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October, 1976 the Coup in Thailand Back issues of BCAS publications published on this site are intended for non-commercial use only. Photographs and other graphics that appear in articles are expressly not to be reproduced other than for personal use. All rights reserved. CONTENTS Vol. 9, No. 3: July–September 1977 • Jayne Werner - Introduction • David Millikin - Introduction to Violence and the Military Coup • Puey Ungphakorn - Violence and the Military Coup • Benedict Anderson - Withdrawal Symptoms: Social and Cultural Aspects of the October 6 Coup • Thadeus Flood - The Vietnamese Refugees in Thailand: Minority Manipulation and Counterinsurgency • Carl Trocki - Boonsanong Punyodyana: Thai Scholar and Socialist, 1936-1976 • Rex Wingerter - The United States Base on Diego Garcia: The Competition for the Third World BCAS/Critical Asian Studies www.bcasnet.org CCAS Statement of Purpose Critical Asian Studies continues to be inspired by the statement of purpose formulated in 1969 by its parent organization, the Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars (CCAS). CCAS ceased to exist as an organization in 1979, but the BCAS board decided in 1993 that the CCAS Statement of Purpose should be published in our journal at least once a year. We first came together in opposition to the brutal aggression of the United States in Vietnam and to the complicity or silence of our profession with regard to that policy. Those in the field of Asian studies bear responsibility for the consequences of their research and the political posture of their profession. We are concerned about the present unwillingness of specialists to speak out against the implications of an Asian policy committed to en- suring American domination of much of Asia. We reject the le- gitimacy of this aim, and attempt to change this policy. We recognize that the present structure of the profession has often perverted scholarship and alienated many people in the field. The Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars seeks to develop a humane and knowledgeable understanding of Asian societies and their efforts to maintain cultural integrity and to confront such problems as poverty, oppression, and imperialism. We real- ize that to be students of other peoples, we must first understand our relations to them. CCAS wishes to create alternatives to the prevailing trends in scholarship on Asia, which too often spring from a parochial cultural perspective and serve selfish interests and expansion- ism. Our organization is designed to function as a catalyst, a communications network for both Asian and Western scholars, a provider of central resources for local chapters, and a commu- nity for the development of anti-imperialist research. Passed, 28–30 March 1969 Boston, Massachusetts Contents: Vol. 9, No. 3 July - Sept., 1977 Special Supplement October 1976: The Coup in Thailand Jayne Werner 2 Introduction to the Supplement David Millikin 3 Introduction to "Violence and the Military Coup" Puey Ungpbakorn 4 Violence and the Military Coup in Thailand Ben Anderson 13 Withdrawal Symptoms: Social and Cultural Aspects of the October 6 Coup E. Tbadeus Flood 31 The Vietnamese Refugees in Thailand: Minority Manipulation in Counterinsurge.ncy Carl A. Trocki 48 Boonsanong Punyodyana: Thai Socialist and Scholar, 1936-1976 Back Cover Map of Thammasat University Rex Wingerter 52 The United States, the Soviet Union and the Indian Ocean: The Competition for the Third World 55 Map of the Indian Ocean Region Editors Herbert P. Bix (Tokyo); Bruce Cumings (Seattle) Associate Editor: Jayne Werner (Tucson, AZ); Managing Editor: Bryant Avery (Charlemont, MA) Editorial Board Len Adams, Nina Adams (Springfield, IL), Doug Allen (Orono, ME), Steve Andors (Staten Island), Frank Baldwin (Tokyo), Helen Chauncey (Palo Alto, CA), Noam Chomsky (Lexington, MA), Gene Cooper (Hong Kong), John Dower (Madison, WO, Richard Franke (Boston), Kathleen Gough (Vancouver), Jon Halliday (Mexico City), George Hildebrand (Washington, DC), Richard Kagan (St. Paul, MN), Ben Kerkvliet (Honolulu), Rich Levy (Somerville, MA), Perry Link (Los Angeles), Victor Lippit (Riverside, CA), Jon Livingston (Berkeley), Ngo Vinh Long (Cambridge, MA), Angus McDonald (Minneapolis, MN), Victor Nee (Ithaca, NY), Felicia Oldfather (Trinidad, CA), Gail Omvedt (La Jolla, CA), James Peck (New York), Ric Pfeffer (Baltimore, MD), Carl Riskin (New York), Moss Roberts (New York), Mark Selden (Tokyo), Hari Sharma (Burnaby, BC), Linda Shin (Los Angeles), George Totten (Stockholm, Sweden), Anita Weiss (Oakland, CA), Thomas Weisskopf (Ann Arbor, MO, Christine White (Canberra, Australia), Martha Winnacker (Berkeley). General Correspondence: BCAS, Post Office Box W, Charlemont, Massachusetts 01339. Typesetting: Archetype, Berkeley, California. Printing: Valley Printing Company, West Springfield, Massachusetts. Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, July-September 1977, Volume9, NO.3. Published quarterly in Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter. Subscriptions: $8; student rate $6; library rate $14; foreign rate (outside North America) $9; student rate $7. Bryant Avery, Publisher, P.O. Box W, Charlemont, MA 01339. Second Class postage paid at Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts 01370. Copyright © Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 1977. ISSN No. 0007-4810 (US) Postmaster: Please send Form 3579 to BCAS, P.O. Box W, Charlemont, MA 01339. Special Focus: October, 1976 The Coup in Thailand Introduction to the Supplement by Jayne Werner The return of the generals to power in Bangkok last The military claimed the following justifications for year, after only three short years of civilian rule, brought fears their action: student confrontations and violence, internal and that Thailand would be Asia's Chile. Political repression was external communist subversion, parliamentary ineptness and harsh and swift, and the international circumstances stalemate, and deprecation of the ancient trinity of "king, surrounding the coup pointed to at least partial United States religion, and country." But what were the underlying sources responsibility . of the coup? The essay by Benedict R. O'G. Anderson is a According to the U.S.-based Union of Democratic detailed and original analysis of the political consequences of Thais, * over 10,000 students, professors, political figures, the rise of new groups in Thai society over the last two labor and farm leaders have been arrested since the coup, decades. Incidentally, Anderson prefers the use of "Siam" accused of having communist affiliations. U.S. military aid to instead of Thailand, as this has been the choice of some Thailand ,has increased over the last five years (from $68 democratic and non-rightist elements in the country. million to $83 million) in an apparent attempt to strengthen Thadeus Flood turns to a consideration of another the position of the right-wing military. The new junta used aspect of the change to military rule-the presence of a CIA-trained forces to crush student demonstrators during the Vietnamese minority in Thailand. What is the history of their coup, and two of the right-wing terrorist squads suspected of presence in Thailand? This issue has been an important one in responsibility for political assassinations have been tied Thai right-wing justifications of military rule, and of course in directly to CIA operations. U.S. propaganda. It also carries an added dimension-what will be the long-range implications for political and diplomatic The special supplement on Thailand in this issue focuses change in Thailand as a result of the victories of the attention on several aspects of the reversion to military rule. Indochinese revolutions? The essay by Dr. Puey Ungphakorn, with an introduction by Finally we have a tribute written by Carl Trocki to David Millikin, describes the events leading up to the coup and Boonsanong Punyodyana, one of the thousands of victims of establishes the conspiratorial role of the military and police in the conspiratorial violence which led up to the coup and the triggering the coup. Puey Ungphakorn, the former Rector of subsequent repression. Boonsanong, a Cornell Ph.D. graduate Thammasat University in Bangkok, is now in exile. in Asian Studies who was known personally to many of the Bulletin's readers including this editor, was Secretary General of the Socialist Party of Thailand and the author of numerous scholarly articles on the sociology of Thailand. Boonsanong • Persons wishing to correspond with the Union of Democratic Thais studied in the U.S. during the early days of the anti-war which, aside from political organization, also puts out the Thai Bulletin movement, which were also, of course, the formative years of and Thai Information Center News Brief-the latter a weekly compilation of news accounts-may write to U.D.T., P.O. Box 17808, the Committee of Concerned Asian Scholars and the Bulletin. Los Angeles, CA 90017. 2 Introduction to "Violence and the Military Coup" The sound of the people's songs echo Against the enemy. Bare hands and death, Blood soaks bodies and soil. by David Millikin The student movement for a democratic constitution majority of the population. This active dedication has played a leading role in the overthrow of the Thanom-Praphas constantly placed him in clear opposition to the feudal Thai regime in October 1973. For the next three years of ruling class and the military generals who have protected the heightened civil liberties under the nominally civilian govern­ system's inequity for decades. Puey's attack on the pervasive ment, these students fanned out through the country to give personal and bureaucratic
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