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International Educator SEPT+OCT.13 H February 2013 issue; the fourth article, “Peace Pathways” about conflict resolution, was published in the May/June 2013 issue. December 2012 issue; thethird article, “Intimate Proximity: The HumanFace ofGenocide”was publishedintheJanuary/ published intheMay/June 2012 issue; thesecond article, “Transforming Lives” aboutrefugees, was publishedintheNovember/ international education. The first article, “Leaving Light Footprints,” about sustainability in international education, was Editor’

by the mafia if she is from Eastern Eastern by thefrom and Europe, mafiaifsheis killed from being orprotect herneighbor origin, ifsheisofAfrican the from ofvoodoo spell family to sell is willing herselfteenage girl to protect her against human trafficking internationally. and alumni are in the joining students, fight you go, it’s there. it?” youignore How can Studies inWashington, (SAIS) D.C. “Everywhere of InternationalUniversityAdvanced School at the Johns Hopkins based Protection Project, Mattar,Mohamed executive director of The a U.S. onthe situation. State report Department ofthe worldand nopart isimmune, according to ofhumanare trafficking victims at any onetime, work incharcoal production. to enslaving countrymen to their Brazilians own exploited inthe Asia MiddleEast from Southeast Europeern for the sex tradeto servants domestic Students to why understand “need ayoung faculty,At range ofuniversities, a wide staff, “It’s the human issue of our time,” rights says Up to 27millionmen,women,andchildren s European women trafficked intoWest take countlesscan Eastern forms—from uman Note trafficking :

This article is the fifth in an occasional series of features about peace and social justice issues in andenslavement - exploited and sometimes sexually abused, says sexually abused, exploited andsometimes aren’t often those and the workers are respected, the workers may have employment contracts, are While brought into work inthe Middle East. women, and children,from Asia, South primarily workers Men,domestic andmanual laborers. gathering have informationProject been about Agarwal-Shah says. due to the circumstances in their homecountry,” to 40sandhave traffickers 30s andearly prey fallen that “some ofthe womenandmenare intheir late andBrazil. Colombia, Liberia, Ghana, Nigeria, as erlands to work inthe sex tradefrom places such trafficked toNethand menwhohave the - been ter’s to work women an opportunity with degrees graduate counseling studentsgiving pursuingmas sity’s Campusinthe Leiden Netherlands. at Sciences Webster andSocial Behavioral Univer of inthe Department member an adjunct faculty of the world,”parts Agarwal-Shah, says Sheetal different be ofhowthings can standing indifferent this requires cultural under awareness andabasic In Asia, students involved with The Protection students The Protection with involved In Asia, been finding for students has One unexpected year,Last Webster the created BijlmerProject, - - -

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SEPT+OCT.13 International Educator 17

an Ladika By Sus By our world faces— our world greatest atrocities greatest human trafficking. Faculty and students Faculty wounds of one of thewounds

try to prevent and heal prevent try to

k stoc r utte h s 18

International Educator SEPT+OCT.13 R human trafficking and contemporary slavery week ofevents about ome duringaspecial Cabot University in Students at John ing to the U.S. Trafficking Victims Protection Act. orslavery,” bondage, debt, peonage, servitude, accord- to involuntary ofsubjection coercion for the purpose through the offorce, use fraud, or orservices, labor for ofaperson orobtaining provision, transportation, commercial harboring, sex trade, or “the recruitment, which children underthe age of18are forced into the situations intheir homelands. the desperate” about so economic they’re because situations to unfair prepared putupwith they’re says Panter. For “often doingthe those hard work, astatus become issuetoalso have servants,” domestic The Protection Project. Elaine Panter, and planning for director of programs Silvia Scarpa the label has been extended to includethe things been label such has live.” trafficking Alongwith for the sex tradeor labor, students to this incountries “know exists where they wants and andslavery trafficking, on human rights, professor at University John inRome,teaches Cabot “Severe” trafficking is defined as instances in instances as isdefined trafficking “Severe” and it’sservants economy domestic needs “The assistant political science political assistant others. with learned out andshare what they’ve go can the problem they so students the about of scope on the situation, or teaching arly research andwritings from work in the field,schol to fight can trafficking come Silvia Scarpa, anadjunct Scarpa, Silvia For efforts universities, - origin for trafficking victims—and Kuwait, a destina- a victims—and for trafficking Kuwait, origin to of the heading country Philippines—a the work, society, victims. trafficking such as of vulnerablefirsthand members assisting experience students get clinicsso can in Lebanon legal establish Arab University andBeirut Universityandria inEgypt Alex such as schools the helped problem. Andithas of visibility topublic awareness campaigns increase on governmental in theorganizations Middle East trafficked, Panter withhas worked non It also says. committed in thetims if they context a crime of being includinginternational protection for vic standards, prehensive with humanlegislation inline trafficking helpingthings the as com Iraqigovernment pass - human right standards. anti-trafficking laws and with complying international oncreating governments advising hiscareer spent Mattar, the since program 2005,has headed whohas around onhuman issues the rights globe. focuses institute ahuman rights The Protection Project, Protecting theInnocent course with the idea nothing can be done,”course the nothing be with idea can says Scarpa. “Idon’t theabout problems. them want to leave the conferencesganize andfamily andhelp friends educate return homeandor can they to issues, these exposed for before back asemester heading home. By being andtrafficking in slavery. human religious organs, adoptions, illegal child sex child tourism, as soldiers, SAIS students also have been directly involved in directly in involved students haveSAIS also been The Protection Project’s such included work has Many students come to to study John Cabot abroad - - - -

Silvia Scarpa. above left: courtesy

top: Courtesy of Anastasios Kamoutsas. bottom: Courtesy of Minyeon Monica Ryou

SEPT+OCT.13 International Educator 19 niversity egent University you Monica Ryou Minyeon (in the blue shirt), a R 2013 spent the grad, law in summer of 2011 working South Korea for with the Advocates Law. Public Interest From her time at Regent, Regent, at time her From During summer of 2012, the Regent law student Anastasios student law Regent Kamoutsas interned with the Ryou has developedRyou a passion fragilefor families those and with absenteeparents, and hopes use legalher to skills an international at working agencyadoption withor state a social services department. Many of the victims come from the Balkans from the victims of the and come Many experience, he developed that Through a passion headed for India have to students of number A Henck, had his first graduate, Evan a 2007 Regent at staff is involved in Firm’s Freedom Each year, Anastasios Anastasios Kamoutsas A21 Campaign (Abolishing Injustice in the 21st Cen- 21st the in CampaignA21 (Abolishing Injustice tury)Thessaloniki, in Greece, which assists women the for Turkey country the from beinginto trafficked industry. sex Florida Bar the and plans now is studying for exam the at his hometown work to of Miami to return to Attorney anti- on an State the of Miami-Dade Office trafficking force. task the former Soviet Union, and might have been former Soviet have the and might sold Union, their by families, trafficking theyinto told or would aswork a waitress in Greece, and instead be forced trade, Kamoutas sex the says.into trafficking. human Kamoutsas combat to work the for works to which Firm, Freedom with the internships overwhelming the of girls forced problem combat girls are million half estimated An prostitution. into deceived promises by situation—either in that held of being employed in a good job or being sold by a slavery. sexual into relative as an in- Firm Freedom with working the experience been organization employed by the tern He’s in 2005. region director, 2008 and now servessince as Western projects overseeingjustice and rescue, restoration, in Pune Maharashtra.from its office least 10 raids, designed lives rescue girls to their from - - Each summer, students fan out across the world to fan world out across students the Eachsummer, grad, law a 2013 Regent Minyeon Monica Ryou, Aswasshe intern, an involved educationalin and The students researched different aspects researched different students The the of previously who Kohlhagen, with worked for jobs applyingis now for with NGOsHe and media Kristoff Kohlhagen, who graduated this spring, this who graduated Kohlhagen, Kristoff Kohlhagen system,” patronage a kind of strange “It’s t Home and Abroad

aw Students in the Field— Students Law A schoolAnother withboots-on-the-ground efforts is Beach, through Virginia, in Virginia University Regent Rights, Human Global Justice, for Center school’s its law wascenter in 2010created The of Law. Rule and the can be is a toolbecause that powerfully law “the uti- Ashleigh says lized oppressed the for and marginalized,” director. former administrative center’s the Chapman, programs. in internship knowledge work put their to This yearthey’re doing everything in working from policiesand laws regarding change help to Mexico trafficking to working a child victims with anti- new the Kansas at State Department initiative trafficking and Families. Children “Theyfor really their legalpour says. Chapman degrees efforts the in unique ways,” into working Southof 2011 in Korea summer spentthe which Law, Interest Public for Advocates with the deals rights refugees, with issues human for - includ “A lot of Korea knowpeople in ing trafficking victims. rights aboutissues, human little especiallyextremely refugees.” for campaigns. I realizedpublic awareness thing “One dan- real were wasapathy and public ignorance that lives and rights the to of refugees.” gers tions of mistreatment, and the workers will run away. will run workers and the away. tions of mistreatment, is open some abuses.” to that system like “A a report findings compiling on their and are situation bestand recommending practices. war by the impacted soldiers and youth mer child interest had an always in northern he’s Uganda, says people for rights in human and “protection in tough circumstances.” outlets, trying work. to put his experiences to tion country these victims, for research do field to on trafficking. interview to Kuwait to traveled officials, government organizations,members nongovernmental of and domesticof workers legal aboutsituation the others face. they may challenges the and Philippines the from sponsoredsays, workers employers with the by their sponsors Often the country. be the to allowed enter to passports. workers’ the away take allega be may There

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International Educator SEPT+OCT.13 activities working with professor Kelly Chang. as partoftheirservice George Fox University the dumpcommunity local daycare serving members installed a ditch shedug.Team Shaheed stands ina new water lineat a student Jennifer in their place ofweakness,” Henck says. them with for who stand and advocate them people recovery, allthat andduring few time,there are very ception that alongroad them to down leads get to pimps andtraffickers. keepers, broughtfollow againstbrothel uponthe court cases also They says andcounseling, Henck. portunities, op- educational placementthem job with services, andwork to whoare ofthose connect rescued, being thehelp well- Staff oversee members sex slaves. as her future career. “Ican’t my living life without imagine to putherexperiences inThailand in to use she hopes aconcentration science with cial says onglobalstudies, of human trafficking for quite awhile.” for trafficking:spot “I’ve victims forheart had a the says to that shefeels pulled country, which isahot jewelry. making employment opportunities andoffers to whoflee; them those other necessities commercial shelter, sex trade; provides and counseling, International, outreach to which inthe those does Thammasat with NightLight University andworking Thailand, attending at classes inBangkok, program State University. this inastudy She’ll fall abroad spend graduate in2014fromWesternwho will Connecticut plight whoare ofthose exploited isAudriana Blackwell, One student to help who feels moved address the L Helping GirlsandWomen earn New Skills “These young girls experience younggirls trauma andde- “These - so in interdisciplinary who is majoring Blackwell, Although she’s toBlackwell Thailand, been never living at the villa. at theliving villa. for the 21 girls assessments psychological provide brought ninestudents her, with helped where they year she This for five years. Nicaragua, Managua, Villa (Village visited outside ofHope) has Esperanza to inNicaragua. girls Oregon hope toare also bring working on a project trafficking,” Halverson-Wente says. into snagged human would be ing thethey likelihood “we’rethem businesses, decreas their establish own that andwomenskills help girls teaching these can By three different in in Cambodia. organizations that were andwomenwhowork madebygirls with for Sustainability,Sewing sell products inwhich they the humanity thatsee we share,” Halverson-Wente says. theand purchasing hadmade. “It dresses girls us helped on trying sew.session wounduphaving aprivate They the shelter, to who were girls learning the visited group At the andempower survivors. end slavery, victims, free MamFoundation, bythe Somaly ed to which works Halverson-Wente says. where ina the problemcountry isprevalent, ficking” help remain girls inschool. inorder to buildingtoilets such as doing projects by areas for inrural girls opportunities educational onincreasing Much focused has to Cambodia. year each trip community onaservice-learning members Rochester, ofstudents agroup and leads Minnesota, CommunityRochester andTechnical in College thisgration andmigrationwithout aspect.” my students,” “You says. Reale can’t immi- about talk for eye opener a real was “This andAsia. from Africa trafficked on the each day street had been passed they andexperiences. feelings, oftheir thoughts, journals the society, city,time walking andkeeping observing andspent andSciences, Centeriterranean ofArts justice inSicily.tion, migration, andsocial Italy,Syracuse, break to study- overspring immigra Michelle 24 students librarian took tofaculty Reale the problem oftrafficking. their for students a firsthand an opportunity at look to to dosomething stop it(the sex trade).”trying Kelly Chang, an assistant professor ofpsychology, anassistant Kelly Chang, Students Fox from George University inNewberg, At home,thecalled students launched aneffort a On sheltera recent the support visited trip group way to stop“Education is a possible human traf- Halverson-Wente,Lori at instructor aspeech many to ofthose learn Students were surprised at Arcadia University’s based was - group The Med At Arcadia University in Glenside, Pennsylvania, U.S.Other colleges are and universities giving - -

Donna Moen

top: courtesy of Kelly Chang; middle: courtesy of Kelly Chang/Sierra Donohue; bottom: Felicia Niemann

SEPT+OCT.13 International Educator 21 - Nicaragua. that George Fox Fox George that students helped in helped in students ne of the children One of the children niversity professor professor University Kelly Chang and her Kelly On her first trip, with a church mission group, On her first trip, with a church Esperanza providesVilla food, clothing, education, universities often talk at about being in Faculty ties, received then special who services. psychologist A girls. with times the in three work a weekcomes to Chang recalls bringing some of the girls to a hotel pool recallsChang bringing hotel a girls to some the of home them Taking give an opportunityto play. them to vul the and - smells “we experienced the dump, the to dogs, stray and the and all the tures so dirty and mangy, men looked the theseway girls. at was It really hard.” services mentoring and been thosehave who to rescued When Chang and her group environment. that from visit, of indicators they the Georgeexamine from Fox provide a they health. Although girls’ don’t mental the diagnosis, they look signs for of depression and anxiety, case one in and a identified learning girl with disabili the of out break to so nice academic “It’s an bubble. needy, real, something do in the to So bubble. nice - same time, her stu the Chang says. At messy world,” efforts see the they to that dents a chance make get lives of others. the improve can help - illage of illa Esperanza (V illa Esperanza The The lived had to 20, girls, 8 in age from range who

with their families at the local garbage dump. In some local familieswith the dump. their at garbage casesthey beenhad pressed hav families their by into ing sex with the garbage truck drivers families so garbage with the ing sex the the trash, through to pick chance first the would have families the sustain usewhich themselves. to niversity, is shown here in in front of the mural she of the mural in in front here is shown University, Fox George at Chang's students Kelly one of professor Ameena Bossier, in Nicaragua. exploitation from girls rescued encourage designed to Psychology professor Kelly Chang hugs a child Kelly professor Psychology the V at named Miurel outside Managua, Nicaragua. Hope)

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oen M onna D 22

International Educator SEPT+OCT.13 student Keila Molina the summerof2011; Human Rights,and she participated in university's Center for GlobalJustice, R a project withthe in Mexico during egent University the RuleofLaw. by slave inthe labor supply chain,” Ensalaco says. huge “if just asmall percentage of the GDP is sustained sixth-largest economy ofGDP. interms Theimpact is in the Ensalaco United says. States, industry, which in steel manufacturing then is used chain, the ofslaves such use inBrazil’s as charcoal isto awareness ofslave raise gram inthe labor supply enticed to other locations. workersin thethese aren’t regions are they from so the pattern employment isproviding opportunities to Oneofthe breaking keys forced slaves. to as labor andthen are to for lured otherBrazilians work, areas year. each 4,500areabout freed Poor andlandless and are inthe slaves, country 25,000 to 40,000people to eradicate inBrazil slavery.decades Anestimated human trafficking in theglobalsupply chain. as well to theprogram studyof role sex trafficking, oftheir inGlobalSolidarity Scholars part as Services sity ofDayton, traveled Catholic with to Relief Brazil and director ofhuman research at rights the Univer day. each use Americans found inthe be products can hundreds orthousands away. ofmiles people Theirlabor and enslavement aren’t just distant notionsthat affect Educators are also working to show human trafficking Without T Everyday Citizens— T rafficking A The as the world’s in2011 Brazil Bank ranked World proOne goal- ofthe inGlobalSolidarity Scholars working for been has Catholic Relief Services This summer, Mark professor Ensalaco,associate hem R ffects ealizing It - if wewant.” change have “they bring thiswecan of students, idea we have notproperly resolved.” historically problemscontemporary that stem “issues from that consume. continue to eat chocolate, might orwhat they kind andenslaved. ploited cocoa where youngsters are plantations ex inAfrica andhowthe cocoaeat, that’s might come used from to students thethings about such chocolate as they global human movement,” rights Ensalaco says. held inBrazil. be ofwhich both will Summer Olympics, de Football FIFA Association) World Cup and2016 trafficking during the2014 (Fédération Internationale to combat groups andaimsto assist sex Americans, involving West Western America, inNorth Africans for cases more than witness 130asylum anexpert as voice to worked give to has the powerless. ing, comparative andtraffick slavery andcontemporary inRochester,nology York, New on andisanexpert International Studies at Institute Rochester ofTech- whoholdsthe Lawrance, ConableBenjamin Chairin Giving aVoice to thePowerless But she has found that shehas But the with current generation says human trafficking andScarpa exploitation are whetherSuch to allowstudents to lessons decide at University,In herclass John Cabot talks Scarpa institutions academic are actors inthe “I believe with to raise of groupawareness the issue hopes The His focus is particularly on Africa, andhe’s onAfrica, isparticularly His focus served - -

Regent University

Sheetal Agarwal-Shah

SEPT+OCT.13 International Educator 23

”

. ” . was deeply . I was ” read about human . “I read hrough her involvement in the her involvement hrough t already has had an impact on It already T “instead that She also has found Pauliina Pirskanen, a psychology a psychology Pirskanen, Pauliina Finland who will graduate major from in December time when I for the first trafficking had a and the experience 8 or 9, was on me effect profound children that the fact saddened by into get lured women and young slavery as sex something as brutal she now says Pirskanen project, about and friends talks with tourists in plays human trafficking the role preach to . “I don’t want prostitution open up the topic but to with anger, . discussion general for of talking and thinking about how the is, human trafficking terrible . solution oriented is more discussion the Although this doesn’t eliminate it gives reality, facing the difficulty in a sense of genuine hope garwal- ebster students is students ebster and sexual and sexual AIDS and “this is AIDS

” .

hah’s own interest interest own Shah’s garwal- hrough that she saw the she saw that hrough he hope for W he hope for T A T ebster hah, an adjunct faculty Shah, an adjunct faculty garwal- that “associating and working with and working “associating that be global can help them the project A this issue,” soldiers for foot . Shah says saw the impact of trafficking the impact of trafficking I saw where of brothels in the firsthand, Mumbai . program for victims, says Sheetal victims, says for program A member in the Department of at and Social Sciences Behavioral W her from in the subject grew with PSI (Population involvement . She worked International) Services managing thein India, setting up and helpline in Asia first organization’s dealing with HIV/ . issues sex of commercial vulnerability HIV/ to workers

esources esources ost) received funds from an auction funds from received Zuid Oost) in the Bijlmer (Amsterdam R) situated (CAF Foundation esources versity Uni t Webster the Netherlands, in Leiden, which the Bijlmer Project,

his information can be used his information

tudents do such things as he students at the Leiden the Leiden at he students

T S uropean Union . the European frica to hristian Aid and R Christian

was created as a means to provide provide as a means to created was has become students, for internships can have see they them to for a way . an impact on the world F with CAR working campus are ( a nongovernmental Foundation), on ending focused organization from particularly human trafficking, A data sociodemographic collect identify try to about the victims to their trafficking; led to that factors of mental health identify symptoms and such as depression issues, and disorder; stress posttraumatic they the services determine try to need . T an intervention help develop to

niversity (Leiden, The Netherlands) and the Netherlands) The (Leiden, University Webster between project collaborative grassroots a nonprofit Bilmer Project, The Aid & R Christian needs of victims of human the psychosocial address to together of working help support its mission to artwork of student day slavery. issue of modern to deal with the larger and exploitation sexual for purposes of trafficking A

l A l eeta Sh h a l-Sh wa r ga

sity r nive U Regent 24

International Educator SEPT+OCT.13 in thepast. connection to slavery human trafficking's them understand every winter to help students to Zanzibar Freamon takes of law Bernard Seton Hallprofessor Zanzibarian children; image oftwo Society, took this Dispute R of thelaw school's Law andpresident University Schoolfo student at Seton Colleen Faherty, a esolution domestic servants or laborers. orlaborers. servants domestic whomigrate to Asia South the GulfStates to work as Washington, hisresearch onworkers from focuses at the University inTacoma, ofPuget Sound pology says. Lawrance around the world involvecases exploitation, labor of the tentionmajority media, and fromofficials the tions to work says. oncocoa Lawrance plantations, na- from African other Coast trafficked to the Ivory country, boys such as inasubregion, occur orthey trafficked into haveyoung boys been these countries. womenand Often andAsia. Europe, the MiddleEast, they have live. they nochoicewhere they deciding whohaveby those brought them into the country, and owned camps upinlabor wind they Often ner says. Gard different- arrive, whensomething very they find work in,andthen ceive, orthe ofconditions kind they’ll re have, the pay they’ll theabout they’ll of job kind formation and disinformation,” and are told onething on “misin- based make and Nepal the decision Lanka, Sri Pakistan, from placesBangladesh, gion like India, Andrew Gardner,Andrew professor ofanthro anassociate - While sex trafficking tends toget most the at Yet ofcoerced a occur within labor many cases In many instances, those who head to the whohead those Gulfre- In many instances, - - for bythe government Qatari onthe situation ofmi- towant continue to dothings,” Gardner says. we This ishowwe’ve Thisishow always done things. others say, abolished, to be “this ishowwedothings. country. the want inthe Whilesome system region theirwhich anemployer migrationinto sponsors the throughgion a“sponsorship” or“kafala” system, in the definitionoftrafficking.” lack accessmistreated, they to the justice system. are are taken them, from andifthey their passports migrants,”and millionsoflabor Inmany hesays. cases to have any successful prosecutions,” says. Lawrance for “it’s the isarrested crime, ifsomeone But rare very efforts. onanti-trafficking upspending stepped and has against trafficking laws has on the country books every Gardner says. ment islacking, the world, humancrime, but enforce trafficking is a - on. countries have signed the Protocol. Palermo It in2003,and117 effect took Gardner now is completing work on a report paid Gardner now is completing paid work on a report laborers areThese generally brought into the re- Yet “Idon’t Gardner says, squarely fit feel they into are “There huge problems there involving millions It’s asimilarsituation inWest where almost Africa, In the Persian Gulf states like many of ofregions better life.”better to a ofthe this world region seeking ence coming ofmillions migrants The aimis to “improve - the experi to change free employers. should be overhauled, andmigrants should be fromQatardents University. ofstu donebyateam - research was inthatgrants country. Much ofthe ficking Protocol as andmore usually the referred to Traf as is sometimes - and Air. The first ofprotocols these Sea Smuggling byLand, ofMigrants Children andthe Protocol againstthe Women Especially in Persons, and Suppressvent, andPunishTrafficking theby twoprotocols: Protocol to Pre- The convention supplemented was Italy. in Palermo, signed was Crime tion againstTransnational Organized In 2000the United Nations Conven- T Prevent and Punish T C ogether to rafficking Crimes ountries Ban He says the sponsorship program He says program the sponsorship

colleen faherty

colleen faherty

SEPT+OCT.13 International Educator 25 epresentatives. A group of Seton of Seton A group law Hall University of outside students the Zanzibar House of R - - - - IE has been a journalist for more more for has been a journalist AN LADIKA Colleen Faherty, who will graduate with a law de- who will with a law graduate Colleen Faherty, by her experienc impacted” wasShe “profoundly wantsAfter become graduation, Faherty to a pros people“Most abolished we have slavery think and simi- the problem combat effortsto sees He today’s seesFreamon growing in North Amer awareness than 20 years, working in both the United States States in both the United working than 20 years, Florida. based in Tampa, She is now and Europe. in the Curtain Fell” “After IE was article for Her last issue. 2013 the January/February SUS es on the island. Perhaps most moving was island. Perhaps es a visit on the to market. The of a slave site built on the Christ Church, chambers, resembled slave which the saw students held were slaves where a low-ceilinged wine cellar, beingbefore transported. chapel altar of the And the location wasthe marking circle markedmarble by a original whipping post.of the slave ecutor involved to in working and wants remain to trafficking, human well-known is not “which combat or understood.” slavery like nineteenthernments in the involved. “Much opinion makers only well-educated, intelligent century, of this.” is really aware part population that are of the like places in awareness and little ica and Europe, Africa and South Asia, has which seen forced much deal to with be you have may economic migration. “It poverty you can before deal with trafficking.” gree from Seton Hall in 2014, first went on the tripgree on Seton from in 2014, first went Hall Zanzibarto in 2011–2012, and returned as a student assistant in 2012–2013. says. Freamon we haven’t,” the Back then, century. nineteenth those of the lar to focus was money on donating groups trying to fight to it, public education campaigns, gov and shaming the - - Despite all the public attention, “it’s an ongoing an ongoing “it’s public attention, Despite the all isorganized trafficking run by of human “Much dicta- where a particular in countries problem It’s was the in studying triggered while interest Her - situa the anticipate Despite laws, the she doesn’t And contemporary have slavery and exploitation - is a semiautono which His first tripto Zanzibar,

problem. There are probably more more people enslaved probably are There problem. Lawrance says. ever,” than who directs Terror the Louise Shelley, says crime,” Crime, and Corruption at Center ism, Transnational George Mason in Fairfax, University “Or Virginia. ganized crime needs always corruption function.” to resources, leaving natural country’s the taken have tors less money social for services,- likeli leads the which to hood it time same the At trafficking. needs of more the officials, of government complicity agents, border and flourish, it to she says. for enforcement law former Soviet went shortly after its Union It collapse. beingfrom and traf- with an area limited prostitution centers. She to the global ficking becomingof one “with a prostitution, would see into forced women them.” to next goon sitting will uproot change more Climate tion will improve. to disrupt people societies.continue and conflicts - Shel in crises,” disproportionately suffer “Women leysays. past. the ties to strong a professor Bernard Freamon, Seton in Newark, Hall at of law works to New Jersey, connection Zan alive, taking to the make students - The island became slave a major zibar each winter. 1800s. in the trading center was on vacation 1980s. in the mous part of Tanzania, “The history of slavery trade in and slave Zanzibar is palpable.”

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