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In Romanian Waters

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In Romanian Waters The Black Sea Trout, Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814 (Pisces: Salmonidae) in Romanian Waters 1 1 1 1 * Călin LAȚIU , Daniel COCAN2,3 , Paul UIUIU , Andrada IHUȚ1 , 1 Sabin-Alexandru1 University of Agricultural NICULA Sciences, Radu CONSTANTINESCU and Veterinary Medicine, Vioara Cluj-Napoca, MIREȘAN Cluj County, Romania, Mănăştur Street 3-5, 400372, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, Department I Fundamental Sciences (Romania) 2 Centre for Research on Settlements and Urbanism, Faculty of Geography, “Babeş-Bolyai” University, Cluj- Napoca, 5-7 Clinicilor St., RO-400006, (Romania) 3 National Institute for Economic Research “Costin C. Kiriţescu”, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Casa Academiei Române, 13 Septembrie St., no. 13, RO-05071 (Romania) *corresponding author: vioara.mireș[email protected] Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 77(2)/2020 ISSN-L 1843-5262; Print ISSN 1843-5262; Electronic ISSN 1843-536X DOI:10.15835/buasvmcn-asb: 2020.0017 Abstract Salmo labrax The review assembles chronological data on Black Sea trout ( ) from Romanian waters and brings up-to-date information related to the distribution of the species. The information used dates from 1909 to 2020 and includes books, articles, digital databases, field observations, and notes from different research fields such as ichthyology, biogeography, genetics, aquaculture, conservation,Salmo labrax and ecology. Global distribution, migration, meristic characters, and aquaculture of the species were analyzed based on the recorded data from the specialty literature. New information related to a possible population of inside the Carpathian Arch was discussed. In Romanian waters the species is found in the Black Sea, Danube, Danube Delta but the current paper proposes a new hypothesis, namely that resident populations can be found in rivers and lakes adjacent to the Carpathian Arch. The highest migration point of the Black Sea trout in the Danube was recorded near Corabia locality, Olt County, (43°46′25″N- 24°30′12″E). In the Danube Delta, it was caught in all the three branches (Sulina, Sf. Gheorghe and Chilia), and lagoonary complexes such as Razim-Sinoe. Sexually matured females were caught especially in Spring Season while unmatured specimens were caught in all seasons. Even if the species is protected under Romanian legislation,Keywords: fishermen Salmonidae, and anglers should report its presenceSalmo when caught accidentally. ichthyology, rare species, genus, Black Sea. Introduction Fishes from the Salmonidae family have economic Coregoninae,Worldwide, Salmoninae fish species whichThymallinae belong to the (food source),et al., environmental (diversity, aquatic Salmonidae familyProsopium, are grouped Stenodus, in three Salvethymus, subfamilies ecosystem health) and social (angling) importance Btachymystax,( Parahucho, Hucho,, and Salmo, Salvelinus,), and (Davidson 2010). In RomaniaHucho hucho are present all Coregonus,eleven genera: Oncorhynchus, Thymallus the generaSalmo assigned trutta to Europe with the followingSalmo labraxspecies: Danube salmonSalvelinus ( fontinalis); brown (Eschmeyer’s trout ( Salvelinus alpinus), Black Sea salmon ( Catalogue of Fishes, 2020). The last six genera are ), brook trout ( ), arctic also found in Europe (Kottelat & Freyhof, 2007). charr ( ), European whitefish 10 and al. LAȚIU Coregonus lavaretus Coregonus albula Oncorhynchus mykiss ( ), EuropeanThymallus cisco (thymallus ichthyofauna monitoring from Someșul Cald River ), rainbow trout ( ) and Beliș-FântâneleSalmo Reservoir (N 46° 38.825’- E and European grayling ( ) 022° 51.842’, Cluj County, Romania)Salmo were labrax also (Bănărescu, 1964; Cocan & Mireșan, 2018). added, where sp. specimens were found. The distribution and taxonomy of salmonids We strongly believe they belong to in Europe and in Romanianet al., waters is unclear species. The specimens were captured using and requires increased attention (Kottelat and single-pass electrofishing techniques (using Freyhof, 2007; Ihuț 2014). One of theSalmo less SAMUS 725G apparatus, powered by 12V and labraxfrequent and studiedet salmonid al. fish species is the 24A rechargeable battery)et al., and fly fishing (using Black Sea salmon or the Black Sea trout ( artificial nymphs), from July 2018 to August 2019 ) (Muhareem , 2011). The species was (Copp,Results 1989; andEllender discussion 2011). first described bySalmo Peter trutta Simon Pallas in 1831. SalmoSince then,trutta the labrax Black Sea trout was considered a subspecies of (subspecies name: The presence of the species in the Black Sea and Salmo trutta) by Berg, (1948);et Bănărescu,al rivers that flow into the Black Sea was mentioned (1964); Svetovidov (1984); Lelek, (1987), by many authors (Bușniță & Alexandrescu, 1963; synonymet al to by Kalayci ., (2018) Bănărescu, 1964; Bănărescu, 2005), but data isand Salmo as a stand-alonelabrax species by Kottelat, (1997); regarding the migration and spawning period and Turan ., (2014). The valid name of the species biology of this species is deficient (Oțel, 2007). et al Pallas 1814. The Black Sea trout The Globalpresence distribution of the species of the could Black not Sea be trout found population is decreasing according to Bănăduc whenSalmo studying labrax the existing literature. ., (2016). It is an anadromous species and its presence is threatenedet al.,by damming and ecosystem stress caused by landscapeSalmo degradation species The species is distributed along the coasts and conversion (Kalayci 2018). Genetic of the Black and Azov Seas, and also in the studies show differences among et al rivers emptying into the seas (Bănărescu, 1964; from the Black Sea and Danube lineage, AdriaticSalmo Oțel, 2007). In general, it is referred to as an truttaSea, and vs. Altlantic Salmo labraxlineages (Pustovrh ., 2014). anadromousSalmo species, labrax but there are also isolated Interspecific hybridization is possible ( potamodromous populations. According to IUCN ) and studieset al., show that Redlist, is extant (resident) in Turkey, purebred specimens preserve coloration patterns Georgia, Russia, Ukraine, Moldavia, Belarus, similar to their parents (Kalayci 2018). The Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, aim of this paper was to assemble the existing Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czech Republic, Croatia, data from the speciality literature and to add new Montenegro, Macedonia, Poland, Austria, and information that may improve the knowledge Slovenia. Since the species is endemic to the Black relatedMaterials to the Black and Sea methods trout. and Azov Seas it can be assumed that it is present only in Romania, Turkey, Georgia, Russia, Bulgaria, and Ukraine based on the analyzed literature. The In this paper, books, articles, recreational species is more frequent in the rivers draining in tofishing Salmo (angling) labrax materials, and field observations the northern part of the Black Sea: Kuban River, were analyzed to gather information related Don TheRiver, migration Dniester River,of Salmo Dnieper labrax River (Vasilieva, in Romanian waters. Specialty 2003) literature and field observations were used to complement data and information on the Fish migration is a complex process that occurs species. Chronological data analysis was drafted under specific conditionset al.and circumstances:et al., to facilitate a better understanding of the Black spawning, food availability, season, searching for Sea trout distribution and also how information a new habitat (Tsukamoto , 2009, Guiry et al., related to this species was previously presented. 2020). Fish species from the Salmonidae family are Biology, ecology, conservation status, and anadromous and potamodromous (Quiñones description of the species were compiled based 2014). The adaptation capacity of fish to migrate onBulletin the UASVM specialty Animal Science literature. and Biotechnologies Field 77(2)observations / 2020 of or to reach new habitats is still an unclear subject. Salmo labrax Salmonidae 11 The Black Sea Trout, Pallas, 1814 (Pisces: ) in Romanian Waters Salmo labrax The Black Sea trout ( ) is usually depths around 50m (anadromous form). Resident migrating for reproduction, food, new habitat, or forms prefer fast-flowing and cold waters with because of hydrographic conditions (Jonsson Bror gravel and stone substrate (Kottelat & Freyhof, & Nina Jonsson, 2011). Post-spawning migration 2007). According to some authors the spawning is possible and also sub-adultSalmo specimens labrax migrate period is during Spring Season (Cărăușu, 1952; from marine to freshwater (Oțel, 2007). The Bușniță & Alexandrescu, 1963; Bănărescu, 1964) anadromous ecotype of is found in while other authors state that spawning occurs the Black Sea coastal waters (Labón-Cerviá,et al 2018) in the Autumn-Winteret. al., Seasons. Males can attain while the potamodromous ecotype (river resident sexual maturity at age 1+ while females mature and lake resident) (Ferguson ., 2019) is found at 2+ (Makhrov 2018). Large specimens in lakes and rivers from mountain areas. It is (larger than 2 kg) caught accidentally by local possible that in Europe, the population of Black Sea fishermen in the Danube and the Danube Delta trout is decreasing because the adults are unable (DDBR-Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve) during to reach the spawning sites represented by rivers the Spring Season have well developed gonads draining into the Black Sea, because of damming, in some cases. Small specimens feed on aquatic ballast exploitation and riverbed substrate and terrestrial invertebrates, while adults feed on Salmoalteration.
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