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Socio-Economic Assessment SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT Oromia IAIP and RTC Report Produced by: WSP in collaboration with Engineer Tequam Water Resources Development and Environment Consultancy (ETWRDEC) DATE: FEBUARY 2018 Socio-Economic Assessment – Oromia IAIP & RTC February 2018 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1 1.1 social areas of influence (AoI) – social study area ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 administrative and demographic environment ......................................................................................... 1 1.3 migration patterns .............................................................................2 1.4 land use, livelihood and vulnerability .......................................3 1.5 ethnicity, religion and language ..................................................4 1.6 education ...............................................................................................4 1.7 household income and expenditure .........................................4 1.8 existing infrastructure .................................................................... 5 1.9 national holidays ............................................................................... 6 2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE IN THE PROJECT AREA (BASED ON WSP SURVEY) ............................................... 8 2.1 methodology ....................................................................................... 8 2.2 gender and age ................................................................................... 8 2.3 education .............................................................................................. 9 2.4 employment ...................................................................................... 10 2.5 asset ownership ............................................................................... 10 2.6 household income and expenditures ...................................... 11 2.7 sources of freshwater ...................................................................... 11 2.8 health situation ................................................................................. 12 2.9 project expectations ....................................................................... 12 2.10 socio-economic receptor identification and classification ....................................................................................... 12 3 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS ........................................... 14 3.1 employment and the economy .................................................. 14 3.2 land acquisition and impact on livelihoods ......................... 15 3.3 community health............................................................................ 15 3.4 community safety and security ................................................. 16 Socio-Economic Assessment – Oromia IAIP & RTC February 2018 3.5 environmental emissions ............................................................. 17 3.6 community infrastructure and services (including health facilities) .......................................................... 18 4 SUGGESTED MITIGATION MEASURES ................... 20 4.1 employment and economy - mitigation measures ............................................................................................. 20 4.2 impacts on livelihood through resettlement and land acquisition - mitigation measures ....................... 20 4.3 impacts on community health - mitigation measures .............................................................................................. 21 4.4 impacts on community safety and security - mitigation measures ...................................................................... 22 4.5 impacts from environmental emissions - mitigation measures ...................................................................... 22 4.6 impacts on community infrastructure & services - mitigation measures ................................................. 22 5 SUMMARY ................................................................................24 6 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION .............................. 26 6.1 record of stakeholder meetings ............................................... 26 Socio-Economic Assessment – Oromia IAIP & RTC February 2018 1 INTRODUCTION This Chapter of the report provides a demographic, cultural and economic overview of the Project Area and also describes the physical infrastructure and services available in the Social Study Area. The data was collection through desktop research (on national and regional data) and also household survey and interviews with key informants and project affected people (for the site-related data). The purpose of collecting this information was to obtain baseline data for conducting the impact assessment and to monitor and measure the progress against the potential future changes to the Social Study Area due to the implementation of the Project. Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa and it is bordered by Eritrea to the north and northeast, Djibouti and Somalia to the east and southeast, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. It is the second most populous country in Africa, with a population of 97 million people across a total area of 1.1 million square kilometres (km2). The proposed Bulbulla IAIP site is located approximately 1.5km north of the Bulbulla Town within the East Shewa administrative zone in the Central Eastern Oromia Region. Bulbulla town is located approximately 130 km South of Addis Ababa, the country's capital city, with the IAIP located in the East Shewa administrative zone. The Shashemene site designated for the RTC development is located on the northern edge of the town of Shashemene, 27 km north of Awassa, and 65 km south of the Bulbulla IAIP. The proposed Bulbulla IAIP is a pilot facility with a site area of 263.007 hectares (ha) out of a total 1,000 ha of land that has been identified for potential use. Based on the success of the project the IAIP will be expanded within the remainder of the identified land. The 263 ha IAIP is comprised of a processing area of 239.73 ha and a non-processing area of 23.36 ha. The Shashemene RTC site covers an extent of 10.108 ha which consists of mixed agricultural land, occasional trees and a dirt cart track that runs through the centre of the site in a north- south direction. Based on the data provided by the developer and local authorities, the proposed Oromia project affects in total 287 individuals (including 252 and 35 individuals affected by the IAIP and RTC respectively), where these people could be affected through physical or economic displacement or a combination of both. More details on economic and physical displacement on the Bulbulla and Shashemene sites can be found in the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). 1.1 SOCIAL AREAS OF INFLUENCE (AOI) – SOCIAL STUDY AREA The Area of Influence (AoI) can be defined as the area likely to be affected by the proposed Project activities during the pre-construction, construction, operations and closure / decommissioning phases. Given the nature of the Project and its anticipated impacts, the Project AoI for socio-economic aspects and the associated baseline description covers: The area likely to be affected by the proposed Project activities during the pre- construction, construction, operations and closure / decommissioning phases; The IAIP site area from where the affected individuals could be relocated by the Government; The area occupied by the IAIP’s auxiliary infrastructure, including the access road and a construction camp location; and New locations where the affected people could move to. 1.2 ADMINISTRATIVE AND DEMOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT Ethiopia is divided into nine National Regional States and two city administrations. Each state is drawn along ethno-linguistic lines and is endowed with a degree of self–rule. Each state is headed by a state president which is elected by the state council. These states are further divided into 103 Zones (sub-regions), 800 Woredas (districts), and 15,000 Kebeles (the lowest administrative units). Each Regional State (including Oromia) has its own regional government. Socio-Economic Assessment – Oromia IAIP & RTC February 2018 Page | 1 The IAIP site is located within the Oromia Region. The Oromia region is one of the nine regional state members of FDRE government established by the 1995 constitution provisions. Administratively, Oromia is divided into 20 administrative zone and 261 Weredas. Important cities and towns in the Oromia region include: Adama, Ambo, Asella, Bishoftu, Chiro, Dembidolo, Fiche, Gimbi, Robe, Goba, Dello Buna, Jimma, Metu, Negele Boran, Moyale, Nekemte, Shashamane, Haramaaya and Waliso. The proposed Bulbulla IAIP site falls under the jurisdiction of Bulbulla Town within the East Shewa administrative zone which is located in the Central Eastern Oromia Region, connecting the western regions to the eastern ones. This zone is bordered on the south by the West Arsi Zone, on the southwest by the SNNP Region, on the west by South west Shewa and Oromia Special Zone, on the northwest by North Shewa, on the north by the Amhara Region, on the northeast by the Afar Region, and on the southeast by Arsi. Fig 1-1: Location of the Bulbulla IAIP and Central Eastern Oromia Region vis-à-vis the country territory The main towns and cities in East Shewa include: Bishoftu (Debre Zeit), Metehara, and Ziway and 12 Woredas:
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