-Saharan megaprojects and infrastructures: The DESERTEC Project (Clean and renewable energy), the Great Green Wall for the Sahara and the Sahel Initiative (Greening the Sahara and combating the desertification), the Trans Africa Pipeline Project (Water), the "Power Africa " Initiative, the "Desert to Power" Initiative...Such promising Megaprojects and Initiatives, if fully executed, will undoubtedly contribute to rebirthing Africa into holding its deserved high stature, and will play a pivotal role in keeping up with sustainable development and in ensuring African food security, even more, they will provide abundance in the production for export. The Possible Africa, where there are all ingredients: Diversity and younger population, richness in natural resources, unique geographical configuration and morphology: Savannah, forests, mountains, lakes, vast coasts, deserts, and the Great Sahara Desert. The Sahara Desert, instead of being underexploited, it could be an exclusive competitive advantage and the mythical and memorable brand image for Africa, and it may be the ideal place to boot a strong and long term inter-African and international cooperation in the service of humankind. The targeted sustainable development in arid lands, just like anywhere else, is governed by an environmental transformation that will fundamentally change our lifestyle, as sustainability is its corn stone. Concepts like the green economy or circular economy, the blue or ocean economy, and ecotourism (desert tourism) are all plainly supposed to be renewable energy dependant. Thus, the environmental impact of any human activity, such as, travel and tourism industry, land and maritime transport, shipping and logistics, agricultural and fishing... is a major criterion that will tag the range of receptivity and continuity of these economic activities, in the light of an increasingly environmentally-friendly legal arsenal, with a focus on green finance and cleantech. As a matter of fact, economic development worldwide is entirely dependent on the interactions between energy and economy systems, where our dependence on clean and renewable energy becomes more and more confirmed. Energy Economics could be defined as a branch of economic studies devoted to quantitatively and qualitatively deciphering our well-being and prosperity in their interaction with energy resources. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, by 2050, the overall total investment in the energy system would need to reach USD 110 trillion (around 2% of average annual GDP over this period), the level of extra investments required to set the world on a more climate-friendly path above current plans and policies, is USD 15 trillion. The share of renewables in the world's total final energy consumption has to increase six times faster to match up to agreed climate goals, precisely, the seventh Sustainable Development Goal, which states for ensuring that everyone will be able to have access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy. For that, international financial flows to developing countries, in support of clean and renewable energy, reached USD 18.6 billion in 2016, almost doubling from USD 9.9 billion in 2010. This trend is likely to increase due to the promising opportunities offered by a steady decline in renewable energy production costs, leading to lower prices. So far, in some countries, oceans and seas still the primary sources of conventional energy (oil, gas), despite their richness in marine renewable energies (offshore energy): traditional marine renewable energies (ocean wind energy and ocean solar energy), wave energy and tidal energy, as specific forms of marine (ocean) power. Also, knowing that ocean-based renewable energy has not yet achieved the economies of scale necessary for significant cost reductions, but, as oceans and seas cover more than 70 % of the Earth’s surface, it's not surprising that a large share of future energy production will probably come from ocean- based renewable energy. To show the potential energy glut, published studies have shown that the ocean wind energy potential is so significant and large enough that it could, theoretically, be used to propel human civilization. Morocco took up the challenge of increasing green renewable energy production from total renewable energy to 52 % by 2030, initially set at 42 % by 2020. This specific achievement becomes a reality thanks to the adoption of an ambitious energy strategy, including generating renewable energies in Moroccan deserts: The
Recommended publications
  • Sand Dune Systems in Iran - Distribution and Activity

    Sand Dune Systems in Iran - Distribution and Activity

    Sand Dune Systems in Iran - Distribution and Activity. Wind Regimes, Spatial and Temporal Variations of the Aeolian Sediment Transport in Sistan Plain (East Iran) Dissertation Thesis Submitted for obtaining the degree of Doctor of Natural Science (Dr. rer. nat.) i to the Fachbereich Geographie Philipps-Universität Marburg by M.Sc. Hamidreza Abbasi Marburg, December 2019 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Christian Opp Physical Geography Faculty of Geography Phillipps-Universität Marburg ii To my wife and my son (Hamoun) iii A picture of the rock painting in the Golpayegan Mountains, my city in Isfahan province of Iran, it is written in the Sassanid Pahlavi line about 2000 years ago: “Preserve three things; water, fire, and soil” Translated by: Prof. Dr. Rasoul Bashash, Photo: Mohammad Naserifard, winter 2004. Declaration by the Author I declared that this thesis is composed of my original work, and contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference has been made in the text. I have clearly stated the contribution by others to jointly-authored works that I have included in my thesis. Hamidreza Abbasi iv List of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1. General Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 7 1.1 Introduction and justification ........................................................................................................
  • My Life with the Taliban

    My Life with the Taliban

    MY LIFE WITH THE TALIBAN Courtesy of www.pdfbooksfree.pk ABDUL SALAM ZAEEF My Life with the Taliban Edited by Alex Strick van Linschoten and Felix Kuehn Courtesy of www.pdfbooksfree.pk Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex Copyright © Abdul Salam Zaeef 2010 Editors’ introduction and translation Copyright © Alex Strick van Linschoten and Felix Kuehn, 2010 Foreword Copyright © Barnett R. Rubin, 2010 All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Za’if, ‘Abd al-Salam, 1967 or 8– My life with the Taliban / Abdul Salam Zaeef. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-231-70148-8 (alk. paper) 1. Za’if, ‘Abd al-Salam, 1967 or 8– 2. Taliban—Biography. 3. Afghan War, 2001—Biography. 4. Prisoners of war—Afghanistan—Biography. 5. Prisoners of war—United States—Biography. 6. Guantánamo Bay Detention Camp—Biography. I. Title. DS371.33.Z34A3 2010 958.104'7—dc22 [B] 2009040865 ∞ Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper. This book is printed on paper with recycled content. Printed in USA c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 References to Internet Web sites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. Neither the author nor Columbia University Press is responsible for URLs that may have expired or changed since the manuscript was prepared. Courtesy of www.pdfbooksfree.pk CONTENTS Kandahar: Portrait of a City ix Editors’ Acknowledgements xxv Editors’ Notes xxvii Character List xxix Foreword by Barnett R. Rubin xxxvii Preface by Abdul Salam Zaeef xli Maps xlviii–xlix 1.
  • Chapter 21C. Geohydrologic Summary of the Khanneshin Carbonatite Area of Interest

    Chapter 21C. Geohydrologic Summary of the Khanneshin Carbonatite Area of Interest

    Chapter 21C. Geohydrologic Summary of the Khanneshin Carbonatite Area of Interest By Michael P. Chornack and Thomas J. Mack 21C.1 Introduction This chapter describes the geohydrology of the Khanneshin carbonatite area of interest (AOI) in Afghanistan identified by Peters and others (2007). The AOI occupies 7,771 km2 (square kilometers) and is located primarily in the Dishu, Garmser, and Reg Districts of Helmand Province (fig. 21C–1a,b). A small area of the northwestern most part of the AOI, about 20 km2, is in the Chahar Burja District of Nimroz Province. The Khanneshin volcano is a topographic high formed by extrusive volcanic rocks in the center of the AOI (fig. 21C–1a). The Khanneshin volcano is approximately 9.5 km (kilometers) south of the Helmand River. The AOI is in the western part of the Registan (land of sand), an area that is characterized by active dunes (Whitney, 2006). Lashkar Gah, the Helmand Province center, is approximately 130 km northeast of the AOI. Water is needed not only to process mineral resources in Afghanistan, but also to supply existing communities and the associated community growth that may accompany a developing mining economy. Information on the climate, vegetation, topography, and demographics of the AOI is summarized to provide information on the seasonal availability of, and seasonal demands for, water. The geohydrology of the AOI is described through the use of maps of streams and irrigated areas, generalized geohydrology and topography, and well locations. The results of lineament analyses are presented to identify areas where the rock may be more fractured than in other areas, which may be an indicator of high relative water yield and storage in bedrock aquifers.
  • Panthera Pardus) Range Countries

    Panthera Pardus) Range Countries

    Profiles for Leopard (Panthera pardus) Range Countries Supplemental Document 1 to Jacobson et al. 2016 Profiles for Leopard Range Countries TABLE OF CONTENTS African Leopard (Panthera pardus pardus)...................................................... 4 North Africa .................................................................................................. 5 West Africa ................................................................................................... 6 Central Africa ............................................................................................. 15 East Africa .................................................................................................. 20 Southern Africa ........................................................................................... 26 Arabian Leopard (P. p. nimr) ......................................................................... 36 Persian Leopard (P. p. saxicolor) ................................................................... 42 Indian Leopard (P. p. fusca) ........................................................................... 53 Sri Lankan Leopard (P. p. kotiya) ................................................................... 58 Indochinese Leopard (P. p. delacouri) .......................................................... 60 North Chinese Leopard (P. p. japonensis) ..................................................... 65 Amur Leopard (P. p. orientalis) ..................................................................... 67 Javan Leopard
  • Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan

    Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan

    NEPA Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan An Output of the National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment for Global Environment Management (NCSA) for Afghanistan June 2008 United Nations Environment Programme Post-Conflict and Disaster Management Branch First published in Kabul in 2008 by the United Nations Environment Programme. Copyright © 2008, United Nations Environment Programme. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. United Nations Environment Programme Darulaman Kabul, Afghanistan Tel: +93 (0)799 382 571 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.unep.org DISCLAIMER The contents of this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of UNEP, or contributory organizations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Unless otherwise credited, all the photos in this publication have been taken by the UNEP staff. Design and Layout: Rachel Dolores
  • Bissau Carnival Senegal Gambia and Guinea Bissau

    Bissau Carnival Senegal Gambia and Guinea Bissau

    SPECIAL EVENT : BISSAU CARNIVAL THE AFRICAN WEST COAST SENEGAL GAMBIA AND GUINEA BISSAU 14 days to experience: CARNIVAL PARADE Scheduled departure dates from Dakar: - Feb 16th, 2022 Minimum 2 – Maximum 16 participants PRESENTATION A unique itinerary crossing three countries “north to south” to experience a continuous change of climatic ecosystems and human environments. NATURE Following the “uncertain border” between land and water we move across an incredible variety of natural environments such desert dunes, savannah, estuaries, forest, mangrove swamps, ending with an exciting ocean navigation to discover and enjoy the Bijagos Archipelago. Birds will be a constant presence along the whole journey. Djoudj National Sanctuary in Senegal is one of the main migratory bird sanctuaries on earth and Gambia is a well-known birding destination. HISTORY, PREHISTORY & TIMELESS VILLAGES We will discover historical sites as: Dakar, contemporary metropolis, large capital and African intellectual center since the time before the independence. Gorée, ancient slave-trade island; Saint Louis, the first colonial capital of “French West Africa”; Bolama, the Portuguese Guinea capital, today forgotten in a remote island; We will experience the encounter with “timeless” people as herders and remote villages. We will discover the largest monoliths site on earth. ART, CULTURE & MUSIC In the northern Savannah we will be invited at the camp of nomadic herders and we will meet the largest religious and peaceful brotherhood that practices an African form of Islam that rejects fundamentalism and violence. In the south, we will be introduced to animistic traditional religions, tribal kings, dancing masks and remote tribes who still worship ancestor statues: a unique chance to enjoy tribal art in is original contest.
  • Eartharxiv Coversheet

    Eartharxiv Coversheet

    1 EarthArXiv Coversheet 2 Authors 1;| 2 2 3 4 1;5;♠ 3 Andrew Gunn , Giampietro Casasanta , Luca Di Liberto , Federico Falcini , Nicholas Lancaster & Douglas J. Jerolmack 4 Affiliations 1 5 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA 2 6 Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAC), Rome, Italy 3 7 Institute of Marine Science - National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISMAR), Rome, Italy 4 8 Earth & Ecosystem Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, USA 5 9 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA 10 Emails | 11 [email protected] ♠ 12 [email protected] 13 Peer-review statement 14 This manuscript is not peer-reviewed. 15 What sets aeolian dune height? 1 2 2 3 16 Andrew Gunn , Giampietro Casasanta , Luca Di Liberto , Federico Falcini , Nicholas 4 1,5,* 17 Lancaster , and Douglas J. Jerolmack 1 18 Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA 2 19 Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate - National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAC), Rome, Italy 3 20 Institute of Marine Science - National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISMAR), Rome, Italy 4 21 Earth & Ecosystem Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, USA 5 22 Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA * 23 e-mail: [email protected] 24 ABSTRACT Wherever a loose bed of sand is subject to sufficiently strong winds, aeolian dunes form at wavelengths and growth rates that are well predicted by linear stability theory1–3. As dunes mature and coarsen, however, their growth trajectories become more idiosyncratic; nonlinear effects1, sediment supply4, wind variability5 and geologic constraints6,7 become increasingly relevant, resulting in complex and history-dependent dune amalgamations.
  • LCSH Section F

    LCSH Section F

    F (Computer program language) F-111 (Fighter planes) F-Sharp (Computer program language) BT Programming languages (Electronic USE F-111 (Jet fighter plane) USE F♯ (Computer program language) computers) F-111 (Jet fighter plane) (Not Subd Geog) F stars (Not Subd Geog) UF F-Sharp (Computer program language) UF Aardvark (Jet fighter plane) BT Cool stars BT Functional programming languages F-111 (Fighter planes) [Former heading] — Absolute magnitude Object-oriented programming languages TFX (Jet fighter plane) USE F stars—Magnitudes F.1 (Jet fighter plane) BT Jet fighter planes — Magnitudes USE Scimitar (Jet fighter plane) F 116 (Refrigerant) UF Absolute magnitude of F stars F.2 (Seaplane) USE Hexafluoroethane F stars—Absolute magnitude USE Felixstowe F.2 (Seaplane) F-117 (Jet attack plane) (Not Subd Geog) Magnitudes of F stars F.2A (Seaplane) UF F-117 (Jet fighter plane) [Former heading] — Motion in line of sight USE Felixstowe F.2 (Seaplane) Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk (Jet attack plane) UF F stars—Radial velocity F.4 (Fighter plane) Night Hawk (Jet attack plane) Motion in line of sight of F stars USE Martinsyde Buzzard (Fighter plane) Nighthawk (Jet attack plane) Motion of F stars in line of sight F-4 (Jet fighter plane) Stealth fighter Radial velocity of F stars USE Phantom II (Jet fighter plane) BT Attack planes — Radial velocity F-5 (Jet fighter plane) (Not Subd Geog) Lockheed aircraft USE F stars—Motion in line of sight UF Freedom Fighter (Jet fighter plane) Stealth aircraft — Spectra BT Jet fighter planes F-117 (Jet fighter plane) F-t-Ms
  • Studies on the Productive Potential and Conservation Strategy of Major Range Grasses in the Degrading Range Lands of Cholistan Desert

    Studies on the Productive Potential and Conservation Strategy of Major Range Grasses in the Degrading Range Lands of Cholistan Desert

    STUDIES ON THE PRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL AND CONSERVATION STRATEGY OF MAJOR RANGE GRASSES IN THE DEGRADING RANGE LANDS OF CHOLISTAN DESERT By MUHAMMAD RAFAY M.sc (Hons.) FORESTRY A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN FORESTRY DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY, RANGE MANAGEMENT AND WILDLIFE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD PAKISTAN 2012 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the contents of the thesis “Studies on the productive potential and conservation strategy on the major range grasses in degrading rangelands of Cholistan desert” are the product of my own research and no part has been copied from any published source (except the references, standard mathematical or genetic models/ equations/ formulae/ protocols etc). I further declare that this work has not been submitted for award of any other degree/ diploma. The University may take action if the information provided is found inaccurate at any stage. In case of any fault, the scholar will be proceeded against as per HEC plagiarism policy. MUHMMAD RAFAY 2001-ag-1152 The Controller of Examination, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. We, the Supervisory Committee, certify that the contents and form of the thesis submitted by Mr. Muhammad Rafay (Reg. No. 2001-ag-1152) have been found satisfactory and recommend that it be processed for evaluation by External Examiner(s) for the award of degree. SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE 1. Chairman ---------------------------------------------- (Prof. Dr. Rashid Ahmad Khan) 2. Member ---------------------------------------------- (Dr. Shahid Yaqoob) 3. Member ----------------------------------------------- (Prof. Dr. Munir Ahmad) DEDICATION To My Affable Father A symbol of success for me, Always behave me like a friend Whose mature, valuable, guidance, Financial assistance, enabled me to perceive and pursue higher ideas in life My Adorable Mother A minerate of love, affection, and kindness Who enlightened me A learning spirit I am learning much From her lap till now.
  • Afghanistan Desertification In, 53–54 Population Growth In, 21 Snowmelt

    Afghanistan Desertification In, 53–54 Population Growth In, 21 Snowmelt

    Index Afghanistan Algeria, efforts to combat desertification in, 53–54 desertification in, 53 population growth in, 21 alternative energy sources, 44, 117, snowmelt, dependence on, 87 121 Africa. See Middle East and North Amazon basin, 99–100 Africa; sub-Saharan Africa; animal protein, demand for. See specific countries food chain, moving up agriculture Antarctic ice sheet, 88 climate change affecting, 83–86, Anti-Desertification Organization, 90–92 Iran, 55 foreign acquisition of land for. aquaculture, 17, 24–25, 28–29, 31, See land acquisition deals 33–34 grain yields from. See grain aquifers and aquifer depletion. productivity See water supply irrigation used to expand, 57–59 Argentina no-till farming, 119–20 exports of grain, restrictions on, soil erosion due to overplowing, 12 47 grass-feeding of beef cattle in, soybean production, effects of, 25, 30 97–100 land acquisition deals in, 104 water supply, competition soybean production in, 95 between cities and farms for, Asia. See also specific countries 69–71 climate change in, 87, 89 Agriculture, U.S. Department of, consumption of fish protein in, 41, 45, 90, 119 28 al-Amoudi, Mohammed, 112 grain productivity in, 74–75 Al Ghurair Foods, 102–03 irrigated land in, 58 126 FULL PLANET, EMPTY PLATES Index 127 Asia (continued) Brazil moving up the food chain in, 9, crop yields. See grain productivity land acquisition deals in, 104 biofuels in, 36, 38 26–27, 28, 30, 33–34, 95 Crutzen, Paul, 42 population stabilization in, changes in animal protein population stabilization in, 18–19, 22 consumption in, 31 18–19, 22 Daewoo Logistics, 108 soil erosion in, 17, 18, 48, 53 grass-feeding of beef cattle in, soil erosion and dust bowls in, dairy products, 32–33 Asner, Gregory, 85–86 25, 30 48–50 dam building and irrigation Australian grain import land acquisition deals in, 104 soybeans and, 32, 92, 93–100, reducing riverine flows, 13, negotiations with Yemenis, 12 population stabilization in, 19 104 62–63, 67–69 automobiles.
  • The World Status of the Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis Undulata PAUL D

    The World Status of the Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis Undulata PAUL D

    Bird Conservation International (1997) 7:373-397- © BirdLife International 1997 The world status of the Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulata PAUL D. GORIUP Summary The Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulata is prominent in avian conservation because of its high value as the traditional quarry of falconers in Arabia and western Asia; such hunting has often been blamed for severely reducing population levels especially in Arabia, Pakistan and Morocco. This paper reviews current knowledge of the world status of the Houbara Bustard in each of the 31 range states where it has occurred within the last 10 years. On the basis of the evidence available, the overall population is estimated to be between 49,000 and 62,000 birds, made up of 700-750 birds in the Canary Islands, around 10,000 in Africa, and the remainder in the Middle East and Asia (especially Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan). Numbers have apparently declined greatly during this century because of agricultural intensification and other land use changes, often exacerbated by hunting and trapping. Evaluation of the population status and trends against the current Red List criteria of IUCN indicate that the Canary Islands subspecies C. u. fuertaventurae is Vulnerable, while the subspecies C. u. undulata and C. u. macqueenii (as well as the whole species population) could probably also qualify for listing as Vulnerable but it is more appropriate to consider them "Near threatened" for the time being. Introduction The Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulata is a medium-sized member of the family Otididae that occurs across the arid belt from the Canary Islands (Spain), North Africa and the Middle East to central and eastern Asia (Figure 1).
  • Effects of Grazing and Trampling on Soil Deterioration Around Recently Drilled Water Holes in the Sahelian Zone

    Effects of Grazing and Trampling on Soil Deterioration Around Recently Drilled Water Holes in the Sahelian Zone

    · )' r 6 Effects of grazing and trampling on soil deterioration around recently drilled water holes in the Sahelian Zone C. Valentin ! In 1937 Stebbing pointed out that drier climatic conditions were lead­ ing to the southward encroachment of the Sahara (20). His observations were almost immediately rejected by an Anglo-French commission, which argued that in most cases soil degradation was caused by the action of man (18). Because of the protracted drought of the 1970s in the Sahelian belt, Stebbing's caution recently was brought into sharp focus. According to many scientist~ overgrazing and trampling, especially near watering points, are the major causes of soil degradation and, consequently, deser­ tification of this area (6, 9, 13, 26). However, published material relating accelerated erosion to animal husbandry remains scarce. Additional in­ formation is essential. Scientific attention has focused on a large region of northern Senegal, which as recently as 30 years ago was called the "FerIo Desert." At that time, despite the continuous presence offodder, livestock were herded out of the area as ponds dried up after the rainy season. The Ferlo was thus deserted by nomadic herdsmen 9 months out of each year. Once numer­ , ,. ous deep wells were drilled in the 1950s, the seasonal migrations of no­ madic communities declined rapidly, and this region was subjected to permanent pastoralism. Such a radical change in pastoral practices affected many aspects of the human and natural environments. To document such changes, studies recently were carried out in that area. The area provided a large-scale ex­ perimental site for an interdisciplinary team composed of investigators of 51 EFFECTS OF GRAZING AND TRAMPLING ON SOIL DETERIORATION 53 52 C.