Chapter Three Waste 1

Municipal 2 waste makes up 19 per cent of the total amount of waste produced in the city. Construction and demolition waste accounts for 62 per cent, commercial and industrial waste 18 per cent and other waste 1 percent. The amount and destination of these types of waste is not clear on a local level but figures are available on a joint level with . 3

Part 1: Municipal Waste

Indicator 23 Waste Arising per Household

Household waste collected that is not sent for reuse, recycling or composting per head of the population increased in 2009/10 to 629.3kg. This is contrary to the trends we have seen in the city over the last few years and is above the national average at 561.47kg. 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 N191 Total Residual Household Waste per Household (kg/household) 800

N191 Total 655.7 634.2 603.6 617.64 605.28 750 Residual Waste 700 per Household (kg/household) 650

600 BHCC 550 Cheltenham The Office of National Statistics shows our Nearest Neighbours as the four 500 authorities that are most similar based on key population characteristics. 450 These authorities are used for benchmarking purposes in the graph to the left and in addition, Southampton has been benchmarked. 400

350

300 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 (qtr 1&2 x 1 All data relating to municipal waste was supplied from Cityclean at & Hove City Council, 2011 2) 2 All waste under control by Brighton & Hove City Council, includes household and street cleaning waste 3 East Sussex and Brighton & Hove Preferred Strategy, Waste and Minerals Development Framework, Consultation Indicator 24 Percentage of municipal waste sent to landfill & biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) land- filled as a percentage of BMW allocation for Brighton & Hove NI193 Percentage of Municipal Waste Sent To Landfill

80% The percentage of our waste sent to landfill has been consistently decreasing for a number of years. 4 Landfill waste is sent to Horton in 70% , this follows Beddingham landfill site in East Sussex reaching full capacity. 60%

50% BHCC 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 Edinburgh

40% Bournemouth % of waste sent 68.5% 59.1% 48.6% 44.1% Cheltenham to landfill Bristol 30% Mainly sent to: Beddingham Beddingham Beddingham Horton Southampton

BMW land-filled - 82% 72% 74.02% 20% as a percentage of BMW allocations 10% for Brighton & Hove 5 0% 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 (qtr 1&2) The graph (above right) right shows Brighton & Hove’s performance against other similar authorities.

4 Cityclean data, Brighton & Hove City Council 5 Annual Monitoing Report, 2009

The diagram to the left provides a breakdown of the typical waste found in bins in Brighton & Hove that is sent to landfill or an ‘Energy from Waste’ facility. 6

What about food waste?

Food waste accounts for 35 per cent of waste that households in the city throw away, and this is taken to landfill or incineration. When land filled, food waste produces methane, a damaging greenhouse gas. According to national research by Waste Resources Action Programme the proportion of this food waste which is avoidable or possibly avoidable amounts

to 81 percent.

Indicator 25 Percentage of municipal waste sent to an ‘Energy from Waste’ facility

Waste sent to ‘’Energy from Waste’’ facilities (incineration) has been increasing significantly year on year. The two main facilities this is transported to are based in and . An “Energy from Waste” facility is under development at Newhaven and the city’s domestic waste is due to be transported there from 2011. 7

2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 % of waste sent to 2.3% 10.7% 20.6% 28.1% Energy from Waste Mainly sent to: Portsmouth and Portsmouth and Portsmouth and Allington Allington Allington

6 Brighton & Hove City Council Waste Strategy Indicator 26 Percentage of Municipal Waste Recycled and Composted NI192 Percentage HH waste sent for Reuse, Recycling or Composting The percentage of waste recycled decreased from 24.9 percent in 70%

2008/09 to 23.4 percent in 2009/10, whilst composting rates 65% remained the same at 3.6 percent. Our combined recycling and 60% composting rate in 2009/10 was 27.4 percent, this compares against the national average of 39.7 percent. The national average includes 55% BHCC rural authorities which generally have higher recycling and 50% Edinburgh composting rates than urban authorities like ours. 45% Bournemouth Cheltenham The graph to the right also benchmarks Brighton & Hove against our 40% Bristol Southampton group of ‘family authorities’. 35%

30% 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 25% % of waste 22.9% 24.4% 24.9% 23.4% recycled 20% 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 (qtr 1&2) Tonnes recycled 25,837 27,389 27,334 25,983

% waste 3.3% 3.4% 3.6% 3.6% Composted Tonnes 3,753 3,857 3,986 3,955 composted

7 (http://www.veoliaenvironmentalservices.co.uk/southdowns/Facilities/Energy-Recovery-Facility/ )

Indicator 27 Levels of Street Cleanliness

NI 195 – Litter Detritus Graffiti Fly- This indicator relates to local environmental cleanliness and Brighton & posting reports on the percentage of relevant land and highways that is Hove assessed as having deposits of litter, detritus, graffiti and fly- 2008/09 7% 14% 5% 6% posting that fall below an acceptable level. All four elements of this indicator show a positive direction of travel. 8 2009/10 9% 12% 3% 5% 2010/11 7% 9% 2% 3%

Indicator 28 Fly-tipping

2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2009/10 This information relates to the number of fly-tips reported via Fly-tipping - 1997 2338 2307 1629 the public and collected within 24hrs. Fly-tipping is the illegal total dumping of waste. It can vary in scale significantly from a bin bag of rubbish to large quantities of waste by trucks. Fly-tipped waste may be found anywhere, such as roadsides, in lay-bys or on private land. Apart from an increase in incidences in 2007/08 there has been a general reduction in the number of reported fly-tips. 9

8 Information supplied from Cityclean at Brighton & Hove City Council, 2011 9 Information supplied from Cityclean at Brighton & Hove City Council, 2011

Part 2: Commercial and Industrial (C&I) Waste

Despite large quantities of C&I waste being generated it is difficult to get accurate data because it is commercially sensitive.

Composition and quantity of commercial and industrial waste 10

In 2011 a piece of research was commissioned by the council working jointly with East and West Sussex County Council’s looking into the composition and quantities of waste being generated by different business types.

A waste analysis was undertaken on the composition of waste from 62 businesses. The research has shown that the C&I waste stream is diverse and unsurprisingly the type of business has a significant impact on the waste being generated.

The figure to the left shows the total weight of residual waste (showing breakdown of types of waste) generated over a week by the 62 businesses sampled. Overall 31% of the residual wastes sampled from the businesses were ‘widely’ recyclable with a further 6% ‘possibly’ recyclable. In addition 29% of total residual wastes were organic (food waste, garden waste and wooden products) – therefore 65.5% of the waste could potentially be recovered for recycling or composting 11 .

Data collected on the composition and weight of recycling from over 200 businesses showed significant variation in the composition and quantity of recycling depending upon the sector and size of the business.

10 Information supplied from Cityclean at Brighton & Hove City Council, 2011 11 Pathway to Zero Waste Briefing Paper Commercial and Industrial Waste - Data collection for the development of a C&I Data Toolkit 2011

Part 3: Construction and Demolition Waste

Construction and Demolition waste accounts for approximately 60 per cent of the waste stream within the city.

Site Waste Management Plans – Brighton & Hove City Council Planning Department Site Waste Management Plan Regulations came into effect in April 2008 and in Brighton & Hove this means that all development over five units (housing) or 500sqm built development area (for offices/industrial/business/retail) should submit a Site Waste Management Plan. The table below describes how each approved development, which submitted a planning sustainability checklist between April 2009 and March 2010, will manage their waste via a Site Waste Management Plan. Of the 50 developments which submitted a Sustainability Checklist in 2009/10; over a third of the developments intended to implement best practice which involves reusing or recycling all waste on site 12 :

How comprehensive a site management plan will be produced and implemented by the Total developer? Site Waste Management Plan or Waste Minimisation Statement demonstrates that construction waste will 17 be reused and recycled onsite Site Waste Management Plan or Waste Minimisation Statement demonstrates that there will be full waste 14 segregation and the use of a waste contractor with dedicated recycling, reclamation and composting facilities Site Waste Management Plan or Waste Minimisations Statement demonstrates that there will be waste 18 stream segregation carried out by the contractor Not Met 1

12 Annual Monitoring Report, 2009. The data referenced here is only capturing those developments that submitted a SWMP at the planning application stage, and the legislation only requires it to be submitted before development commences, so its likely that more SWMP’s than that were prepared but just haven’t been recorded by the current monitoring processes.