DOCSLIB.ORG

Feeding Preference of Recaptured Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar Following Simulated Escape from Fish Pens During Autumn

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Feeding Preference of Recaptured Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar Following Simulated Escape from Fish Pens During Autumn Vol. 1: 167–174, 2010 AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS Published online December 21 doi: 10.3354/aei00015 Aquacult Environ Interact OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Feeding preference of recaptured Atlantic salmon Salmo salar following simulated escape from fish pens during autumn R. E. Olsen1,*, O. T. Skilbrei2 1Institute of Marine Research, Matre Research Station, 5984 Matredal, Norway 2Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway ABSTRACT: Escapes of farmed fish from coastal farms around the world are believed to have genetic and ecological consequences for wild fish populations. Each year there are numerous escapes of adult farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. However, survival until maturity appears to be low. One possible explanation is that many of these salmon have difficulties switching to live prey. To address this possibility, growth rate and dietary preference were recorded in recaptured salmon released in 3 groups from August to October 2008 within a small fjord in south-western Norway (Masfjord). The fish were primed with a commercial diet containing 11% of the ‘vegetable oil marker’ 18:2n-6 before release. In the 14.5 to 35.1% of fish recaptured, growth rates were generally good (0.21–1.23% d–1 of fish recaptured in main fjord >2 mo after release), with body weight doubled or more for fish recap- tured after 19 wk and thereafter. However, fish recaptured in a small arm of Masfjord (Hopsvåg) had a growth rate close to zero and were in poor condition. While stomachs of recaptured fish were gen- erally empty in the first weeks after release, pellets from fish farms were found in more than 80% of the stomachs after 12 wk and thereafter. Additionally, the level of 18:2n-6 in depot lipids (11% of fatty acids) of the muscle indicated that none of the fish recaptured the following autumn and winter in the vicinity of the release site had switched to wild prey diets. Salmon that escape during autumn are unlikely to compete for prey with wild fish in the vicinity of the release site. KEY WORDS: Escaped farmed salmon · Behavior · Feeding preference · Triacylglycerols · Fatty acid composition · Survival Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher INTRODUCTION The official figures of salmon escapees from fish farms in Norway has varied from below 200 000 to Following the rapid expansion in farming of Atlantic 900 000 during the period from 2001 to 2009 (Jensen et salmon since the mid-1960s, escapes from cages has al. 2010). However, the actual number is probably become a serious problem both for the fish farming much higher (Baarøy et al. 2004, Skilbrei & Wennevik industry and for the conservation of wild stocks. One of 2006). The estimated total catch of farmed fish in the more serious challenges is that farming has been salmon rivers throughout Norway is below 10 000, correlated with declines in natural salmon populations which is low compared to the total reported escapees (Ford & Myers 2008). Escapees will interfere with the (Anon 2010). In accordance with this, high recaptures genetic make-up of wild stocks if they manage to inter- of tagged adult salmon have been reported in the breed and may potentially contribute to the spread of vicinity of release sites for the first months after diseases and parasites (Lura & Sægrov 1991, Heuch & release, but none or very few have been found in fresh- Mo 2001, McGinnity et al. 2004, Naylor et al. 2005, water (Hansen 2006, Skilbrei & Jørgensen 2010, Skil- Hindar et al. 2006, Skaala et al. 2006, Ferguson et al. brei et al. 2010). It therefore appears that survival until 2007, Fraser et al. 2010, Skilbrei et al. 2010). fish mature and enter rivers is low. Little is however *Email: [email protected] © Inter-Research 2010 · www.int-res.com 168 Aquacult Environ Interact 1: 167–174, 2010 known about the general performance and causes of diet preparations. Other dominant fatty acids were mortality of fish after they escape. Hansen (2006) 16:0 (12.7%) and with a good balance of 20:5n-3 and found that fish escaping during autumn and winter 22:6n-3 at around 6% each. As the fatty acid composi- migrate to open sea but do not survive the cold winter. tion, in depot lipids in particular, is governed by that of Fish may also have a problem switching to live prey, the diet (Henderson & Tocher 1987, Torstensen et al. possibly depending on their age, life stage, time spent 2005), any change in 18:2n-6, and other fatty acids, can in cages and species. Some indications of the latter be used an indicator of prey preference. The method were given in a Chilean study where escaped coho has previously been shown to be well suited for distin- salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and rainbow trout O. guishing between escaped and wild salmon (Megdal mykiss appeared to switch readily to natural prey et al. 2009), and assessing the impact of fish farming on diets, while escaped Atlantic salmon had the highest marine fish composition (Skog et al. 2003, Fernandez- level of stomach emptiness and the highest occurrence Jover et al. 2007). of pellets from fish farms in their stomachs (Soto et al. Recapture of tagged fish. The letters HI (Norwegian 2001). However, the fish were of unknown origin, so acronym for the IMR), the IMR internet address (www. the contribution of feed pellets on subsequent growth imr.no) and postal code were printed on the T-bar tags could not be estimated. There are, to our knowledge, in addition to an individual alphanumeric code. The no detailed studies of feeding behavior of newly reward was 100 NOK per T-bar anchor tag returned. escaped adult salmon in fjord and coastal areas. T-bar anchor tags were returned by fishers after cap- The aim of the current experiment was therefore to ture by rod or gill-net in the inner and middle part of study growth and feeding preference of escaped the fjord. More than 90% of the fish caught by rod Atlantic salmon. The target area chosen was Masfjor- were angled in the vicinity of the 2 fish farms or in the den, Western Norway. This is a well controlled area effluent water from a hydropower plant that attracts with respect to fish farming activity and fishing efforts, escaped farmed salmon and is a popular site for and where migratory behavior of released farmed fish anglers. All gill-netted salmon were caught in the is well documented (Skilbrei 2010). inner part of the fjord (between Solheim and Matre, Fig. 1). Of these, 85% were provided by a single fish- erman who was the only professional fisher in the MATERIALS AND METHODS fjord. The fisher used mainly 60 to 63 mm mesh-sized nets gill-nets and fished regularly during autumn, Fish, tagging and diet. The fish were of the domesti- except for the first 3 wk of December. He was also cated Aqua Gen strain that is widely used in Norwe- engaged by the project to recapture fish on a daily gian fish farming. They were produced at the hatchery basis from late December onwards, and delivered at Matre Research Station, Institute of Marine Research 141 fish for inspection of stomach content. The fish (IMR), Matre, Western Norway. One-year old smolts used for analysis of fatty acids were chosen from the were transferred to sea cages close to the Research gill-net catches of this fisher during the period Novem- Station, in the inner Masfjord, used for further rearing ber 8, 2008 to April 1, 2009. A detailed description of and releases (see Fig. 1). Release groups were pro- the recaptures of both T-bar tagged fish and fish duced by tagging 1780 to 3700 fish with T-bar anchor equipped with telemetry transmitters is given in Skil- tags (Hallprint). The first tagging was done in the brei (2010). hatchery on May 9, 2008 when the fish were still in Student’s t-test was applied to compare the specific freshwater, 2 days prior to transfer to seawater. The growth rate (SGR, % d–1) and sizes of the fish recap- next groups were tagged with 5 to 7 wk intervals from tured in Masfjord with those recaptured in a small arm June 20 to October 21, 2008 in the sea cage facility, and of the fjord. Specific growth rate was calculated from × 6 to 8 d before release (Table 1). Fork length of all fish the formula SGR = 100 [ln(W2) – ln(W1)]/(t2 –t1), where and weight of samples were recorded. In addition, a W2 and W1 are the weights (g) of the individual at small number of salmon were equipped with 9 mm Day t2 and t1, respectively. For fish that were only mea- telemetry transmitters for studies of migratory be- sured for length (cm) at tagging (L1), the weight (W1) havior (Skilbrei 2010). was estimated by rearranging the formula for condi- × –3 To enable a distinction of feed preference, the fish tion factor, C1 = 100 W1L1 ) where C1 was the mean were primed with a commercial diet containing veg- condition factor of the group. etable lipid sufficient to give a relatively high level of Sampling of wild fish. To obtain an estimate of wild the ‘plant’ fatty acid linoleic acid (18:2n-6) which is fish and wild prey fatty acid composition in Masfjord, found in only minute amounts in natural prey. This 10 brown trout Salmo trutta and 1 cod Gadus morhua particular diet also had elevated contents of 18:1n-9, were captured using gill-nets in April in the area suggesting that canola oil is a major ingredient in the where most escaped Atlantic salmons were caught.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Phylogeny of Oncorhynchus (Euteleostei: Salmonidae) Based on Behavioral and Life History Characters
    Copeia, 2007(3), pp. 520–533 The Phylogeny of Oncorhynchus (Euteleostei: Salmonidae) Based on Behavioral and Life History Characters MANU ESTEVE AND DEBORAH A. MCLENNAN There is no consensus between morphological and molecular data concerning the relationships within the Pacific basin salmon and trout clade Oncorhynchus. In this paper we add another source of characters to the discussion. Phylogenetic analysis of 39 behavioral and life history traits produced one tree structured (O. clarki (O. mykiss (O. masou (O. kisutch (O. tshawytscha (O. nerka (O. keta, O. gorbuscha))))))). This topology is congruent with the phylogeny based upon Bayesian analysis of all available nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences, with the exception of two nodes: behavior supports the morphological data in breaking the sister-group relationship between O. mykiss and O. clarki, and between O. kisutch and O. tshawytscha. The behavioral traits agreed with molecular rather than morphological data in placing O. keta as the sister-group of O. gorbuscha. The behavioral traits also resolve the molecular-based ambiguity concerning the placement of O. masou, placing it as sister to the rest of the Pacific basin salmon. Behavioral plus morphological data placed Salmo, not Salvelinus, as more closely related to Oncorhynchus, but that placement was only weakly supported and awaits collection of missing data from enigmatic species such as the lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush. Overall, the phenotypic characters helped resolve ambiguities that may have been created by molecular introgression, while the molecular traits helped resolve ambiguities introduced by phenotypic homoplasy. It seems reasonable therefore, that systematists can best respond to the escalating biodiversity crisis by forming research groups to gather behavioral and ecological information while specimens are being collected for morphological and molecular analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Lohenkalastus Lutto- Ja Nuorttijoella Kalamiesten Muisteluksia Koilliskairasta
    Metsähallituksenluonnonsuojelujulkaisuja. Sarja A, No 64 Lohenkalastus Lutto- ja Nuorttijoella Kalamiesten muisteluksia Koilliskairasta Jarmo Pautamo METSÄHALLITUS Luonnonsuojelu Julkaisun sisällöstävastaa tekijä, eikä julkaisuun voida vedota Metsähallituksenvirallisena kannanottona. ISSN 1235-6549 ISBN 951-53-1166-7 Oy Edita Ab Helsinki 1997 2. painos Kansikuva: KalastusretkelläLutto- ja Suomu jokien yhtymäkohdan kosket kierrettiin Rupisuolijärvienja niidenvälisten pikkuojien kautta, mutta järviltävene oli vedettävä harjun ylitse Suomujokeen. PiirrosHellevi Salonen. KUVAILULEHTI JulkaisijaMetsähallitus 30.12.1996Julkaisun päivämäärä Tekijät (toimielimestä: toimielimen nimi, puheenjohtaja, sihteeri) SelvitysJulkaisun laji Jarmo Pautamo ToimeksiantajaMetsähallitus Toimielimen asettamispvm Julkaisun nimi Lohenkalastus Lutto- ja Nuorttijoella - kalamiesten muisteluksia Koilliskairasta Julkaisun osat Tiivistelmä Kuolavuonon kautta Jäämereen laskevan Tuulomajoen latvavedet Lutto- ja Nuorttijoki olivat aikoinaan hyviä lohi­ jokia, mutta lohi katosi näistä joista 1960-luvulla. Tuulomajoen lohta käsittelevä selvitys on jaettu kahteen osaan. Tä­ mä osa käsittelee lohenkalastuksen historiaa kirjallisuuslähteiden ja haastattelujen avulla. Haastatteluja kerättiin vuosina 1987-1995 yhteensä 55 henkilöltä, jotka ovat kalastaneet Lutto- ja Nuorttijokien alueella ennen 1960-lukua. Julkaisuun on kerätty tärkeimmät haastattelutiedot lohen esiintymisestä, kalastustavois­ ta ja -rajoituksista sekä saaliista. Haastattelut sisältävät myös muistelmia muiden
    [Show full text]
  • The Native Trouts of the Genus Salmo of Western North America
    CItiEt'SW XHPYTD: RSOTLAITYWUAS 4 Monograph of ha, TEMPI, AZ The Native Trouts of the Genus Salmo Of Western North America Robert J. Behnke "9! August 1979 z 141, ' 4,W \ " • ,1■\t 1,es. • . • • This_report was funded by USDA, Forest Service Fish and Wildlife Service , Bureau of Land Management FORE WARD This monograph was prepared by Dr. Robert J. Behnke under contract funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the U.S. Forest Service. Region 2 of the Forest Service was assigned the lead in coordinating this effort for the Forest Service. Each agency assumed the responsibility for reproducing and distributing the monograph according to their needs. Appreciation is extended to the Bureau of Land Management, Denver Service Center, for assistance in publication. Mr. Richard Moore, Region 2, served as Forest Service Coordinator. Inquiries about this publication should be directed to the Regional Forester, 11177 West 8th Avenue, P.O. Box 25127, Lakewood, Colorado 80225. Rocky Mountain Region September, 1980 Inquiries about this publication should be directed to the Regional Forester, 11177 West 8th Avenue, P.O. Box 25127, Lakewood, Colorado 80225. it TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface ..................................................................................................................................................................... Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Movement, Migration, and Smolting of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)
    Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen 77 Movement, migration, and smolting of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Stephen D. McCormick, Lars P. Hansen, Thomas P. Quinn, and Richard L. Saunders Abstract: A variety of movements characterize the behavioral plasticity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in fresh water, including movements of fry from redds, establishment of feeding territories, spawning movements of sexually mature male parr, movement to and from winter habitat, and smolt migration in spring. Smolting is an adaptive specialization for downstream migration, seawater entry, and marine residence. While still in fresh water, smolts become silvery and streamlined, lose their positive rheotaxis and territoriality, and begin schooling. Physiological changes include increased salinity tolerance, olfactory sensitivity, metabolic rate, scope for growth, and altered hemoglobin and visual pigments. Through their impact on the neuroendocrine system, photoperiod and temperature regulate physiological changes, whereas temperature and water flow may initiate migration. Smolt survival is affected by a limited period of readiness (a physiological “smolt window”) and the timing of seawater entry with environmental conditions such as temperature, food, and predators (an ecological “smolt window”). Smolt development is adversely affected by acidity, pollutants, and improper rearing conditions, and is often more sensitive than other life stages. Unfortunately, the migration corridor of smolts (mainstems of rivers and estuaries) are the most heavily
    [Show full text]
  • Is Supplemental Stocking of Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta) Worthwhile in Low Productive Streams?
    FOLIA ZOOLOG ICA - 4;14), 371 -38 1 11996) IS SUPPLEMENTAL STOCKING OF BROWN TROUT (SALMO TRUTTA) WORTHWHILE IN LOW PRODUCTIVE STREAMS? Rui M.V. CORTES', A111 it car TE1 XE1R N and Ca rl os A. PEREIRA ' Received September 10. 1995 Accepted Oct ober 3, 1996 IU ni vc rsicl a(\c de Tr{\s-os-MonlCS cAito Daura, Vil a Rea l lEsco la Superi or Agr{lria, Braganc;a .1Est<l((ao Aq uicola do Ave, Vil3. do Conde Abs t ract The effect or [rout slocking was cvalUalcd in two hcadslrC<lmS located in northern POrLugal in order to assess the impact on wild trout (Salmo rrulla L.) and to an;'llyse the success of thi s operatio n. The result s obln incd ex hib ited the limitation of slock ing: I ) the clu mped character of the released ri shes created a high mort ality and limited the increasi ng or sa lmoni d poPUI 'Hi oll to a fe w weeks; 2) because density-dependent f<l ctors see m to prev~il in the rcgul mio ll of s~ lmollid popUlations. stocki ng is bc ne ri ci~ l only iF ~ po pu l ~ t i on has became scarce, otherw ise, the autoc hthonolls fi sh may be strongly im pacted; 3) the re lative vulnerabil ity of each age cla ss of the nat ive trOlIl S mny "my m:cording wi th the site. Key words: stocki ng, brown trout, impact, fi sh manage ment Introduction Fi sh stocking is widely used when autochthonous fi sh populations are reduced or eliminated due to overfishing, or when degradati on is so severe that natural recovery of autoc hthonous fish stocks is no longer possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Salmo Australzs, a New Species of Fossil Salmonid from Southwestern Mexico
    CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN VOL. 26, NO. 1, p. 1-17 (1 1 text-figs.) December 21, 1982 SALMO AUSTRALZS, A NEW SPECIES OF FOSSIL SALMONID FROM SOUTHWESTERN MEXICO BY TED M. CAVENDER AND ROBERT RUSH MILLER MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ANN ARBOR CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY Philip D. Gingerich, Director Gerald R. Smith, Editor This series of contributions from the Museum of Paleontology is a medium for the publication of papers based chiefly upon the collection in the Museum. When the number of pages issued is sufficient to make a volume, a title page and a table of contents will be sent to libraries on the mailing list, and to individuals upon request. A list of the separate papers may also be obtained. Correspondence should be directed to the Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109. VOLS. 11-XXVI. Parts of volumes may be obtained if available. Price lists available upon inquiry. SALMO AUSTRALIS, A NEW SPECIES OF FOSSIL SALMONID FROM SOUTHWESTERN MEXICO BY TED M. CAVENDER1 AND ROBERT RUSH MILLER2 Abstract.-A new species of salmonid fish is described from an unconsolidated sand deposit close to the present shoreline of Lake Chapala at Ajijic, Jalisco, Mexico. Because of the superficial nature of the deposit the age of the fossil is believed to be Pleistocene. Additional salmonid remains from the lake bottom at Ajijic are associated with Pleistocene mammalian fossils. Osteological details of the fossil cranium indicate the new species is related to Western North American representatives of the genus Salmo.
    [Show full text]
  • Processing Parameters Needed to Control Pathogens in Cold-Smoked Fish
    Processing Parameters Needed to Control Pathogens in Cold-Smoked Fish A Report of the Institute of Food Technologists for the Food and Drug Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services submitted March 29, 2001 IFT/FDA Contract No. 223-98-2333 Task Order 2 Processing Parameters Needed to Control Pathogens in Cold-smoked Fish Table of Contents Preface ........................................................................ S-1058 7. Conclusions ....................................................................... S-1079 8. Research needs ................................................................. S-1079 Science Advisory Board .......................................... S-1058 References ............................................................................. S-1080 Scientific and Technical Panel ............................... S-1058 Chapter III. Potential Hazards in Cold-Smoked Fish: Clostridium botulinum type E Reviewers .................................................................. S-1058 Scope ...................................................................................... S-1082 1. Introduction ....................................................................... S-1082 Additional Acknowledgments ............................... S-1058 2. Prevalence in water, raw fish, and smoked fish .............. S-1083 3. Growth in refrigerated smoked fish ................................. S-1083 Background ...............................................................S-1059 4. Effect of processing
    [Show full text]
  • Family - Salmonidae
    Family - Salmonidae Salmonid fishes include some of world's most important freshwater angling and aquaculture species. This family is native to the cool and cold waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Salmonids were first introduced to Australia in the nineteenth century, and were some of the first introductions for this family. This family is characterised by small scales, a lateral line, dorsal fin high on the back, forward on the pelvics. Closely related to the native families Aplochitonidae, Galaxiidae, Protoroctidae, and Retropinnidae. Brown trout Salmo trutta Linnaeus (R.M. McDowall) Other names: Sea trout, Englishman. Description: A thick-bodied and shallow species with a big head and mouth. Mouth becoming increasingly large with growth, and eyes relatively smaller. Dorsal fin (12-14 rays); pectoral rays (13-14); adipose fin well developed. Caudal peduncle relatively deep, and tail forked slightly or not at all. Distinct lateral line. Vertebrae 56-61. Distribution: Established in high altitude, cooler waters mostly in the highlands above 600 m. Throughout New South Wales, The Australian Capital Territory, and Victoria, including the headwaters of the Murry-Darling, and Tasmania. In Tasmania it is widespread and abundant down to sea level in all major drainages with exception to the Davey River and Bathurst harbour streams. Stocked populations are maintained in the warmer waters of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia (Adelaide region) and south of Perth inWestern Australia. Natural History: Is a native species to Europe, from Iceland and Scandinavia south to Spain and northern Africa, and eastward to the Black and Caspian Seas. Introduced to Australian waters in Alien Fishes | Family Salmonidae | Page 1 the 1860s as an angling species.
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Water (18‰ Salinity) in Tanks at Farm Condition
    6(2): 88-95 (2012) DOI: 10.3153/jfscom.2012011 Journal of FisheriesSciences.com E-ISSN 1307-234X © 2012 www.fisheriessciences.com RESEARCH ARTICLE ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ ROUTINE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION RATE OF THE BLACK SEA TROUT (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811) Bilal Akbulut∗1, Eyüp Çakmak1, İlker Zeki Kurtoğlu2, Ali Alkan1 1Central Fisheries Research Institute, Kasüstü Beldesi, Yomra, Trabzon-Turkey. 2Rize University, Fisheries Faculty, Milli Piyango Kampüsü, Rize-Turkey Abstract: Aim of this study is to determinate oxygen consumption rate of Black Sea trout, (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811) in the sea water (18‰ salinity) in tanks at farm condition. Two different fish size were used as small size and big size which average weights 54.1 ±3.06 (n=300) and 507.0 ±17.71 (n=32) g, average total lengths 17.7 ±0.36 and 35.5 ±0.44 cm respectively. Water temperature averaged 10.0 ±0.01°C during the experiment. The amount of dissolved oxygen was measured during 3 days inlet and outlet of each tank. Oxygen consumption rate was found to be in the range of 95.2-140.0 mgO2kg/h according to fish size. It was observed that O2 con- sumption increased in the daylight period. Keywords: Oxygen consumption, Black Sea trout, Salmo trutta labrax, Water quality Özet: Karadeniz Alabalığının (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811) Rutin Oksijen Tüketimi Bu çalışmanın amacı, Karadeniz Alabalığının (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811) deniz suyunda (‰18 tuzluluk) çiftlik şartlarında tanklarda oksijen tüketim oranını belirlemektir. Denemede ortalama ağırlıkları 54.1 ±3.06 g (n=300) ve 507.0 ±17.71 g (n=32) ve total boyları 17.7 ±0.36 ve 35.5 ±0.44 cm olan iki farklı balık grubu kullanılmıştır.
    [Show full text]
  • Case 3526 Salmo Formosanus Jordan & Oshima, 1919 (Currently
    300 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 67(4) December 2010 Case 3526 Salmo formosanus Jordan & Oshima, 1919 (currently Oncorhynchus formosanus) (Pisces, SALMONIDAE, SALMONINAE): proposed conservation of the specific name Hsuan-Ching Ho Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan & National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, No. 2, Houwan Rd., Pingtung, 944 Taiwan (e-mail: [email protected]) Jin-Chywan Gwo Department of Aquaculture, Taiwan National Ocean University, No. 2, Peining Rd., Keelung, 202 Taiwan (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract. The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the specific name Salmo formosanus Jordan & Oshima, 1919 (currently Oncorhynchus formosanus) for an endemic landlocked salmon in Taiwan. The older name Salmo saramao Jordan & Oshima in Oshima, 1919 is a senior subjective synonym of S. formosanus, but has not been catalogued or used since it was described. The suppression of S. saramao is therefore proposed to conserve the name S. formosanus. Keywords. Nomenclature; taxonomy; SALMONIDAE; Oncorhynchus formosanus; Onco- rhynchus saramao; salmon; Taiwan. 1. On 18 October 1917, Takeo Aoki received a freshwater salmon specimen (33.9 cm TL, preserved with salt) from Saramao [Lishan], upstream of Taiko River [Tachia R.], Taiwan. He reported this finding and gave a detailed description for the specimen (Aoki, 1917a, b, c). However, no scientific name was provided. 2. Jordan & Oshima in Oshima (June 1919, p. 14) described Salmo saramao based on two specimens [syntypes], the mature salt-preserved specimen received by Takeo Aoki and a juvenile (14.8 cm TL, SU 23054) raised at Saramao police station in Musha (or Musya, Wushe), Taiwan.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Aren't There More Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)?
    281 Why aren’t there more Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)? Donna L. Parrish, Robert J. Behnke, Stephen R. Gephard, Stephen D. McCormick, and Gordon H. Reeves Abstract: Numbers of wild anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have declined demonstrably throughout their native range. The current status of runs on rivers historically supporting salmon indicate widespread declines and extirpations in Europe and North America primarily in southern portions of the range. Many of these declines or extirpations can be attributed to the construction of mainstem dams, pollution (including acid rain), and total dewatering of streams. Purported effects on declines during the 1960s through the 1990s include overfishing, and more recently, changing ocean conditions, and intensive aquaculture. Most factors affecting salmon numbers do not act singly, but rather in concert, which masks the relative contribution of each factor. Salmon researchers and managers should not look for a single culprit in declining numbers of salmon, but rather, seek solutions through rigorous data gathering and testing of multiple effects integrated across space and time. Résumé : Les effectifs de saumon de l’Atlantique (Salmo salar) sauvage anadrome ont diminué notablement dans toute l’aire de répartition naturelle de l’espèce. On a observé des baisses étendues et même la disparition des remontes dans les rivières à saumon en Europe et en Amérique du Nord, surtout dans les parties méridionales de l’aire de répartition de l’espèce. Bon nombre de ces déclins ou de ces disparitions sont attribuables à la construction de barrages sur les cours principaux des rivières, à la pollution (notamment aux pluies acides) et à l’assèchement complet de certains cours d’eau.
    [Show full text]
  • In Romanian Waters
    The Black Sea Trout, Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814 (Pisces: Salmonidae) in Romanian Waters 1 1 1 1 * Călin LAȚIU , Daniel COCAN2,3 , Paul UIUIU , Andrada IHUȚ1 , 1 Sabin-Alexandru1 University of Agricultural NICULA Sciences, Radu CONSTANTINESCU and Veterinary Medicine, Vioara Cluj-Napoca, MIREȘAN Cluj County, Romania, Mănăştur Street 3-5, 400372, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, Department I Fundamental Sciences (Romania) 2 Centre for Research on Settlements and Urbanism, Faculty of Geography, “Babeş-Bolyai” University, Cluj- Napoca, 5-7 Clinicilor St., RO-400006, (Romania) 3 National Institute for Economic Research “Costin C. Kiriţescu”, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Casa Academiei Române, 13 Septembrie St., no. 13, RO-05071 (Romania) *corresponding author: vioara.mireș[email protected] Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 77(2)/2020 ISSN-L 1843-5262; Print ISSN 1843-5262; Electronic ISSN 1843-536X DOI:10.15835/buasvmcn-asb: 2020.0017 Abstract Salmo labrax The review assembles chronological data on Black Sea trout ( ) from Romanian waters and brings up-to-date information related to the distribution of the species. The information used dates from 1909 to 2020 and includes books, articles, digital databases, field observations, and notes from different research fields such as ichthyology, biogeography, genetics, aquaculture, conservation,Salmo labrax and ecology. Global distribution, migration, meristic characters, and aquaculture of the species were analyzed based on the recorded data from the specialty literature. New information related to a possible population of inside the Carpathian Arch was discussed. In Romanian waters the species is found in the Black Sea, Danube, Danube Delta but the current paper proposes a new hypothesis, namely that resident populations can be found in rivers and lakes adjacent to the Carpathian Arch.
    [Show full text]