Simulation and Optimization for Railway Operations Management Andrea d’Ariano, Francesco Corman, Taku Fujiyama, Lingyun Meng, Paola Pellegrini

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Andrea d’Ariano, Francesco Corman, Taku Fujiyama, Lingyun Meng, Paola Pellegrini. Simulation and Optimization for Railway Operations Management. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2018, Hindawi, 3p, 2018, ￿10.1155/2018/4896748￿. ￿hal-02485859￿

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HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Hindawi Journal of Advanced Transportation Volume 2018, Article ID 4896748, 3 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4896748

Editorial Simulation and Optimization for Railway Operations Management

Andrea D’Ariano ,1 Francesco Corman,2 Taku Fujiyama,3 Lingyun Meng,4 and Paola Pellegrini 5

1 Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy 2ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 3University College London, London, UK 4Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China 5Institut Franc¸ais des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Amenagement´ et des Reseaux,´ Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France

Correspondence should be addressed to Andrea D’Ariano; [email protected]

Received 26 June 2018; Accepted 26 June 2018; Published 2 August 2018

Copyright © 2018 Andrea D’Ariano et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

In the forthcoming decades, railway transport is expected to Case of Beijing Subway Line 4” by M. Zhang et al., the authors face a signifcant growth of trafc fows which will mostly propose a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model for have to be accommodated over the existing infrastructures. the train scheduling with consideration of short turning An increase of capacity utilization is needed to avoid reduc- strategy and train circulation plan. Mixed-integer linear tion of reliability and punctuality of transport services. programming approach is used to solve this optimization Furthermore, energy-efcient operations and multimodality problem. Two case studies are carried out based on the opportunities are also topics of growing interest. data of Beijing subway line 4. Te simulation results show Intelligent railway operations management requires accu- that operation pattern with short turning train services can rate modelling and simulation of train and pedestrian trafc acquire a better train schedule to meet passenger demand and fows and optimal management of key decisions at strategic, a better train circulation plan. tactical, and operational levels. Tis special issue focuses In the paper titled “Integrated Optimization on Train on advanced mathematical modelling and optimal control Control and Timetable to Minimize Net Energy Consump- in the railway domain and related multimodal transport tion of Metro Lines,” Y. Zhou et al. present an integrated opti- networks. We aim to identify new methods for improving the mization model on train control and timetable to minimize efectiveness and efciency of railway operations, including the net energy consumption with consideration of utilizing the development of advanced algorithmic techniques for regenerative energy. An improved model and algorithms on timetabling, capacity management, infrastructure manage- train control are proposed to attain energy-efcient speed ment, and trafc and passengers fow management. profles. Case studies on Beijing Metro Line 5 illustrate that Tis special issue has selected a compendium of research the improved train control approach can save traction energy papers addressing recent theoretical and practical advances consumption by 20% in comparison with the commonly on railway operations management. 32 papers were submitted adopted train control sequence in timetable optimization. to this special issue, 14 of which were accepted for publication. In the paper titled “Application of Data Clustering to As the guest editors of this special issue, we next summarize Railway Delay Pattern Recognition” by F. Cerreto et al., the the 14 accepted papers. authors employ K-means clustering to identify recurrent In the paper titled “A Short Turning Strategy for Train delay patterns on a high trafc railway line north of Copen- Scheduling Optimization in an Urban Rail Transit Line: Te hagen, Denmark. Te clusters identify behavioral patterns 2 Journal of Advanced Transportation in the very large (“big data”) data sets generated automat- characteristic of TOD efciency, and nine indicators of ically and continuously by the railway signal system. Te ridership are selected as inputs of TOD. Te Tokyo Den-en results reveal where corrective actions are necessary, showing Toshi Line in Japan is investigated as a typical case of TOD. where recurrent delay patterns take place. Te demonstrated In the paper titled “Stop Plan of Express and Local methodology is scalable and can be potentially transferred to Train for Regional Rail Transit Line” by Q. Luo et al., the any system of transport. Logit model is used to analyze the behavior of passengers In the paper titled “Defning Reserve Times for Metro choosing trains by considering the sensitivity of travel time Systems: An Analytical Approach” by L. D’Acierno et al., andtraveldistance.Basedonthecompositionofpassenger the authors provide an analytical approach for determining travel time, an integer programming optimization model for operational parameters for metro systems so as to support train stop scheme is proposed, which aims at minimizing the the planning and implementation of energy-saving strategies. total passenger travel time for a certain regional rail line in Tey develop a suitable methodology for estimating reserve Shenzhen. Genetic Algorithms are used to solve the problem. times that represent the main rate of extra time needed to put Te simulation result shows the feasibility of the proposed eco-driving strategies in place. Te approach proposed by the model and the efciency of the proposed algorithm. authors is applied in Line 1 of the Naples metro system, whose In the paper titled “Fuzzy Approach in Rail Track service frequency was duly taken into account, to analyze Degradation Prediction” by M. Karimpour et al., an adaptive operation confgurations and to quantify the amount of saved network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model is energy. proposed to estimate rail track degradation for the curves and In the paper titled “Using Smart Card Data Trimmed by straight sections of Melbourne tram track system. A fuzzy TrainScheduletoAnalyzeMetroPassengerRouteChoice approach is proposed due to the nonlinear and noisy nature of with Synchronous Clustering,” W. Li et al. analyze smart the data according to the data that were available on the Mel- card data in Shanghai metro systems to understand mobility bourne tram network. Experimental results demonstrate that patterns. To do that, they cluster travelers and smart card the developed model is capable of estimating the long-term data transactions by looking at the pure travel time. Tis behavior of rail tracks and predicting the gauge values with is then appropriately converted to a model of route choice an R2 of 0.6 and 0.78 for curves and straights, respectively. throughout the network. Tey found out that those steps can In the paper titled “PULSim: User-Based Adaptable improve substantially the amount of insight into the travelers’ Simulation Tool for Railway Planning and Operations,” Y. behavior. Cui et al. introduce a user-based, customizable platform to In “A Simulation Platform for Combined Rail/Road providetheabilityofdefningsophisticatedworkfowsfor Transport in Multiyards Intermodal Terminals,” X. Chen et users. As the preconditions of the platform, the design aspects al. tackle multimodal freight terminals where the combina- formodellingthecomponentsofaGermanrailwaysystem tion between road and rail transport is investigated by means and building the workfow of railway simulation are elabo- of simulation in terminals featuring multiple rail yards. Te rated. Based on the model and the workfow, an integrated key features of the proposed approach based on Time Petri simulation platform with open interfaces is developed. Users Nets are an increased realism of train operations and con- andresearchersgaintheabilitytorapidlydeveloptheirown tainer movements in Qianchang railway terminal, including algorithms, supported by the tailored simulation process in a train routing dispatching rules. Te validation on historical fexible manner. data allows evaluating infuence of design parameters on In the paper titled “Te Planners’ Perspective on Train container operations. TimetableErrorsinSweden”byC.-W.Palmqvistetal.,typical In the paper titled “On Individual Repositioning Distance errors in train timetables of railways, relevant reasons, and along Platform during Train Waiting,” F. Leurent and X. potential benefts of new tools and processes are investigated Xie propose a stochastic model in which user's journey and reported through reviewing the state of practice and is decomposed into phases of, successively, walking in the the state of the art in timetable planning, studying the access station, platform positioning, waiting for boarding, research literature and railway management documents from train riding, and walking in the egress station. Egress times several European countries, and conducting interviews with and exit instants are random variables that are characterized timetable planners in Southern Sweden. by distribution and mass probability functions under closed In the paper titled “Calculation Method for Load Capacity form for both single and distributed walking speed. Maxi- of Urban Rail Transit Station Considering Cascading Fail- mum likelihood estimation is proposed and applied to a case ure,” J. Huang et al. quantify the capacity of urban rail transit study of commuter rail line in Paris, France, with satisfactory stations in terms of number of passengers. Teir paper relies numerical results. on an association network of facilities, set up based on the In the paper titled “Efciency Assessment of Transit- analysis of passenger service chain in station. Te analysis of Oriented Development by Data Envelopment Analysis: Case a case study of Lujiabang Road Station in Shanghai shows Study on the Den-en Toshi Line in Japan,” J. Guo et al. assess that this algorithm can search for capacity bottlenecks and the efciency of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), that help trace the load variation of facilities in diferent scenarios, is, an urban planning approach that encourages a modal providing support for passenger fow organization. shif from private to public transportation, by applying the In the paper titled “Optimal Operation of High-Speed Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Te ridership Trains Using Hybrid Model Predictive Control” by Y. Yang of public transportation is considered as the direct output et al., a control framework is proposed for the controller Journal of Advanced Transportation 3 design of an automatic train operation (ATO) system. Firstly, a piecewise linear system is constructed through piecewise linearization of the Chinese high-speed train’s nonlinear dynamics. Secondly, the piecewise linear system is trans- formed into a mixed logical dynamical system. For the latter system, a hybrid model predictive controller is designed to realize the precise control. Simulation results validate the efectiveness of the framework. Taken together, these 14 papers point to interesting research directions in mathematical modeling, simulation, and particularly optimization to tackle practically oriented railway operations management challenges in several coun- tries worldwide, including China, Denmark, Italy, France, Japan, Australia, Germany, and Sweden. Andrea D’Ariano Francesco Corman Taku Fujiyama Lingyun Meng Paola Pellegrini International Journal of Rotating Advances in Machinery Multimedia

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