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Ecological Assessment and Knowledge Review for the City of Greater Dandenong

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Ecological assessment and knowledge review for the City of Greater Dandenong ©2021 Ecology Australia Pty Ltd This publication is copyright. It may only be used in accordance with the agreed terms of the commission. Except as provided for by the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from Ecology Australia Pty Ltd. Document information This is a controlled document. Details of the document ownership, distribution, status and revision history are listed below. All comments or requests for changes to content should be addressed to the document owner. Owner Ecology Australia Pty Ltd Project 20-070 Author Gary Palmer, Marty White, Brett Goodman, Chris Bloink File Ecological knowledge review for the City of Greater Dandenong final.docx Bioregion Gippsland Plain Distribution Tim Ford City of Greater Dandenong Council Document History Status Changes Author Reviewer Date Draft 1 First Draft G. Palmer, M. White, B. T. Kinsela 21/04/2021 Goodman, C. Bloink Final Edits based on client G. Palmer, M. White, B. T. Kinsela 11/06/2021 feedback Godman, C. Bloink Cover photo: Gary Palmer 88B Station Street, Fairfield VIC 3078 T: (03) 9489 4191 E: [email protected] W: ecologyaustralia.com.au Ecological assessment and knowledge review for the City of Greater Dandenong Contents Acknowledgments 8 Executive Summary 9 1 Introduction 11 2 Study Area 12 2.1 Location 12 2.2 Climate 14 2.3 Geography 14 2.4 Population and Demographics 14 2.5 Land Use and Tenure 14 2.6 Strategic Biodiversity Mapping 17 2.7 Waterways and Waterbodies 19 2.8 Surrounding Areas of Biological Importance 20 2.9 Biodiversity Legislation 21 2.10 Council Strategies 24 3 Vegetation 26 3.1 Extent 26 3.2 Threatened EVCs 30 3.3 Flora Species 31 3.4 Threatened Species 31 4 Fauna 33 4.1 Amphibians 33 4.2 Mammals 33 4.2.1 Platypus 33 4.2.2 Kreft’s Glider (formerly Sugar Glider) 33 4.2.3 Rakali 34 4.3 Birds 34 4.4 Reptiles 35 4.5 Fish 35 4.5.1 Dwarf Galaxias 35 4.5.2 Australian Grayling 35 4.5.3 Yarra Pygmy Perch 35 4.6 Crayfish 36 4.7 Other Invertebrates 36 4.8 Threatened Species 36 4.9 Fauna Habitat 36 4.9.1 Waterways and Wetlands 36 Final iii Ecological assessment and knowledge review for the City of Greater Dandenong 4.9.2 Urban and Industrial Habitats 37 4.9.3 Parks and Reserves 39 4.9.4 Agricultural Habitats 39 5 Biodiversity Threats 40 5.1 Land Use Change and Development 40 5.1.1 Residential and Commercial development 40 5.1.2 Industrial Development 40 5.1.3 Agriculture 41 5.1.4 Waterway Alterations 41 5.2 Altered Hydrology 42 5.3 Invasive and Overabundant Species 43 5.3.1 Environmental weeds 43 5.3.2 Pest Animals 43 5.4 Transport and Utility Corridors 44 5.5 Human Disturbance 45 5.6 Pollution 45 5.7 Climate Change 46 6.3 Priorities 52 7 Habitat Connectivity for Icon Species 53 7.1 Blotched/Common Blue-tongued Lizard 54 7.2 Dwarf Galaxias 57 7.3 Laughing Kookaburra 60 7.4 Powerful Owl 62 7.5 Kreft’s Glider (formerly Sugar Glider) 64 7.6 Migratory Birds 66 7.7 Semi-Urban Birds 67 8 Community Consultations and Engagement Results 68 8.1 Results 68 8.1.1 Online Survey 68 8.1.2 External Stakeholder Workshop 72 8.1.3 Community Workshop 72 8.2 Summary 73 8.3 Conclusions and Recommendations 74 9 References 76 10 Glossary 81 11 Appendices 83 Tables Final iv Ecological assessment and knowledge review for the City of Greater Dandenong Table 1 Threatened EVCs found in the City of Greater Dandenong LGA. 30 Table 2 Pest animal species recorded from Greater Dandenong, listed under state or federal legislation or listed as priority pests by the Eastern Region Pest Animal Network 44 Table 3 Summary of spatial analyses and habitat hectares scores for modelled extant EVCs. 50 Table 4 Summary of spatial analyses for sites not modelled as extant EVCs. 51 Table 5 Icon species or groups of species for Greater Dandenong. 54 Table 6 Summary of most common reasons why biodiversity is considered important from online survey and examples of comments provided. 71 Figures Figure 1 City of Greater Dandenong LGA and municipality study area. 13 Figure 2 Land use throughout the City of Greater Dandenong LGA. 16 Figure 3 Relative biodiversity significance within the study area. 18 Figure 4 Extent (ha) of each EVC modelled within the study area in 1750 and 2005. 26 Figure 5 EVC coverage across the City of Greater Dandenong pre 1750 (left) and today (right). 27 Figure 6 Canopy cover (%) for selected Victorian Local Government Areas (Jacobs et al. 2014) 28 Figure 7 Known locations of threatened flora species recorded throughout the COGD LGA 32 Figure 8 Assessment site locations within study area (both modelled and non- modelled extant EVCs). 49 Figure 9 Locations of previous sightings within 10 km of Greater Dandenong and potential connectivity sites within Greater Dandenong for the Blotched/Common Blue-tongued Lizard. 56 Figure 10 Locations of previous sightings within 10 km of Greater Dandenong and potential connectivity sites within Greater Dandenong for the Dwarf Galaxias. 59 Figure 11 Locations of previous sightings within 10 km of Greater Dandenong and potential connectivity sites within Greater Dandenong for the Laughing Kookaburra. 61 Figure 12 Locations of previous sightings within 10 km of Greater Dandenong and potential connectivity sites within Greater Dandenong for the Powerful Owl. 63 Figure 13 Locations of previous sightings within 10 km of Greater Dandenong and potential connectivity sites within Greater Dandenong for the Kreft’s Glider. 65 Final v Ecological assessment and knowledge review for the City of Greater Dandenong Figure 14 Levels of biodiversity understanding throughout Greater Dandenong. 69 Figure 15 Priorities for protecting biodiversity. 69 Figure 16 Relative importance of threats to biodiversity. 70 Figure 17 Alex Wilkie assessment site 139 Figure 18 Coomoora Reserve assessment sites 140 Figure 19 Tirhatuan Park assessment sites 141 Figure 20 Fotheringham Reserve and Greaves Reserve assessment sites 142 Figure 21 Leon Trembath Reserve assessment site 143 Figure 22 Melbourne Water Wetlands and Robert Booth Reserve assessment sites 144 Figure 23 Frank Pellicano and 120 Coleman’s Road assessment sites 145 Figure 24 Currajong Reserve assessment site 146 Figure 25 ETP Patterson River assessment site 147 Figure 26 Glasscocks Road and 120 Thompsons Road assessment sites 148 Figure 27 Greens Road/Eastlink assessment site 149 Figure 28 Greens Road/Railway assessment site 150 Figure 29 Hammond Hoad assessment site 151 Figure 30 Hira College assessment site 152 Appendices Appendix 1 Likelihood of presence definitions 84 Appendix 2 Species list compilation 85 Appendix 3 Terrestrial and aquatic fauna species recorded from within the Greater Dandenong LGA 87 Appendix 4 Significant Fauna species recorded or predicted to occur within the Greater Dandenong LGA area and their likelihood of presence 105 Appendix 5 Vascular plant species recorded from within the Greater Dandenong LGA 110 Appendix 6 Significant Flora species recorded or predicted to occur within the Greater Dandenong LGA area and their likelihood of presence 135 Appendix 7 Victorian listed threatened species recorded from study sites within the Greater Dandenong LGA 137 Appendix 8 VQA habitat assessment scores from study sites within the Greater Dandenong LGA 138 Appendix 9 Assessment sites 139 Appendix 10 Online survey questions 153 Final vi Ecological assessment and knowledge review for the City of Greater Dandenong Appendix 11 Time since last surveys in nature reserves throughout the municipality 154 Final vii Ecological assessment and knowledge review for the City of Greater Dandenong Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of: - Maree Keenan City of Greater Dandenong Council - Matthew Paterson City of Greater Dandenong Council - Darren Wilson City of Greater Dandenong Council - Jack Chittenden City of Greater Dandenong Council - Tim Ford City of Greater Dandenong Council - Freja Butler Ecology Australia - Nina Kerr Ecology Australia - Staci Timms Ecology Australia - Birdlife Australia - Greater Dandenong Environment Group Final 8 Ecological assessment and knowledge review for the City of Greater Dandenong Executive Summary Ecology Australia was engaged by the City of Greater Dandenong to develop a Biodiversity Action Plan to guide Councils’ management of biodiversity throughout the municipality. The overarching purpose of this supporting document is to inform actions listed in the Biodiversity Action Plan. This document compiles and summarises the state of biodiversity within the municipality based on a combination of database searches, site assessments and a review of relevant reports. The document details areas of biodiversity significance, threats to biodiversity as well as habitat quality and connectivity for threatened/iconic species. This information has been used to identify appropriate actions and priorities to improve biodiversity outcomes across the municipality. Extensive vegetation loss has occurred throughout the study area since settlement, resulting in low levels of canopy cover across the municipality and significant reductions in the extent of remnant vegetation. Despite this loss of vegetation, a number of sites within the LGA still contain significant patches of remnant vegetation. These remnants provide habitat for a number of fauna species, including Possums, Flying Foxes, Kookaburas, various Lorikeets, Honeyeaters and Robins. In addition, agricultural areas (particularly within the Green Wedge) contain high numbers of remnant River Red Gums that contribute significantly to the biodiversity of the study area. A wide range of threats to biodiversity have been assessed, and opportunities for actions to protect and enhance biodiversity have been identified.
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