Ayahuasca Chega Aos EUA Uma Viagem a Preseli Em Busca De Sons Do Passado

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Ayahuasca Chega Aos EUA Uma Viagem a Preseli Em Busca De Sons Do Passado Em colaboração com INTERNATIONAL WEEKLY TERÇA-FEIRA, 24 DE JUNHO DE 2014 Copyright © 2014 The New York Times Indícios sobre o som do passado Por DOUGLAS QUENQUA É uma cena conhecida: mi- lhares de pessoas reunidas em Stonehenge para festejar, cantar, tocar tambores e farrear sob a al- vorada. Não faltam teorias sobre os propósitos do monumento, mas surgiram novos indícios de que o local sempre teve por objetivo sediar festividades ou, mais espe- cificamente, ser palco de shows. Pesquisadores descobriram que algumas das rochas que integram o monumento, se percu- tidas, produzem um barulho forte e estridente. Eles dizem que isso talvez explique por que essas ro- chas foram escolhidas e carrega- das por cerca de 300 quilômetros até o local, um feito técnico signifi- cativo, 4.000 anos atrás. Será que Stonehenge foi cons- truído para servir como um instrumento pré-histórico de percussão? “As pessoas gostariam de sa- ber por que as bluestones foram transportadas a Stonehenge”, diz Paul Devereux, um dos autores do estudo. De fato, os cientistas sabem há muito tempo que muitas das rochas de Stonehenge vieram das colinas Preseli, no oeste do JOSH COCHRAN País de Gales. O que nunca esteve claro foi o motivo. A ideia de que essas rochas fos- sem usadas para produzir música —ou barulho— ocorreu a Deve- reux e seu colega Jon Wozencroft, do Royal College of Art, durante Ayahuasca chega aos EUA uma viagem a Preseli em busca de sons do passado. Eles descobriram que, em algu- Alucinógeno amazônico é usado por pessoas que buscam o autoconhecimento mas áreas de Preseli, uma rocha conhecida como diabásio, ou dole- Por BOB MORRIS lodias rituais. a ayahuasca é uma viagem de move uma boa conexão men- e inibidores da monoamina rito, um dos tipos de rochas encon- Numa noite recente, no Uma participante se aco- purificação psicológica.” te-corpo”, disse Rick Doblin, oxidase, que promovem vi- trados em Stonehenge, produzia Brooklyn, 12 pessoas na casa modou para a “viagem”, que Ela não é um caso isolado. da Associação Multidiscipli- sões psicodélicas e euforia. um som parecido com o de um sino dos 20 e 30 anos foram a um duraria a noite inteira e para Em um mundo cada vez mais nar de Estudos Psicodélicos, Pesquisadores estudam metálico quando percutida. Em espaço comunitário onde um a qual havia pago US$ 150. dominado pelo tempo passa- em Santa Cruz, Califórnia, e se a ayahuasca poderia ser julho de 2013, os pesquisadores xamã colombiano as espera- Seguindo instruções re- do diante de telas, não pelo doutor em política pública pela usada para ajudar pessoas receberam permissão para testar va. Elas assinaram um termo cebidas por e-mail, ela tinha tempo de sonho, muitas das Universidade Harvard. “Você a se libertar da dependência algumas das rochas diabásicas de de responsabilidade e rece- passado vários dias sem álco- mesmas pessoas que pra- tem uma sensação de ilumina- de muitas substâncias, desde Stonehenge. Já que as bluestones beram grandes recipientes ol, carne vermelha, alimentos ticam ioga e meditação há ção interior no cérebro.” cigarros e álcool até metan- (termo britânico para todas as de plástico para vômito. condimentados, queijo forte e anos procuram um catalisa- Ou, como disse William fetaminas. A ibogaína (subs- rochas do local) de Stonehenge Em seguida, cada pessoa televisão. Tinha se abstido de dor mais dramático para seu Burroughs em carta a Allen tância derivada da casca de estão fincadas no solo, as expecta- se levantou para receber uma sexo e não estava tomando crescimento interior. Ginsberg incluída no livro uma árvore africana, com tivas não eram elevadas. xícara de líquido espesso e antidepressivos. Mas aquelas que atestam “The Yage Letters”, sobre sua propriedades psicoativas e “É preciso que exista algum es- amarronzado, com sabor de Seria sua segunda experi- a utilidade da ayahuasca experiência com ayahuasca proibida nos Estados Unidos), paço, algum ar, em torno delas pa- ervas. ência com a ayahuasca des- (muitas dizem que é como no Panamá, em 1953, “tive pri- é usada em outros países, en- ra que ressoem”, disse Devereux. Era o chá de ayahuasca, in- de fevereiro, um mês após a fazer dez anos de terapia em meiro uma sensação de sabe- tre eles Canadá, México e No- Mesmo assim, muitas das pedras fusão alucinógena amazônica morte de seu marido, que era uma noite apenas) também doria serena, de modo que me va Zelândia, para combater a produziram sons ocos, semelhan- que os participantes espera- peruano. A participante tinha avisam que o chá precisa contentei em ficar sentado ali dependência de heroína. tes aos de sinos. Algumas também vam que lhes proporcionasse tomado o chá em Lima alguns ser tratado com seriedade. por tempo indeterminado”. “Trata-se de um composto pareciam portar marcas de per- iluminações pessoais, por anos atrás. Ela pediu anoni- Descrevem as experiências A julgar por sites na inter- fascinante. Há muito a ser cussão. Devereux e Wozencroft meio de alucinações óticas e mato para não prejudicar seu que vivem sob a influência net, livros e conferências, o in- aprendido com seus efeitos”, não são os primeiros a perceber auditivas. trabalho como professora dele como “trabalho” porque, teresse pela ayahuasca —um disse o psiquiatra Charles que as rochas de Preseli ecoam: Depois de beber o chá, universitária em Nova York. além de fazê-las vomitar e às chá feito com a mistura de du- Grob, do Centro Médico Har- uma cidade próxima leva o nome aguardaram no escuro, à luz “Este é um momento de vezes ter diarreia, podem ser as plantas amazônicas, uma bor-U.C.L.A., na Califórnia, de Maenclochog, que significa de uma vela. O xamã tocou transição para mim, e quero assustadoras. delas um cipó e outra uma fo- que ajudou um estudo reali- “pedras tilintantes”. Algumas instrumentos tradicionais de me manter aberta”, tinha dito “A ayahuasca precisa ser lha— vem crescendo. Juntas, igrejas locais usavam essas pe- cordas e sopros e entoou me- na noite anterior. “Para mim, usada com cuidado, mas pro- as duas plantas contêm DMT Continua na pág. 2 dras como sinos até o século 18. Há pedras sonoras em Gales, na Suécia, na China, na Austrália e nos Estados Unidos. Entre as cul- turas da antiguidade, pedras que Máquina produzem sons eram ocasional- retira metano mente vistas como dotadas de po- Cresce mercado para de esterco deres místicos. Isso pode explicar para gerar por que as rochas sonoras estão eletricidade em Stonehenge. o ‘direito de poluir’ Por que algumas rochas ecoam quando percutidas? “Elas não são entrou em ope- ocas, como as pessoas tendem a Por JUSTIN GILLIS cheques, ficamos entusias- ração em 2005, acreditar”, diz Maja Hultman, ar- KEWAUNEE, Wisconsin mados”, disse Pagel. passou a ser con- queóloga da Universidade de Upp- - Bryan T. Pagel, produtor O programa da Califórnia siderado um estu- sala, na Suécia. O som tampouco de laticínios, observava o é a última encarnação de um do de caso do que é causado por fendas nas pedras. líquido brilhante de esterco mecanismo conhecido como pode dar errado As fendas provavelmente resul- de vaca diluído que desapa- “cap and trade” [limite e ne- com um sistema tam de elas terem sido percutidas, recia por um ralo. Ao fundo, gociação], que surgiu como semelhante. diz Hultman. uma máquina decompunha o uma arma básica contra o No início, os Lawrene Malinconico, geólogo esterco e captava um subpro- aquecimento global. reguladores con- do Lafayette College, na Pensil- duto chamado metano, pode- Da China à Noruega, go- fiaram que as vânia, atribui a sonoridade a uma roso gás do efeito estufa. Um vernos de todo o mundo estão empresas lhes combinação de densidade e com- enorme motor de escavadei- exigindo que as indústrias SALLY RYAN PARA THE NEW YORK TIMES diriam quanto posição. O diabásio, com presença ra rugia enquanto queimava comprem autorizações que gases estufa es- abundante de ferro e magnésio, o metano para gerar eletri- lhes permitam emitir níveis há esse sistema está próximo se Myles R. Allen, importante tavam emitindo. Como es- passou cerca de 170 milhões sob a cidade, mantendo-o fora da predeterminados de gases de um bilhão, ou 14% da popu- cientista climático britânico, ses números seriam usados terra antes de emergir e esfriar. atmosfera. do efeito estufa. Esses níveis lação mundial. da Universidade de Oxford. para definir o limite inicial “Quando as rochas esfriam, o O aparato de US$ 3,2 mi- são constantemente reduzi- Para Frank A. Wolak, eco- “Mas eu acho que o sistema de emissões, as companhias processo se parece com o de forja lhões também reduz os odo- dos enquanto o custo das au- nomista da Universidade que existe hoje é ineficaz.” obviamente exageraram. de um sino de ferro fundido”, diz res na Granja Ponderosa de torizações aumenta, gerando Stanford, na Califórnia, o ob- Na última década, os crédi- Em 2006, quando finalmente Malinconico. As rochas são den- Pagel, uma das maiores do um incentivo econômico para jetivo hoje é mostrar que esse tos de carbono tornaram-se ficou claro que elas haviam sas o bastante para produzir um Wisconsin. No entanto, ele que as empresas cortem as sistema funciona e incentivar uma commodity. A empresa feito isso, o preço das autori- som agudo. não teria sido construído sem emissões. sua adoção. Thomson Reuters Point Car- zações despencou em questão A revelação de que Stonehenge uma fonte de dinheiro surpre- O sistema incentiva as em- No entanto, na Europa, es- bon calcula que autorizações de horas. servia para fazer barulho pode não endente: uma iniciativa da presas a adotar tecnologia de se sistema já apresentou pro- representando mais de 9 bi- Então, justamente quando resolver a discussão sobre o seu Califórnia que investe mes- energia mais limpa ou a in- blemas, como oscilações de lhões de toneladas de emis- a Europa endurecia suas re- propósito original, diz Devereux, mo além de suas fronteiras vestir em projetos de controle preços.
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