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CAPSTONE THESIS: Inclusion of People with Disability in the Process of Planning Within the Community: Target Population: Deaf and Hard of Hearing

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CAPSTONE THESIS: Inclusion of People with Disability in the Process of Planning Within the Community: Target Population: Deaf and Hard of Hearing CAPSTONE THESIS: Inclusion of people with Disability in the process of planning within the community: Target Population: Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Melissa Manak University of North Carolina-Charlotte in Partnership with Gallaudet University August 2014 This capstone project examines the impacts of social movements through a multi-layered study of Urban Planning communities’ interaction with a disabled population, (in this case, the hearing-loss population). By examining this historically important case, I clarify the process by which movements transform social structures and the constraints movements face when they try to do so. The time period studied includes a university that has broken barriers between the city and university and its student population. It focuses on how students and city planners have changed the concept of Urban Planning, which now includes a Universal Design process and the advancement of The American Disability Act. This new concept, called ‘DeafSpace Planning’, is now gathering widespread awareness within the country. Keywords: Universal Design, Urban Planning, Gallaudet University, Hansel Bauman, Deaf Studies, and DeafSpace TABLE OF CONTENT: Page Number FOREWARD Acknowledgements 2 INTRODUCTION Prologue 3 Research and Problem Statement 4 LITERATURE REVIEW American Disability Act 4 Planning Process Urban Planning: Advocacy and Public Participation 5 Universal Design Planning 7 DeafSpace Planning 10 Gallaudet University 12 Deaf Identity 12 DATA AND METHODS Introduction to Methodology 14 Survey 15 Planners Interview and Community Meeting 16 DISCUSSION AND FINDINGS Result Introduction 17 Survey 17 Planners Interview and Community Meeting 23 CONCLUSION AND FURTHER DISCUSSIONS Summary 26 Works Cited 28 APPENDIX Certifications and Letters SECTION A IRB Approval Letter written by Hansel Bauman A1 IRB Agreement Letter between UNCC and Gallaudet A2 Survey Documents SECTION B Final Survey Design B1 Survey Results B2 Florida Avenue Study: SECTION C Interview-Adam and Eric C1 Florida Avenue Study #1 C2 Florida Avenue Study #2 C3 Florida Avenue Map C4 Interactive Activity C5 Interview-Hansel Bauman SECTION D 1 I want to say thank you to the following people who have been of great assistance to this thesis: Liletha Davidson If it wasn’t for your constant reminder to Hansel, this project wouldn’t have became what it has become. Your friendly nature made all the frustration subside as the intended target of completion became near. Hansel Bauman The project wouldn’t have succeeded if we didn’t collaborate, because of learning more about this field; more I want to continue with your assistance to bring this project around the country for the future stake of Deaf Space and Universal Design. Robert Sirvage Even though we didn’t collaborate until the end, your guidance with the survey was deeply appreciated. Gallaudet IRB Board Your suggestion for the survey was needed as a first time survey navigation through the IRB board. Students and Staff of Your input will make a hopeful change for the future of American Planning Association and Gallaudet University the urban planning community. Tyrel Moore Your guidance through this tricky and abnormal topic has been refreshing. Thank you for your honesty when I was Janni Sorensen In my defense, your feedback led me to right track in improvements of this thesis. Jamie Strickland Adam Vest The interview that both of you were willing to set a time for to discuss accessibility really is Eric Feldman valued. This is just simply a step one of a longer journey to help planners like you to navigate in a world that is ever changing. Jill Aparo-Burke The statistic master who assisted me in this long and difficult survey process. If It weren’t for your simplification, I would be still working on this paper. Julianne I needed a mentor when I was at my wits end, and you came along by advocating and Gold-Brunson empowering me to be a better person than I didn’t think I was. Justin Haugens If I didn’t have a husband like you, who has been patient and insistent to help me get this long process going in hopes of making a difference in the world for people with disability. I hope to assist you pursuing your dreams, whatever that may be as long as we are on each other side. 2 Introduction Imagine a life where no sound is being made except for small feet pattering around, and the only sound being made is the occasional pitch of noise caused by lively conversation between adults in a large public park that is ideally accessible. Within this existence, it is the home for many deaf individuals coming together to be part of a larger community. This is often an intriguing topic for others who are not familiar with “deaf code.” “Sound is a comfortable and familiar means of orienting oneself to the world. And its loss disrupts the way the world can be known. These images communicate the belief that deaf people cannot have access to the world because it is primarily conveyed by sound and especially by the spoken word. Instead they are locked ‘on the other side,’ behind “sound barriers,” and are condemned to a life lacking the depth of meaning that sound makes available to hearing people.”1 Throughout history in deaf communities many individuals often never were part of the larger world, which is now connected in so many ways. The community has adapted to and adopted new technologies that really impact their connection to rest of the world. “Communication and care for one another is recognized as a centerpiece of Deaf culture. Building and outdoors spaces designed to heighten sensory awareness and physical access offers both a unique aesthetic inspiration expressive of Deaf culture and a more inviting and comfortable urban experience.”2 Estimates from Gallaudet University stating people with some form of hearing loss in United States are between 22 and 33 million people, and it is important to note that as planners they are not observing those trends. They continue with other statistics as listed and are to be taken lightly since the numbers are estimates such as: • Approximately 550,000 people in the U.S. are "deaf," if deafness is defined as unable to hear and understand any speech. • Approximately 1,150,000 people in the U.S. are "deaf," if deafness is defined as able to hear, at best, words shouted into one's better ear. Located in Washington DC, Gallaudet University has been the academic center for this community for over one hundred years; however, the constant change of new social and technological forces has required the institute to adapt to include connection with the surrounding communities and neighborhoods. Due to gentrification around the university borders, the institute has begun a cutting-edge planning process called DeafSpace. “The study of DeafSpace offers valuable insights about the interrelationship among the senses, the ways we construct the built environment, and the cultural identity” of the deaf person from “whom society at large has much to learn.”3 It optimizes the use of maximum space targeted to the deaf and hard of hearing population, which means wider stairs and hallways, plenty of light, and seating areas arranged in circles or semicircles. Inclusive design planning can be effective and influential in other fields of Urban Planning focusing on the design for accessibility for underserved population. This is slightly different process incorporating people with disability with accessibility accommodations to allow those to have input in process. This process differs from collaborative planning, which allows empowering the stakeholders to make decision for their community but there are no accommodation prearranged beforehand of 1 Deaf in America: Voices from a Culture. P. 92 2 Request for qualifications regarding development of the university’s properties located along 6th street ne. Report no. Request for qualifications. P.4 3 "What Is DeafSpace?" Gallaudet University. Website. 3 meetings. Gallaudet University has paved this path by commencing collaborative accommodating planning design, which will be influential to the future of social and Urban Planning. The progression of this thesis was under a conference that was held by the National America Planning Association after a failure of accommodations for writer as undue hardship and absence of understanding of American Disability Act. This resulted an moment of awareness that envisioned a future in a world of planning that allowed planners to involve people of disability and Universal Design. It was under impression that we need to expand the word ‘diversity’ including Disability. The budding goal is to bring collaboration between Urban Planning and Universal Design beyond the requirements of the American Disabilities Act and perhaps welcome a new division within American Planning Association. Universal Design which has an impact of being effective and influential, with hopes to play significant role in future of social and urban planning as Gallaudet University have paved beginning stages of social planning design project targeting the deaf and hard of hearing population. The thesis will cover Deaf Space Planning Process by studying methods used as well eliciting feedback from deaf Individuals within the community. The question that will come up during the study, is Washington DC and Gallaudet using all their resources during their Deaf Space Process that would help the program expand during the initial stages? During the literature Review, This will be analyzed in way of understanding how Urban Planning works thus explaining
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