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Vidas Inventadas REPORTAJE Vidas inventadas La camboyana Somaly Mam, que falseó su biografía para recaudar fondos para las esclavas del sexo, se ha unido a la lista de fabuladores que llevaron sus mentiras demasiado lejos reportajes pretendían reconstruir la cade- asiático. Mam logró atraer a su causa a el tráfico sexual. Ahora está vacía. Entre Por CRISTINA GALINDO na de mentiras fabricada por la activista. líderes políticas como Hillary Clinton y ac- 2003 y 2008, recibió 1,86 millones de euros Vecinos del pueblo natal de Mam, Thloc trices como Susan Sarandon y Meg Ryan. de la Agencia Española de Cooperación ecrióenunpequeñopueblode Chhroy, contaron que la vida de la peque- LadirectoradeoperacionesdeFacebook, Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Camboya, a orillas del río Me- ña Mam fue más normal de lo que ella Sheryl Sandberg, forma parte del consejo Elorganismohatenidoquerecurriral kong, con un hombre mayor al había relatado. Nadie recordaba al abuelo, de asesores de su organización. La reina BOE —por no poder comunicarse a través S que llamaba abuelo yquelamal- nialhombrequesupuestamentelacom- Sofía ha promovido su causa e incluso fue de un domicilio conocido— para reclamar trataba. Fue vendida a los 13 años y, tras pró. Un testigo la recordaba con sus pa- avisitarlaalhospitalcuandolaactivista alaramaespañolaquejustifiquefondos pasar por un matrimonio forzoso, acabó dres y, según una mujer de la edad de la cayó enferma en un viaje a Madrid. por 79.177 euros o los devuelva. Por lo en el mundo de la prostitución contra su activista, estudió hasta secundaria. Tam- En 1998, Mam recibió el premio Prínci- general estas reclamaciones no significan voluntad. Este terrorífico pasado ayudó a bién existen dudas sobre la veracidad del pedeAsturiascompartidoconotrasmuje- necesariamente que haya habido irregula- Somaly Mam, premio Príncipe de Asturias testimonio de una de las víctimas salvadas res, entre ellas Rigoberta Menchú. Fuen- ridades, sino que está pendiente de justifi- de Cooperación en 1998, a convertirse en por la fundación, Long Pros, que aseguró tes de la Fundación Príncipe de Asturias cación el dinero donado para un proyecto uno de los más populares símbolos de la que perdió un ojo a causa de los golpes indican que no está previsto retirarle el o que este no se ha realizado. En cualquier lucha contra la esclavitud sexual y a recau- propinados por un proxeneta furioso. Se- galardón. Los estatutos de la organiza- caso, la ONG ya no está activa en España, dar millones de dólares para su causa. Pe- gún su familia y su médico, fue por un ción, además, no recogen esa posibilidad. según apunta una antigua colaboradora. ro la supuesta pesadilla que fue su infan- tumor. Un exasesor de la fundación y el En España, la ONG abrió una oficina en Los reportajes de Simon Marks tuvie- cia ha quedado ahora en entredicho. La exmarido de Mam, el francés Pierre Le- Madrid, en la calle de Canarias, para im- ron un efecto relativamente limitado has- activista dimitió a finales de mayo des- gros, con quien se casó en 1991 tras aban- pulsar una campaña internacional contra ta que la historia salió en la revista estado- pués de que una investigación indepen- donar la prostitución, niegan que la hija unidense Newsweek afinalesdemayo.So- diente, encargada por su fundación tras de la activista fuera, como ella sostiene, maly Mam Foundation, la cara internacio- graves acusaciones periodísticas, hallara secuestrada por unos traficantes en ven- nal de la organización, nacida a partir de falsedades en su biografía. ganza por la labor de su madre. Legros la ONG Afesip Camboya y Afesip Laos, pi- Muchos de los detalles narrados por mantiene que se escapó con su novio. La fundación de Mam ha dió a una firma independiente que com- Mam —y por algunas de las muchachas Muchos de esos hechos ahora cuestio- recibido 1,86 millones probara el pasado de su presidenta. Las que asegura haber salvado— no encaja- nados fueron contados por ella en televi- conclusiones del informe no se han dado ban. Como tampoco cuadraban los deta- sión y en sus memorias, El silencio de la de la AECID, que ahora aconocer,peroprovocaronladimisiónde lles de las vidas fabuladas de otros perso- inocencia (2005). Su dura historia perso- Mam al frente a la organización. “Nadie najes que, bien por dinero o por reconoci- nal la hizo más famosa y dio más visibili- le exige que justifique quiere creer realmente que una mujer tan miento público, consiguieron engañar du- dad a su fundación, que ha recaudado mi- algunos fondos bella y encantadora, que defiende una cau- rante años a expertos, familiares, amigos y llones en ayudas para rescatar a miles de sa increíblemente noble, sea capaz de opinión pública. Las contradicciones deja- mujeres atrapadas en burdeles del sureste comportarse así”, opina Marks. “Con el ron al desnudo a Enric Marco, paso del tiempo, Somaly Mam que durante tres décadas fingió se convirtió en nuestra heroína ser preso del campo de concen- ylaadmirábamos,sincuestio- tración nazi de Flossenbürg; Ali- nar realmente lo que decía o cia Esteve Head, que se hizo pa- hacía”, añade. sar por víctima del 11-S sin ha- Mam no ha detallado qué es ber siquiera estado ese día en verdad y qué es mentira. Sus Nueva York y llegó a presidir defensores dicen que al menos una asociación de víctimas, y su vida inventada ha contribui- Rigoberta Menchú, la líder indí- do a recaudar más fondos con- gena guatemalteca que trufó su tra la esclavitud sexual. Sus de- biografía con alguna que otra tractores responden que supo- mentira piadosa. “Hay dos ti- ne un golpe para la credibilidad pos de mentirosos”, explica el de las ONG. El objetivo de las profesor de Psicología de la Uni- invenciones de Mam era recau- versidad de Murcia, José María dar fondos para ayudar a las Martínez Selva, autor de varios mujeres, pero también es cierto libros sobre el engaño. “El pri- que, como parte del éxito de mer tipo es el de los mentirosos sus campañas, su salario ha ido crónicos, que tienen muchas di- creciendo año a año hasta al- ficultades para controlar su con- canzar 138.000 dólares en 2012. ducta y están más cerca de la Las medias verdades y las psicopatología. El segundo co- medias mentiras son la salsa de rresponde a personas que utili- algunas biografías, como la de zan la mentira como un instru- Rigoberta Menchú, defensora mento para conseguir fama y de otra buena causa: los dere- dinero”, dice. En este último chos de los indígenas mayas grupo están Mam y Marco. que, entre 1978 y 1983, sufrie- El problema es que, cuanto ron la brutal represión perpetra- más tiempo pasa, más detalles da por el Ejército guatemalteco. dan y más inconsistente se vuel- Un genocidio que dejó unas ven sus historias. Somaly Mam 200.000 víctimas, entre muer- abrió, sin saberlo, la primera tos y desaparecidos. El libro brecha en su biografía en abril VÍCTIMA DEL 11-S. Alicia Esteve fingió ser una de las supervivientes de los atentados del 11-S y llegó a presidir una asociación en que catapultó a la activista has- de 2012. Ante un panel de exper- memoria de las víctimas. En la fotografía, con el alcalde Bloomberg (derecha) y el exalcalde Giuliani (detrás) en 2005. Foto: Getty ta el premio Nobel de la Paz, tos de Naciones Unidas afirmó Yo, Rigoberta Menchú,estápla- que el Ejército camboyano ha- gado de datos “inciertos”, con bía matado a ocho chicas durante una re- “experiencias que ella nunca vivió”, según dada en uno de sus centros de acogida. Psicópatas, tramposos y timadores las conclusiones del antropólogo norte- Tal afirmación no pasó desapercibida en americano David Stoll, publicadas a fina- Camboya. “La noticia fue cubierta amplia- ̈ Jean-Claude Romand. En el caso cheques falsos. Su vida fue contada por les de los noventa. El experto describió mente por los medios locales; altos cargos de este francés, que se hizo pasar por Spielberg en Atrápame si puedes. una cadena de inexactitudes, exageracio- de la policía y empleados de Naciones Uni- médico de la Organización Mundial de nes y falsedades, y concluyó que Menchú das en ese país lo negaron”, recuerda el la Salud durante años, la mentira acabo ̈ Stephen Glass y Tommasso utilizó en su autobiografía experiencias de periodista británico Simon Marks, que en- en tragedia. Vivió una doble vida Debenedetti. Estos periodistas no se otras personas en función de sus necesida- tonces trabajaba en el Cambodia Daily en durante años y, cuando estaban a inventaron sus vidas, sino las de los des. La líder indígena negó que hubiera Phnom Penh. La propia Mam admitió que punto de desenmascararle, mató a su demás. Escribieron con una sola fuente: mentido, si bien reconoció que el rigor había exagerado. familia en 1993. Inspiró a Emmanuelle su imaginación. Debenedetti publicó histórico no era su prioridad: “Mi madre Su excesiva tendencia a la invención Carrère para escribir El adversario. entrevistas a Philip Roth, Gore Vidal, fue violada, asesinada (...) Si fue o no fue era objeto de especulación desde hacía Toni Morrison... todas falsas. Glass fue comida por los animales, dejemos traba- tiempo entre las ONG del país y el rumor ̈ Frank Abagnale. Suplantó varias descubierto en 1998 tras publicar un jar a los investigadores, y puede ser que la llegó a Marks. “Fue así como empecé a personalidades (médico, abogado y reportaje con un supuesto hacker de 15 madre comida por los animales sea la ma- investigar”, cuenta desde Bruselas, donde piloto) en los años sesenta y cobró años que resultó ser una invención. dre de otra india”, dijo Menchú, que en trabaja ahora para el mismo rotativo. Sus 2007 fue candidata presidencial.
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