DOCSLIB.ORG

VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS Lina Borkertaitė

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS Lina Borkertaitė VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS POLITIKOS MOKSLŲ IR DIPLOMATIJOS INSTITUTAS REGIONISTIKOS KATEDRA Lina Borkertaitė KORĖJIEČIŲ TAUTINĖS MAŽUMOS SITUACIJA IR ĮVAIZDŽIAI JAPONIJOJE Magistro baigiamasis darbas Rytų Azijos regiono studijų programa, valstybinis kodas 62602S106 Politikos mokslų studijų kryptis Vadovas (-ė) ___Seo Jinseok_____ ____________ ___________ (Moksl. laipsnis, vardas, pavardė) (Parašas) (Data) Apginta ___________________ ____________ ___________ (PMDF dekanas) (Parašas) (Data) Kaunas, 2009 TURINYS SANTRAUKA................................................................................................................. 2 SUMMARY......................................................................................................................3 ĮVADAS...........................................................................................................................5 1. TAUTINĖS MAŽUMOS, JŲ INTEGRACIJA, LENKIJOS LIETUVIŲ ATVEJIS...........................................................................................................................9 1.1 Teoriniai tautinių mažumų adaptacijos, integracijos ir asimiliacijos aspektai.......9 1.2. Lenkijos lietuvių atvejis......................................................................................14 1.2.1. Istorinis lietuvių tautinės mažumos susiformavimas Lenkijoje..................14 1.2.2. Lietuvių tautinio švietimo situacija............................................................18 1.2.3. Lietuvių gyvenimo Lenkijoje socialiniai, teisiniai ir politiniai aspektai.....20 2. ZAINICHI KORĖJIEČIŲ SITUACIJA JAPONIJOJE................................................25 2.1. Zainichi korėjiečių identiteto tipai pagal Fukuoką..............................................25 2.2. Teisinis Zainichi korėjiečių statusas Japonijoje..................................................26 2.2.1. Mindan ir Chongnyeon ...............................................................................26 2.2.2. Pilietybės klausimas....................................................................................30 2.3. Zainichi korėjiečių integracijos į Japonijos visuomenę problemos.....................31 3. ZAINICHI KORĖJIEČIŲ ĮVAIZDŽIAI JAPONIJOJE..............................................35 3.1. Tautiniai stereotipai ir žiniasklaida.....................................................................35 3.2. Zainichi korėjiečių įvaizdžiai Japonijoje ir jų kaita............................................36 3.3. Empirinio tyrimo rezultatai.................................................................................40 IŠVADOS........................................................................................................................51 LITERATŪROS SĄRAŠAS..........................................................................................53 PRIEDAI 2 SANTRAUKA Ryšium su Korėjos okupacija, didelė korėjiečių dalis buvo priverstinai atvežti į Japoniją arba vyko patys, neturėdami kitos išeities susirasti darbą ir pragyventi. Dėl šios priežasties dabar Japonijoje egzistuoja sąlyginai didelė, tačiau mažai žinoma korėjiečių tautinė mažuma ne tik Vakaruose, bet ir pačioje Japonijoje. Korėjiečiai Japonijoje vadinama zainichi korėjiečiais arba tiesiog zainichi. Šiame darbe siekiama išanalizuoti korėjiečių tautinės mažumos (zainichi korėjiečių) situaciją ir įvaizdžius Japonijoje.. Pirmoje darbo dalyje apžvelgiami teoriniai tautinių mažumų adaptacijos, integracijos ir asimiliacijos aspektai. Paimamas Lenkijos lietuvių tautinės mažumos atvejis palyginimui su korėjiečių tautinės mažumos situacija Lenkijoje, siekiant geriau suprasti ir priartinti lietuvio ir europiečio sąmonei zainichi korėjiečių padėtį Japonijoje. Tiek lietuviai Lenkijoje, tiek korėjiečiai Japonijoje atsidūrė mažumų padėtyje dėl istorinių aplinkybių. Lenkija vykdo draugiškesnę politiką mažumų atžvilgiu nei Japonija, kuri siekia išlaikyti homogenišką visuomenę asimiliuodama kitataučius. Kai tuo tarpu Lenkija pripažįsta tautinių mažumų egzistavimą. Nors pripažinimas teisiniame lygmenyje dar negarantuoja diskriminacijos nebuvimo socialiniame. Antroje darbo dalyje gilinamasi į teisinę zainichi korėjiečių padėtį, pilietybės klausimą bei integracijos į Japonijos visuomenę problemas. Nustatyta, jog zainichi korėjiečių padėtis po truputį švelnėja – suteiktas specialusis nuolatinai gyvenančiojo statusas, jiems panaikintas pirštų antspaudų pridavimo reikalavimas, tačiau net ir Japonijoje gimę, japonų kalba kalbantys kaip gimtąja kalba korėjiečių vaikai neturi Japonijos pilietybės. Zainichi korėjiečiai neturėdami Japonijos pilietybės susiduria su eile diskriminacijos formų apgyvendinimo, įdarbinimo ir socialinių interakcijų srityse. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje tyrinėjami zainichi korėjiečių įvaizdžiai Japonijoje. Neigiami stereotipai (nešvarūs, tingūs, linkę į nusikaltimus), susiformavę dar kolonijiniais laikais formuoja dabartinius įvaizdžius. Tačiau gana naujai atsiradęs hallyu fenomenas skatina naują teigiamą japonų požiūrį į korėjiečius, nors nėra aiškios ilgalaikės tokio pokyčio tendencijos. Atliktas empirinis kokybinės turinio analizės tyrimas internetiniame dienraštyje Japan Times Online atskleidė zainichi korėjiečių identiteto transformaciją. Šalia dviejų alternatyvų pasirinkti arba korėjietišką, arba japonišką identitetą atsirado kitas variantas – natūralizacijos būdu įgyti Japonijos pilietybę, bet kartu išlaikyti korėjietišką identitetą, kartais pasiliekant ir korėjietišką vardą. 3 SUMMARY When Korea was occupied by Japan, a lot of Koreans were brought to the country by force or came here voluntarily without having another possibility to find a job and make a living. Due to the reason, in Japan the Korean national minority is quite large, yet, barely known both in the West and inside Japan. Koreans are called Zainichi Koreans or simply Zainichi in Japan. The objective of this work is to analyse the current situation of the Korean national minority, or Zainichi Koreans, and their existing images in Japan. The first part of this paper is aimed at presenting theoretical aspects of the adaptation, integration, and assimilation of national minorities in another country. In order to make the situation of Zainichi Koreans in Japan more comprehensive to the Lithuanian and European perception of such issues, in the same part of the work the case of the Lithuanian national minority in Poland is introduced, so as to make a comparison between it and the situation of the Korean minority in Japan. Both Lithuanians in Poland and Koreans in Japan became minorities in the respective countries because of historical circumstances. Yet, Poland’s policy was friendlier with respect to the way national minorities were treated in Japan, where it was intended to have a homogenous society through the assimilation of the foreign-born. In the meantime, Poland recognises the existence of national minorities, although the legal acceptance does not mean there is no social discrimination in the country. In the second part of this paper the focus is placed on discussing the legal status of Zainichi Koreans in Japan, the issue of the citizenship and problems related to the integration into the Japanese society. It has been revealed that the situation of Zainichi Koreans is improving: they have been granted a special status as permanent residents and the requirement to submit their fingerprints for the registry has been cancelled. However, Korean children born in Japan and speaking the local language as if it was their mother-tongue do not have Japanese citizenship. Consequently, Zainichi Koreans who do not have the citizenship of the country face various discrimination forms in such spheres as housing, employment and social interactions. The third part of the work is devoted for the analysis of images of the Zainichi in Japan. It has been stated that negative stereotypes that come back from the colonial times and depict Zainichi Koreans as unclean, lazy and tending to perform crimes still contribute to the formation of the current images of the national minority. Yet, a new phenomenon of Hallyu prompts a new positive attitude Japanese develop with regard to Koreans. It also needs to be mentioned that there is no clear long-term tendency concerning the latter change seen. 4 Moreover, the performed empirical qualitative content analysis of the online daily Japan Times Online revealed the transformation of the identity of Zainichi Koreans. Earlier there were two alternatives: to choose the Korean or Japanese identity, whereas now one more possibility exists. Nowadays it is possible to acquire Japanese citizenship via naturalization but retain the Korean identity and sometimes even to keep a Korean name at the same time. That clearly indicates that the attitude Japanese had towards Koreans is less negative, and there are less manifestations of national discrimination and, on the other hand, more examples witnessing better relations of the two nations. 5 ĮVADAS Japonija ir Korėja geografiškai artimos šalys, tačiau jų sudėtinga konfliktiška istorinė praeitis, ypač XX a. pradžioje, kuomet Japonija buvo okupavusi Korėją1, šias šalis atitolina viena nuo kitos. Ryšium su Korėjos okupacija, didelė korėjiečių dalis buvo priverstinai atvežti į Japoniją arba vyko patys, neturėdami kitos išeities susirasti darbą ir pragyventi. Dėl šios priežasties dabar Japonijoje egzistuoja sąlyginai didelė, tačiau mažai žinoma korėjiečių tautinė mažuma ne tik Vakaruose, bet ir pačioje Japonijoje. Korėjiečiai Japonijoje vadinama zainichi korėjiečiais arba
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Discrimination and Hate Speech Against North Korean Schools in Japan12
    DISCRIMINATION AND HATE SPEECH AGAINST NORTH KOREAN SCHOOLS IN JAPAN12 Bruno Alexandre Carvalho3 Lilian Yamamoto4 Resumo: Esse artigo ilustra a discriminação sofrida por escolas étnicas no Japão, especialmente aquelas destinadas a crianças coreanas, que enfrentam grandes obstáculos para gozar de seus direitos à educação, incluindo falta de subsídios para suas escolas e isenção de impostos para doadores. Ele também discute a ascensão do discurso de ódio por parte de grupos nacionalistas de direita contra essas escolas e seus alunos, assim como a ineficácia das atuais medidas governamentais para conter esse comportamento. Palavras-chave: Chôsen Gakkô, Discurso de Ódio, Kakushu Gakkô, Zaitokukai, Zainichi. Abstract: This paper illustrates the discrimination suffered by ethnic schools in Japan today, especially those aimed at Korean children, who face great obstacles to appreciate their rights to education, including a lack of subsidies to their schools and tax exemption opportunities for donators. It also discusses the rise of hate speech from right-wing nationalist groups towards these schools and their students, and the ineffectiveness of current governmental measures to suppress such behavior. Keywords: Chôsen Gakkô, Hate Speech, Miscellaneous Schools, Zaitokukai, Zainichi Korean. 1 Artigo submetido em 9/10/2018 e aprovado em 13/12/2018. 2 A pesquisa para a elaboração deste artigo foi realizada com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes). 3 Mestrando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Língua, Literatura e Cultura Japonesa (PPGLLCJ) da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas (FFLCH) da Universidade de São Paulo e Bacharel em História, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brasil; [email protected] (ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-2918).
    [Show full text]
  • Multicultural and Multiethnic Education in Japan
    Educational Studies in Japan: International Yearbook No.4, December, 2009, pp.53-65 Multicultural and Multiethnic Education in Japan NOMOTO, Hiroyuki* In Japan, the Ainu people have been living mainly in Hokkaido and many Koreans continue to live since the end of the World War Two. Since 1990’s, the number of migrant workers has increased rapidly. In this sence, Japanese soci- ety has been multicultural and multiethnic. However, those minority groups have been strictly discriminated against in Japanese society and in schools, they have not been given opportunities to multicultural and multiethnic education. Against the ignorance of their culture and language, those minority groups established their own schools apart from existing school system to educate their children with pride of their own culture and language. Today those interna- tional and ethnic schools have an important role in providing foreign children with alternative education. Then, those schools have to be supported financially by the Government. The struggle of the Ainu people to establish their own school should be also supported by the Government, since the Ainu people have been recognized as an indigenous people by the Japanese Government. With globalization, the number of foreign students has rapidly increased in public schools. In order to respond to the educational needs of those chil- dren, the educational authorities have begun to provide them with special pro- grams for teaching Japanese as a Second Language (JSL) and with native language instruction. Concerning JSL programs, the period of the program should be extended to more than 5 years. It is too short to develop cognitive/academic language proficiency (CALP).
    [Show full text]
  • From the Instructor
    FROM THE INSTRUCTOR David (Ta-wei) Huang wrote this essay as the third paper for the WR 150 seminar “Anti-Immigrant Sentiments in the United States to 1930.” The course explored trends in negative responses to immigration and their connection to an ongoing struggle to define the meaning of “American” since the early 1800s. The final essay for the course asked students whether the past can provide a useful guideline for understanding society in the present. David requested to pursue a topic outside of the United States, as he saw parallels between the past and current nationalist movements. David engages with the essay prompt by suggesting how Japan should alter current responses to their foreign-born population to strengthen their nation, using the United States in the early twentieth century as a case study. David’s success in connecting seemingly disparate societies arises from the depth of his research and ability to succinctly summarize the key concepts of Social Darwinism and Nihonjinron, structuring his essay to emphasize the parallels of these concepts. He grappled with making his argument while staying within the length limits of the assignment but ably reflected on his sources and culled appropriately without losing key supporting elements. David carefully acknowledged differences in the two societies while still crafting a reasonable policy proposal. Rachel Schneider WR 150: Anti-Immigration Sentiments in the United States to 1930 FROM THE WRITER One of the most eye-opening, but also disheartening, takeaways from Professor Schneider’s course on anti-immigration sentiments in the United States is that many of the arguments used against immigrants in the 1800s are still perpetrated against immigrants today.
    [Show full text]
  • Toyo Eiwa Jogakko As a Site of International Exchange: the Experiences of Three Canadian Methodist Women
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Toyo Eiwa Jogakko as a Site of International Exchange: The Experiences of Three Canadian Methodist Women Toyo Eiwa Jogakko as a Site of International Exchange: The Experiences of Three Canadian Methodist Women Patricia Sippel＊ 要約 本稿はカナダ・メソジスト教会婦人伝道会社に派遣され、東洋英和女学校の初期を形成した三人 の女性伝道者たちの異文化交流に焦点を当てる。創立者であるマーサー・J・カートメル（1845-1945） の滞在期間は病気により短いものとなった。イライザ・スペンサー・ラージ（1855-1933）は、校舎 において目の前で夫を殺害され、後には日本におけるカナダ・メソジスト伝道運動を脅かすほどの 闘いに挑むこととなる。そしてアグネス・ウィントミュート・コーツ（1864-1945）は、当初伝道の ために精力的な活動をするも、来る戦時期には長きにわたる疎外と孤独な死が彼女を待ち受けてい た。書簡、報告書、議事録を紐解いていくことで、日本という生活環境そして布教の地でカナダ人 伝道者たちが経験した国際交流の複雑さを素描する。 キーワード：婦人伝道会社、カナダ・メソジスト教会、国際交流、女子教育 Keywords：Woman’s Missionary Society , Methodist Church of Canada, international exchange, girls’ education ＊東洋英和女学院大学 国際社会学部 教授 Professor, Faculty of Social Science, Toyo Eiwa University 1 I. Introduction in the 1920s, the question of when and how On December 27, 1882, Martha Julia Cartmell leadership would be handed over to the “native of Hamilton, Ontario, arrived in Yokohama as the teachers” emerged. And from the 1930s, forced first overseas representative of the newly found- compliance with the ultra-nationalistic and mili- ed Woman’s Missionary Society of the Methodist tarist policies of the Japanese state threatened Church of Canada. Her mission was to advance Toyo Eiwa’s survival as a Christian institution. the spread of Christianity in Japan by focusing But beyond these issues, which unfolded in on the needs of women and girls. Less than two ways that mirrored Japan’s development as a years later and with the help of Canadian and modern state, were the complex, more intimate, Japanese Methodists already active in the Tokyo and probably more deeply felt interactions expe- area, Cartmell had taken an important step rienced by the Canadian missionary women in toward accomplishing her goal.
    [Show full text]
  • Embracing Immigration: Contemporary Japanese College Students Perceptions of Foreign Labor in Japan Kristin M
    Seton Hall University eRepository @ Seton Hall Theses Summer 5-2012 Embracing Immigration: Contemporary Japanese College Students Perceptions of Foreign Labor in Japan Kristin M. Wingate Seton Hall University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.shu.edu/theses Part of the Asian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Wingate, Kristin M., "Embracing Immigration: Contemporary Japanese College Students Perceptions of Foreign Labor in Japan" (2012). Theses. 231. https://scholarship.shu.edu/theses/231 EMBRACING IMMIGRATION: CONTEMPORARY JAPANESE COLLEGE STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF FOREIGN LABOR IN JAPAN BY KRISTIN WINGATE B.A., FAIRFIELD UNIVERSITY FAIRFIELD, CONNECTICUT 2010 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE ASIAN STUDIES PROGRAM OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES, LITERATURES, AND CULTURES AT SETON HALL UNIVERSITY SOUTH ORANGE, NEW JERSEY 2012 EMBRACING IMMIGRATION: CONTEMPORARY JAPANESE COLLEGE STUDENTS' PERCEPTION OF FOREIGN LABOR IN JAPAN THESIS TITLE BY KRISTIN WINGATE APPROVED BY DATE SHIGE OSUKA, Ed. D. MENTOR (FIRST READER) EDWIN PAK-WAH LEUNG, Ph.D. EXAMINER (SECOND READER) ~~ DEBORAH BROWN, Ph.D. II) ) o<tJ/~ EXAMINER (THIRD READER) ~ IUuAlut ~ ANNE MULLEN-HOHL, Ph.D. HEAD OF DEPARTMENT THIS THESIS IS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE ASIAN STUDIES PROGRAM OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES, LITERATURES, AND CULTURES AT SETON HALL UNIVERSITY, SOUTH ORANGE, NEW JERSEY. CONTENTS Acknowledgements....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Japanese Society's Attitudes Toward Race and Skin Color
    Chapter 4 An Introduction to Japanese Society’s Attitudes Toward Race and Skin Color Debito Arudou Introduction Japan, no doubt like any country or society, places cultural value on skin color and melanin content. In Japan’s case, historically and traditionally, pale, unblemished white skin is held in high regard. For example, in classical Japanese ukiyo-e and woodblock prints, Japan’s upper classes and historical figures are generally rendered with very pale skin, while Japanese women, seen mostly indoors, are generally rendered whiter than men. To the present day, Japan’s traditional entertainers (from Kabuki actors to geisha) whiten their skin cosmetically, and its heroes (as seen, e.g., in Japan’s Neputa Festival (JNTO 2011) in Aomori Prefecture) are depicted as light-skinned Japanese battling hairy, swarthy barbarians. In modern Japanese adult society, skin coloring and care is de rigueur for women and sometimes even men (Ashikari 2005). Despite being the tenth most populous nation in the world, Japan’s cosmetics market is the world’s second largest, with an annual turnover of 990 billion yen in 2009 (Austrade 2010), selling products to both lighten and darken skin. Notwithstanding Japan’s fascination with African American culture, most related products, such as UV-blocking makeup foundation, sunscreen, visors, and parasols, help to keep skin light; darker tones due to sun exposure are often negatively associated with aging skin or outdoor manual labor (Ashikari ibid). Further, in a society where most members see themselves as similarly dark-haired and dark-eyed, distinctions are made in Japanese media by darkening skin tones and lightening or coloring hair.
    [Show full text]
  • COMPLICITY Japan/China (2018) WEDNESDAY, JULY 28 at 7PM
    2021 AN APPALACHIAN SUMMER FESTIVAL AppSummer.org WEICHOLZ GLOBAL FILM SERIES WRITTEN PRE-FILM LECTURE BY DR. JOHN PFEIFER COMPLICITY Japan/China (2018) WEDNESDAY, JULY 28 AT 7PM When it comes to food, the Japanese consider the preparation, cooking, presentation, and even the manner of how it is eaten to be deeply embedded in their culture. Careful preparation and meticulous presentation are crucial elements of Japanese cuisine. Food is an art form, and even the simplest dishes are often prepared by chefs who have trained for many years. Therefore, it stands to reason that there are countless Japanese films that revolve around food. Some of my favorite Japanese films highlight food as a backdrop to the underlying theme of the screenplay. These films celebrate the art of cooking as well as Japanese culture and the cinema itself. Three of these films, including this selection, deserve your attention and a place on your “must watch” list. Sweet Bean (2016) is a film about an elderly woman whose skill and more than 50 years of experience in making “dorayaki” gives her a newfound sense of purpose as she goes about teaching a young shopkeeper the importance of making and selling a quality product. Dorayaki is a sandwich-like Japanese treat made of two small pancakes held together with a large dollop of sweet bean paste. In teaching him her craft, she awakens in him Japan’s tradition of respecting their elders. Japan is the only country to celebrate “Keiro-no-HI” (Respect for the Aged Day) as a national holiday. Through their relationship, the young shop owner develops a passion and pride for product over profit that brings him greater happiness than he could have imagined.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Protesters Use Nazism to Attack Chinese, Koreans May 01, 2014 the ASAHI SHIMBUN
    http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201405010052 Disturbing trend: Japanese protesters use Nazism to attack Chinese, Koreans May 01, 2014 THE ASAHI SHIMBUN Racist chants bellowed from a loudspeaker and Hinomaru flags were waved at a rally in Tokyo attended by about 40 people following a young person dressed in military uniform. But what set this demonstration apart from the usual protests against Koreans and Chinese were the swastika flags fluttering beside Japan’s national flag. “We will recover the honor of Imperial Japan and Nazi Germany,” one person shouted, as the protesters marched through a busy entertainment area of the Ikebukuro district. The rally was held on April 20, the 125th anniversary of the birth of Adolf Hitler. Although young Japanese protesters have recently increased their use of Nazi symbols in demonstrations, the rallies are not targeted at Jews. In their minds, the demonstrators seem to believe that Hitler was justified in trying to protect the German race from a rising threat, and that Nazi-style persecution offers way to save Japan from the increasing power of China and South Korea. Their numbers remain small, and they may simply be disgruntled youth ignorant about history. However, their praise for a man considered the most evil in the 20th century has raised fears about where their movement is heading. “One characteristic of the latest cases is the connecting of Nazism with calls spreading through the Internet to throw out ethnic Koreans and Chinese living in Japan,” said Mitsuharu Akao, an assistant professor at Osaka University specializing in Jewish cultural studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Comments by the Government of Japan Regarding the Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD/C/JPN/CO/7-9)
    Comments by the Government of Japan regarding the Concluding Observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD/C/JPN/CO/7-9) 1. In the concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (hereinafter referred to as “the Committee”) (CERD/C/JPN/CO/7-9) that were adopted on September 26, 2014, following the consideration of the combined seventh to ninth periodic reports of Japan during the Committee’s 85th session, the Committee requested the Government of Japan to provide information on its follow-up to the recommendations contained in paragraphs 17, and 22 within one year. The Government of Japan hereby submits an additional report in response to that request. The Government of Japan also provides additional comments regarding paragraph 19 and 21 for which information on its follow-up was not requested, as the Government of Japan deems it necessary to provide the Committee with further explanation. The additional report is as follows. 2. The Government of Japan will provide information on its follow-up to the recommendations contained in paragraphs 18 in due course. Paragraph 17 In the light of its general recommendation No. 25 (2000) on the gender-related dimensions of racial discrimination and No. 30 (2004) on discrimination against non-citizens, the Committee recommends that the State party take adequate measures to effectively address the issue of violence against migrant, minority and indigenous women by prosecuting and sanctioning all forms of violence against them, and to ensure that victims have access to immediate means of redress and protection. The State party should also review its legislation on residence status to ensure that foreign women married to Japanese citizens or to non-citizens with permanent residence status will not be expelled upon divorce or repudiation, and that the application of the law does not have the effect, in practice, of forcing women to remain in abusive relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • Hate Speech Laws in Japan, the United States, and Canada Craig Martin
    Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly Volume 45 Article 4 Number 3 Spring 2018 1-1-2018 Striking the Right Balance: Hate Speech Laws in Japan, the United States, and Canada Craig Martin Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_constitutional_law_quaterly Part of the Constitutional Law Commons Recommended Citation Craig Martin, Striking the Right Balance: Hate Speech Laws in Japan, the United States, and Canada, 45 Hastings Const. L.Q. 455 (2018). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_constitutional_law_quaterly/vol45/iss3/4 This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Striking the Right Balance: Hate Speech Laws in Japan, the United States, and Canada by CRAIG MARTIN* Introduction The issue of hate speech has occupied the headlines of many democracies in recent years. Whether it be Charlottesville, Kyoto, or Warsaw, the rise of nativist, nationalist, and racist groups, expressing hatred towards minorities within society, has once again confronted us with the question of how far democracies can or should go in limiting certain extreme forms of hateful discriminatory expression. Certain types of hate speech, which have the purpose and effect of fostering hatred against groups defined by certain characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion, gender, or sexual orientation, and which take the form of extreme vilification, denigration, and even dehumanization of its targets, are known to cause significant harm.1 This harm is suffered by the members of such groups, both in the form of direct emotional and psychological harm caused by the speech itself, and also in the form of increased levels of discrimination and persecution as a consequence of the hatred fomented in society by such speech.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan's Under-Researched Visible Minorities: Applying Critical Race
    Washington University Global Studies Law Review Volume 14 Issue 4 Global Perspectives on Colorism (Symposium Edition) 2015 Japan’s Under-Researched Visible Minorities: Applying Critical Race Theory to Racialization Dynamics in a Non-White Society Debito Arudou Hawaii Pacific University Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_globalstudies Part of the Japanese Studies Commons, Law Commons, and the Race and Ethnicity Commons Recommended Citation Debito Arudou, Japan’s Under-Researched Visible Minorities: Applying Critical Race Theory to Racialization Dynamics in a Non-White Society, 14 WASH. U. GLOBAL STUD. L. REV. 695 (2015), https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_globalstudies/vol14/iss4/13 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Global Studies Law Review by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JAPAN’S UNDER-RESEARCHED VISIBLE MINORITIES: APPLYING CRITICAL RACE THEORY TO RACIALIZATION DYNAMICS IN A NON-WHITE SOCIETY DR. DEBITO ARUDOU ABSTRACT Critical Race Theory (CRT), an analytical framework grounded in American legal academia, uncovers power relationships between a racialized enfranchised majority and a disenfranchised minority. Although applied primarily to countries and societies with Caucasian majorities to analyze White Privilege this Article applies CRT to Japan, a non-White majority society. After discussing how scholarship on Japan has hitherto ignored a fundamental factor within racialization studies—the effects of skin color on the concept of “Japaneseness”—this Article examines an example of published research on the Post-WWII “konketsuji problem.”1 This research finds blind spots in the analysis, and re-examines it through CRT to uncover more nuanced power dynamics.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    THE STATUS QUO OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN JAPAN AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA AND THE NEED TO PROVIDE FOR ANTI-DISCRIMINATION LAWS Yujin Yi* Japan and the Republic of Korea, two neighboring nations situated in East Asia, have homogenous demographics. Both societies face large influxes of foreigners—from immigration and tourism alike—due to various factors ranging from rapidly aging populations, low birth rates, and globalization. Despite this, neither country has sufficient legal means of halting racially discriminatory practices that occur within them. This Note illustrates the rampant nature of racial discrimination in Japan and the Republic of Korea, analyzes the current state of their anti- discrimination laws, argues that the existing legal protections for foreigners against racial discrimination are inadequate at best, and finally, urges that the two governments adopt available means to improve upon the situation. I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................ 411 II. THE HISTORIC AND LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF DISCRIMINATION IN JAPAN AND KOREA ..................... 413 A. Roots of Racial Prejudice in Japan and Korea .... 414 1. Roots of Racial Discrimination in Japan ........ 416 2. Roots of Racial Discrimination in Korea ........ 419 B. The Ineffective Legal Protections against Racial Discrimination ...................................................... 421 * Juris Doctor Candidate 2017, Columbia Law School; Bachelor of Arts 2014, Waseda University. The author would like to thank Todd Densen, as well as the staff of the Columbia Journal of Race and Law, for their tireless editing contributions and substantive feedback. The author would also like to thank Professor David Waters of Waseda University for his significant contribution to the shaping of this Note. No. 4:410] THE STATUS QUO OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION 411 1.
    [Show full text]