DOCSLIB.ORG

Essentials of Light Microscopy Connective Tissue

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Essentials of Light Microscopy Connective Tissue Essentials of light microscopy Connective tissue Instructions • Turn on the light. • Lower the stage all the way using the coarse focus knob. • Start with the 4x objective. Put the slide on the stage, held in place by the little spring clip. Make sure both the slide and the stage are dry. • Move your sample until you can see that the light is shining through it. Do this before you even put your eyes to the oculars. • Look through the scope and focus. Use the coarse focus knob at first, until the image is more or less in focus; then switch to the fine focus. • Look at the whole slide on the lowest power, so you get an overview before you switch to higher magnification. • Adjust the light. Not too bright, not too dim. • Adjust the oculars. • Don't use the 100x! • Switch to the 10x objective. If the slide is in focus with the 4x, it should be more or less in focus when you switch to the 10x. A slight adjustment with the fine focus knob should get it just right. If you lose the focus and can't see your specimen at all, go back to the 4x and start again. • Switch to the 40x objective if you want to see more detail. It's up to you to decide what magnification is best for what you want to see. • When you want to look at a new slide, switch back to the 4x before changing slides. • When you're done with the scope, switch to the 4x, turn the light all the way down before turning it off, and bring the stage all the way down. Don't put away the scope with a slide still on the stage! • Only one slide is out of the box at the moment. Do not remove more! • At the end of lesson, the box with slides is checked in your presence before you leave your place Tissues Connective tissue connective tissue proper cartilage bone types of the connective Epithelial tissue tissue Muscle tissue Nerve tissue Connective tissue proper Connective tissue cells Fixed cells Wandering cells /mobile/ fibroblasts and fibrocytes histiocytes /makrophages/ reticular cells heparinocytes /mast cells / pigment cells plasma cells undiferentiated mesenchymal cells leukocytes adipocytes /fat cells/ lymphocytes univacuolar eosinophils multivacuolar neutrophils responsible for production extracellular involved in tissue reaction to components injury, defensive reaction Fibrocytes spindle-shaped, long processes, ovoid pale nucleus, basophilic cytoplasm, the components of the ground substance, collagen, elastic and reticular fibres are synthesised by cells of the c.t. - the fibroblasts /fibrocytes/. Reticular cells X not RETIKULOCYTES Reticular cells are usually larger than an average fibrocyte. They are the "fibrocytes" of reticular connective tissue and form a network of reticular fibres, for example, in the lymphoid organs. Some of them are able to phagocytose. Their nuclei are typically large and lightly stained. Pigment cells long branched cytoplasmic projections melanin granules derived from neural crest /neuroectodermal origin/ Adipocytes univacuolar multivacuolar are present in brown adipose tissue – embryo, child to 3 years large – up to 100 µm, spherical shape Macrophages /histiocytes/ They have irregular shape, small hyperchromatic /dark/ nucleus, numerous secondary lysosomes /phagocytic vacuoles/ Mast cells /heparinocytes/ The cytoplasm of mast cells is filled by numerous granules. Mast cells discharge the contents of these granules if they come in contact with antigens. The most prominent substances contained in the vesicles are heparin and histamine. They increase blood flow and the permeability of the vessel walls. Mast cells B-lymphocyte Plasma cells plasma cells are lymphocytes which produce antibodies to accommodate the necessary organelles for this function the size of the cytoplasm increases dramatically and the cells become basophilic /GER/ nucleus is ovoid, located peripherly, clumps of peripheral heterochromatin – like a wheel or clockface Extracellular substance collagen fibres collagen fibres in LM AZAN HE HES reticular fibres reticular fibres lien /spleen/ elastic fibres elastic fibres aorta Ground substance is found in all cavities and clefts between the fibres and cells of connective tissues glycosaminoglycans /GAGs/ hyaluronic acid chondroitin 4-sulfate / chondroitin 6-sulfate/ dermatan sulfate heparan sulfate proteoglycans /protein core to which GAGs are covalently bound/ - aggrecan, syndecan, fibroglycan glycoproteins – fibronectin, laminin, osteonectin, osteopontin, chondronectin.. Connective tissue - types Mesenchyme Mucous connective tissue - occurence: umbilical cord, dental pulp, iris of eye Loose /areolar/ connective tissue wide spread, within various parenchymal organs /kidney, glands,../, parts of mucosa, submucosa of hollow organs../ Dense connective tissue Irregular arranged – dermis, capsules of organs, periosteum, fasciae.. Regular arranged – tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses.. Elastic connective tissue – vocal cords, large arteries.. Reticular connective tissue – lymphatic organs, bone marrow Adipose tissue Mesenchyme Components: mesenchymal cells, fluid ground substance, reticular fibers Mucous connective tissue Wharton's jelly Occurence: dental pulp, iris of eye Loose connective tissue gullet Loose connective tissue Dense connective tissue - regular Dense connective tissue - irregular sclera Dense connective tissue - irregular Elastic connective tissue aorta Reticular connective tissue Adipose tissue .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vocabulario De Morfoloxía, Anatomía E Citoloxía Veterinaria
    Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) Servizo de Normalización Lingüística Universidade de Santiago de Compostela COLECCIÓN VOCABULARIOS TEMÁTICOS N.º 4 SERVIZO DE NORMALIZACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) 2008 UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA VOCABULARIO de morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria : (galego-español- inglés) / coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río, Servizo de Normalización Lingüística ; autores Matilde Lombardero Fernández ... [et al.]. – Santiago de Compostela : Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, 2008. – 369 p. ; 21 cm. – (Vocabularios temáticos ; 4). - D.L. C 2458-2008. – ISBN 978-84-9887-018-3 1.Medicina �������������������������������������������������������������������������veterinaria-Diccionarios�������������������������������������������������. 2.Galego (Lingua)-Glosarios, vocabularios, etc. políglotas. I.Lombardero Fernández, Matilde. II.Rodríguez Rio, Xusto A. coord. III. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística, coord. IV.Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, ed. V.Serie. 591.4(038)=699=60=20 Coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río (Área de Terminoloxía. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) Autoras/res Matilde Lombardero Fernández (doutora en Veterinaria e profesora do Departamento de Anatomía e Produción Animal.
    [Show full text]
  • An Histologie and Immunohistochemical Study
    Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol et Odontol - Vol 34 n° 3-4, 1991 The connective tissue cells of human dental pulp: An histologie and immunohistochemical study LYN Peifen*, FIORE-DONNO G.** and LOMBARD1 T.** * Department ofStomatology, Tbird Hospital ofBeijing Medical University, China. ** Division of Stomatology School ofDental Medicine, Faculty ofMedicine Geneva, Switzerland. SUMMARY Twenty human healthy teeth were extracted for orthondontic purposes and processed for histological, and immunohistochemical examination. Odontoblasts were pseudostratified in depth of 1-8 cells in pulpward direction showing the zone of Weil and the cell-rich zone in coronal third pulp. In the central part of pulp tissue, fibroblasts were arranged as a network. These cells strongly immunoreacted with an antibody (monoclonal and polyclonal) directed against the intermediate filament vimentin. The product reaction was specifically located in the cytoplasm. Near vessels occasional lymphocytes and mast cells were also pré¬ sent. Collagen fibers formed a plexus below the cell-rich zone in middle and coronal pulp. KEY WORDS: Pulp - Fibroblast - Man - Histology - Immunohistochemistry. RESUME Vingt dents humaines saines ont été avulsées pour des raisons orthodontiques et traitées pour être exami¬ nées du point de vue histologique et par immunohistochimie. Les odontoblastes étaient pseudostratifiés (1-8 cellules) et dans le tiers coronaire de la pulpe soit la zone de Weil une zone riche en cellules est pré¬ sente. Dans la partie centrale de la pulpe, les fibroblastes forment un réseau. Ces cellules sont fortement immuno-marquées par un anticorps (monoclonal ou polyclonal) dirigé contre la vimentine. Le marquage est spécifiquement localisé dans le cytoplasme. A proximité des vaisseaux, des mastocytes ainsi que des lymphocytes sont présents.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Norbixin-Based Poly(Hydroxybutyrate) Membranes on the Tendon Repair Process After Tenotomy in Rats1
    ACTA CIRÚRGICA BRASILEIRA ORIGINAL ARTICLE Experimental Surgery Effect of norbixin-based poly(hydroxybutyrate) membranes on the tendon repair process after tenotomy in rats1 Lízia Daniela e Silva NascimentoI , Renata Amadei NicolauII , Antônio Luiz Martins Maia FilhoIII , José Zilton Lima Verde SantosIV , Khetyma Moreira FonsecaV , Danniel Cabral Leão FerreiraVI , Rayssilane Cardoso de SousaVII , Vicente Galber Freitas VianaVIII , Luiz Fernando Meneses CarvalhoIX , José Figueredo-SilvaX I Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Sao Jose dos Campos-SP. Assistant Professor of Kinesiology, MSc, Health Sciences Center, Physical Therapy, Universidade Estadual do Piauí (UESPI), Teresina-PI, Brazil. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; acquisition and interpretation of data; technical procedures; manuscript preparation. II PhD, Collaborator, Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering of the Research and Development Institute, UNIVAP, Sao Jose dos Campos-SP, Brazil. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; interpretation of data; critical revision. III Associate Professor of Physiology, Health Sciences Center, UESPI, Teresina-PI, Brazil. Technical procedures. IV MSc, Assistant Professor, Center of Health Sciences, Medicine and Physical Therapy, UESPI, Teresina-PI. Brazil. Histopathological examinations. V Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza-CE.
    [Show full text]
  • TNF-Α–Stimulated Fibroblasts Secrete Lumican to Promote Fibrocyte Differentiation
    TNF-α–stimulated fibroblasts secrete lumican to promote fibrocyte differentiation Darrell Pillinga,1, Varsha Vakilb, Nehemiah Coxa, and Richard H. Gomera,b,1 aDepartment of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; and bDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 Edited by Erica Herzog, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, and accepted by the Editorial Board August 12, 2015 (received for review April 15, 2015) In healing wounds and fibrotic lesions, fibroblasts and monocyte- lumican levels in the lungs, suggesting that pulmonary fibrosis derived fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes help to form scar may be in part due to elevated lumican levels. These data suggest tissue. Although fibrocytes promote collagen production by fibro- that lumican may be one of the unknown signals from fibroblasts blasts, little is known about signaling from fibroblasts to fibrocytes. In to fibrocytes that mediates part of a fibroblast-fibrocyte feedback this report, we show that fibroblasts stimulated with the fibrocyte- loop that potentiates fibrosis. secreted inflammatory signal tumor necrosis factor-α secrete the small leucine-rich proteoglycan lumican, and that lumican, but not Results the related proteoglycan decorin, promotes human fibrocyte differ- TNF-α–Stimulated Fibroblasts Promote Fibrocyte Differentiation. To entiation. Lumican competes with the serum fibrocyte differentiation test the hypothesis that activated fibroblasts might secrete soluble inhibitor serum amyloid P, but dominates over the fibroblast-secreted factors that promote fibrocyte differentiation, we added condi- fibrocyte inhibitor Slit2. Lumican acts directly on monocytes, and un- tioned medium from human fibroblasts incubated with TNF-α like other factors that affect fibrocyte differentiation, lumican has no (FCM+TNF-α) to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells detectable effect on macrophage differentiation or polarization.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition
    NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria.
    [Show full text]
  • Tendon Healing with Allogenic Fibroblast and Static Magnetic Field in Rabbit Model
    IJVS 2015; 10(2); Serial No:23 IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SURGERY (IJVS) WWW.IVSA.IR Tendon Healing with Allogenic Fibroblast and Static Magnetic Field in Rabbit Model Amin Bigham-Sadegh*1, Setare Ghasemi 2, Iraj Karimi 3, Pezhman Mirshokraei 4, Hasan Nazari 5, Ahmad Oryan 6 Abstract Objectives- Tendons are integral parts of musculoskeletal system and are subjected to injury. Fibroblast is used in tendon healing, however, there is no proved and reported result regarding concurrent use of allogenic fibroblast with static magnetic field in tendon healing. In addition, there are some studies done on the effect of magnetic fields on tendon healing but the results are antithesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of simultaneous application of fibroblast and magnetic field on tendon healing in rabbit model. Design- Experimental study. Animals- Eighteen female rabbits, 15 months old and weighing 3.0±0.5 kg were used in this study. Procedures- Two legs of eighteen rabbits were divided into 6 groups. After skin incision, superficial flexor tendon was exposed and cut transversely and then sutured. In control group tendon injury were created in right and left legs and sutured in bunnell mayer suturing technique. In culture media substance group after tendon injury in two legs, 0.5 cc culture substance was injected in the injured tendon area in two legs. In fibroblast group, fibroblast cells were injected in the tendon injured area in both legs. Then all injuries legs were dressed up, a piece of magnet was placed in the surrounding bandage of the left leg for 7 days and right legs were left empty.
    [Show full text]
  • Histology and Histopathology from Cell Biology to Tissue Engineering
    I Histology and Histopathology From Cell Biology to Tissue Engineering Volume 32 (Supplement 1), 2017 http://www.hh.um.es SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA 5 - 8 Septiembre 2017 ! ! XIX Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Histología e Ingeniería Tisular IV Congreso Iberoamericano de Histología VII Internacional Congress of Histology and Tissue Engineering ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Santiago de Compostela, 5 – 8 de Septiembre de 2017 Honorary President Andrés Beiras Iglesias Organizing Committee Presidents Tomás García-Caballero Rosalía Gallego *yPH] Scientific Committee Concepción Parrado Romero Ana Alonso Varona (UPV/EHU) Ana María Navarro Incio (Universidad de Oviedo) Antonia Álvarez Díaz (Universidad del País Vasco) Rosa Noguera Salvá (Universidad de Valencia) Rafael Álvarez Nogal (Universidad de León) Juan Ocampo López (Univ. Autónoma del Estado Rosa Álvarez Otero (Universidad de Vigo) de Hidalgo. México.) Miguel Ángel Arévalo Gómez (Universidad de Luis Miguel Pastor García (Universidad de Murcia) Salamanca) Juan Ángel Pedrosa Raya (Universidad de Jaén) Julia Buján Varela (Universidad de Alcalá) José Peña Amaro (Universidad de Córdoba) Juan José Calvo Martín (Universidad de la Carmen de la Paz Pérez Olvera (Universidad República, Uruguay) Autónoma de México.) Antonio Campos Muñoz (Universidad de Granada) Eloy Redondo García (Universidad de Extremadura) Pascual Vicente Crespo Ferrer (Universidad de Javier F. Regadera González (Universidad de Granada) Autónoma de Madrid) Juan Cuevas Álvarez (Universidad de Santiago) Viktor K Romero Díaz (Univ. Autónoma de Nuevo Joaquín De Juan Herrero (Universidad de Alicante) León. México.) María Rosa Fenoll Brunet (Universidad Rovira i Amparo Ruiz Saurí (Universidad de Valencia) Virgili) Francisco José Sáez Crespo (Universidad del País María Pilar Fernández Mateos (Universidad Vasco) Complutense de Madrid) Mercedes Salido Peracaula (Universidad de Cádiz) Benito Fraile Laiz (Universidad de Alcalá) Luis Santamaría Solís (Universidad Autónoma de Ricardo Fretes (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba.
    [Show full text]
  • Alcoholic Extract of Tarantula Cubensis Improves Sharp Ruptured Tendon Healing After Primary Repair in Rabbits
    An Original Study Alcoholic Extract of Tarantula Cubensis Improves Sharp Ruptured Tendon Healing After Primary Repair in Rabbits Ahmad Oryan, DVM, PhD, Ali Moshiri, DVM, DVSc, and Abdolhamid Meimandi Parizi, DVM, PhD tendons would be a concern for orthopedic surgeons. Abstract Sharp ruptured tendons heal slowly and often result This study was designed to investigate the effects of in formation of scar tissue or fibrous adhesion which tarantula cubensis (TC) on the superficial digital flexor increases the risk of reinjury at the repair site.2,4,5 tendon (SDFT) rupture after surgical anastomosis, on day Various techniques have been described that provide 84-postinjury (DPI) in rabbits. Forty white New Zealand, robust tendon anastomosis with minimal gap forma- mature, male rabbits were randomly and evenly divided tion, limited adhesion, and preservation of the ten- into treated and control groups. After tenotomy and pri- don’s intrinsic blood supply.2,3,6 However, after surgical mary repair, the injured legs were immobilized for 2 weeks. 2,7 TC was injected subcutaneously over the lesion on 3, reconstruction, the tendons do not properly heal and 7, and 10 DPI. The control animals received subcutane- therapeutic agents may have some values to stimulate 4 ous injections of normal saline similarly. Animal’s weight, tendon healing. tendon diameter, clinical status, radiographic and ultraso- Tarantula cubensis (TC) has been used in homeopa- nographic evaluations were recorded at weekly intervals. thy to treat mixed mammary tumors, pododermatitis,
    [Show full text]
  • Fibroblasts Secrete Slit2 to Inhibit Fibrocyte Differentiation and Fibrosis
    Fibroblasts secrete Slit2 to inhibit fibrocyte differentiation and fibrosis Darrell Pillinga,1, Zhichao Zhenga, Varsha Vakilb, and Richard H. Gomera,b,1 aDepartment of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; and bDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251 Edited by Richard Bucala, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, and accepted by the Editorial Board November 18, 2014 (received for review September 10, 2014) Monocytes leave the blood and enter tissues. In healing wounds and needed. To test the hypothesis that fibroblasts might secrete fibrotic lesions, some of the monocytes differentiate into fibroblast- soluble factors to signal monocytes that have entered the tissue like cells called fibrocytes. In healthy tissues, even though monocytes to not differentiate into fibrocytes, we added conditioned me- enter the tissue, for unknown reasons, very few monocytes differ- dium from human fibroblasts (FCM) to human peripheral blood entiate into fibrocytes. In this report, we show that fibroblasts from mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in conditions where some of the healthy human tissues secrete the neuronal guidance protein Slit2 monocytes in the PBMCs would normally differentiate into and that Slit2 inhibits human fibrocyte differentiation. In mice, injec- fibrocytes. The PBMCs were cultured for 5 d in serum-free tions of Slit2 inhibit bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. In lung tissue medium (SFM) with FCM from human adult skin, adult lung, from pulmonary fibrosis patients with relatively normal lung func- and MRC5 fetal lung fibroblasts. In the absence of fibroblast tion, Slit2 has a widespread distribution whereas, in patients with conditioned medium, we observed 520–1,660 fibrocytes per 105 advanced disease, there is less Slit2 in the fibrotic lesions.
    [Show full text]
  • Fibrocytes and Fibroblasts—Where Are We
    International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 116 (2019) 105595 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocel Fibrocytes and fibroblasts—Where are we now T ⁎ Sy Giin Chonga,b, Seidai Satoa,c, Martin Kolba, Jack Gauldiea, a Departments of Medicine and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada b School of Medicine and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland c Division of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Fibroblasts are considered major contributors to the process of fibrogenesis and the progression of matrix de- Fibrosis position and tissue distortion in fibrotic diseases such as Pulmonary Fibrosis. Recent discovery of the fibrocyte, a Fibroblast circulating possible precursor cell to the tissue fibroblast in fibrosis, has raised issues regarding the character- Fibrocyte ization of fibrocytes with respect to their morphology, growth characteristics in vitro, their biological role in vivo Myofibroblast and their potential utility as a biomarker and/ or treatment target in various human diseases. Characterization Extracellular matrix studies of the fibrocyte continue as does emerging conflicting data concerning the relationship to orwiththe Pulmonary fibrosis Exosomes lung fibroblast. The source of signals that direct the traffic of these cells, as well as their response totherapeutic Cancer-associated fibroblast intervention with newly available drugs, bring new insights to the understanding of this cell type. The identi- fication of exosomes from fibrocytes that can affect resident fibroblast activities suggest mechanisms oftheir influence on pathogenesis.
    [Show full text]
  • 4, IL-13, and IL-17A Differentially Affect the Profibrotic and Proinflammatory Functions of Fibrocytes from Asthmatic Patients
    ARTICLES nature publishing group See COMMENTARY page XX Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and IL-17A differentially affect the profibrotic and proinflammatory functions of fibrocytes from asthmatic patients A B e l l i n i 1 , M A M a r i n i 2 , L B i a n c h e t t i 1 , M B a r c z y k 1 , M S c h m i d t 1 a n d S M a t t o l i 1 Fibrocytes contribute to the fibrotic changes most frequently observed in forms of asthma where inflammation is driven by T helper type 2 (Th2) cells. The mechanisms that regulate the profibrotic function of asthmatic fibrocytes are largely unknown. We isolated circulating fibrocytes from patients with allergen-exacerbated asthma, who showed the presence of fibrocytes, together with elevated concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 and slightly increased concentrations of the Th17 cell-derived IL-17A, in induced sputum. Fibrocytes stimulated with IL-4 and IL-13 produced high levels of collagenous and non-collagenous matrix components and low levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, fibrocytes stimulated with IL-17A proliferated and released proinflammatory factors that may promote neutrophil recruitment and airway hyperresponsiveness. IL-17A also indirectly increased -smooth muscle actin but not collagen expression in fibrocytes. Thus, fibrocytes may proliferate and express a predominant profibrotic or proinflammatory phenotype in asthmatic airways depending on the local concentrations of Th2- and Th17-derived cytokines. INTRODUCTION tion. 3,6,7,9,10 This thickening of the subepithelial reticular sheet
    [Show full text]
  • Aging Promotes Pro-Fibrotic Matrix Production and Increases Fibrocyte Recruitment During Acute Lung Injury
    Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 2014, 5, 19-30 ABB http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/abb.2014.51004 Published Online January 2014 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/abb/) Aging promotes pro-fibrotic matrix production and increases fibrocyte recruitment during acute lung injury Viranuj Sueblinvong1*, Wendy A. Neveu1, David C. Neujahr1,2, Stephen T. Mills1, Mauricio Rojas3, Jesse Roman4, David M. Guidot1,5 1Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA 2McKelvey Lung Transplantation Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA 3Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 4Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA 5Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, GA, USA Email: *[email protected] Received 26 November 2013; revised 25 December 2013; accepted 5 January 2014 Copyright © 2014 Viranuj Sueblinvong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Li- cense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In accordance of the Creative Commons Attribution License all Copyrights © 2014 are reserved for SCIRP and the owner of the intel- lectual property Viranuj Sueblinvong et al. All Copyright © 2014 are guarded by law and by SCIRP as a guardian. ABSTRACT blasts induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that senescence increases fibrocyte recruitment to the lung Fibrotic lung diseases increase with age. Previously following injury and that loss of Thy-1 expression by we determined that senescence increases tissue ex- lung fibroblasts promotes fibrocyte retention and pression of fibronectin EDA (Fn-EDA) and decreases myofibroblast transdifferentiation that renders the fibroblast expression of Thy-1, and that fibrocytes “aging lung” susceptible to fibrosis.
    [Show full text]