DOCSLIB.ORG

Trakun, Politics and the Thai State Katja Rangsivek

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Trakun, Politics and the Thai State Katja Rangsivek Trakun, Politics and the Thai State Katja Rangsivek To cite this version: Katja Rangsivek. Trakun, Politics and the Thai State. Social Anthropology and ethnology. University of Copenhagen, 2013. English. tel-00850357 HAL Id: tel-00850357 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850357 Submitted on 6 Aug 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. TRAKUN, POLITICS AND THE THAI STATE Katja Rangsivek Southeast Asian Studies Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies Prinicipal Supervisor: Dr. Dr.phil. Cynthia Gek Hua Chou Associate Professor with Special Qualifications Southeast Asian Studies Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies Co-Supervisor: Dr. Martin B. Platt Associate Professor Southeast Asian Studies Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies PhD Thesis February 2013 Faculty of Humanities University of Copenhagen i ii Abstract in English Political trakun are patrilineages that have distinguished themselves through engaging in politics over several generations by filling key positions of the state, such as the cabinet and parliament. The study of political trakun though has not yet been given academic attention. Despite most accounts of Thai political history being simultaneously the accounts of the royal and other elite families, little research has aimed to understand the entanglement of families and the state. The literature on Thailand after 1932 offers even less insight into Thai kinship politics. Political trakun, if they are mentioned at all, generally appear in footnotes, as anecdotes or as part of biographies. In this thesis I will address this gap. This thesis will show what political trakun are and how they are established. Their evolvement over the course of history and the way they adapted to changing political circumstances will also be examined. It will be explained how political trakun have been able to become entwined with the Thai state. This will be demonstrated through the analysis of the case studies of five political trakun in the larger context of Thai society and politics. Particular events from these trakun’s lives and careers, such as marriages, election campaigns and funerals, will function as lenses through which to critically reassess the intersection of seemingly disparate strands: the trakun and the state. This study will argue that political trakun have taken crucial positions in the Thai state over decades. In this way they have control of the state and amass resources which they can transform into economic and symbolic capital. This capital is used to win elections and to maintain the influential position of political trakun. Capital is reproduced through socialization from one generation to the next. Strategic marriages create alliances or strengthen cooperation in the trakun. Upon the death of one member of the trakun, the funeral mediates the possible loss of symbolic capital in all its forms. Hereby, the traditional funeral rituals are utilized and reinvented for the proliferation of the trakun’s symbolic capital. The role of political trakun shows that the Thai state is an abstract concept of an institution exercising sovereignty over a given territory, relating fundamentally to the maintenance of order within its territory and to the business of government. This has given rise to the image of an organizational structure, which is recognized as the state. The praxis of government, however, is performed by an entangled mass of interlocking relationships between individuals and groups of individuals. One type of such relationships that is integral to the Thai state is kinship relationships, which are manifest in the political trakun. iii iv Abstract in Danish Politiske trakun er patrilineære slægtsgrupper der har udmærket sig gennem engagement i politik igennem adskillige generationer ved at udfylde nøglepositioner i staten, såsom i kabinettet og parlamentet. De er endnu ikke blevet viet akademisk opmærksomhed. På trods af at de fleste redegørelser for Thailands politiske historie samtidig er beretninger om kongefamilien og andre elitefamilier, findes der ikke megen forskning der har søgt at forstå hvordan familierne og staten smelter sammen. Litteraturen om Thailand efter 1932 giver endnu mindre indsigt i slægtskabsrelateret politik i Thailand. Hvis de overhovedet nævnes optræder politiske trakun generelt i fodnoter, som anekdoter eller dele af biografier. I denne afhandling vil jeg behandle dette hul i litteraturen. Denne afhandling vil vise hvad politiske trakun er og hvordan de er blevet grundlagt. Ydermere vil deres udvikling gennem historien samt måden hvorpå de har tilpasset sig skiftende politiske omstændigheder blive undersøgt. Der vil blive givet en forklaring på hvordan politiske trakun har været i stand til at smelte sammen med den thailandske stat. Dette vil blive demonstreret gennem analyse af beretningerne om fem politiske trakun set i forhold til den bredere kontekst der udgøres af det thailandske samfund og af politik i Thailand. Specifikke begivenheder fra disse trakuns liv og karrierer, såsom ægteskaber, valgkampagner og begravelser fungerer som linser der skaber en optik som muliggør en kritisk gentænkning af krydsfeltet mellem tilsyneladende separate størrelser: trakun og staten. Dette studie vil argumentere for at politiske trakun har indtaget nøglestillinger i den thailandske stat gennem årtier. På denne måde kontrollerer de staten og samler ressourcer som de kan transformere til økonomisk og symbolsk kapital. Denne kapital bruges til at vinde valg og til at fastehold de politiske trakuns indflydelsesrige positioner. Kapital reproduceres gennem socialisering fra en generation til den næste. Strategiske ægteskabspagter skaber alliancer eller styrker samarbejdet i en trakun. Når et medlem af en trakun dør medierer begravelsen det mulige tab af symbolsk kapital i alle dets fremtrædelsesformer. Herved bliver traditionelle begravelsesritualer benyttet og genfortolket for at tjene til udbredelsen af trakuns symbolske kapital. Den rolle politiske trakun spiller viser at den thailandske stat er en abstrakt forestilling om en institution der udøver sin suverænitet over et givent territorium, og relaterer grundlæggende til opretholdelsen af orden indenfor dens territorium og til regeringsudøvelsen. Dette har frembragt et billede af en organisationsstruktur, der anerkendes som staten. Regeringspraksissen udføres af en sammenfiltret masse af relationer mellem individer og grupper af individer. En af disse typer af relationer, som er en uadskillelig del af en thailandske stat, er slægtskabsrelationer, som er åbenbare i de politiske trakun. v vi Contents Tables .............................................................................................................................................. x Figures............................................................................................................................................ xi Acknowledgment ......................................................................................................................... xiii Note on Translations, Transliteration and the Usage of Names ................................................... xv Chapter 1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 17 Kinship and Politics: Positioning this Study............................................................................. 18 Kinship Politics in the Philippines ........................................................................................ 19 Thai History and Political Trakun......................................................................................... 21 The Modern Thai State and Political Trakun........................................................................ 24 The Argument ........................................................................................................................... 28 Thesis Outline ........................................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 2 Data Collection .......................................................................................................... 34 Talking to Political Families ..................................................................................................... 35 Observing Political Families ..................................................................................................... 38 Written Sources on Political Families....................................................................................... 40 The Researcher.......................................................................................................................... 41 Identifying Political Families.................................................................................................... 43 Research Sample ....................................................................................................................... 46 The Choonhavans.................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (Unofficial Translation) Order of the Centre for the Administration of the Situation Due to the Outbreak of the Communicable Disease Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) No
    (Unofficial Translation) Order of the Centre for the Administration of the Situation due to the Outbreak of the Communicable Disease Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) No. 1/2564 Re : COVID-19 Zoning Areas Categorised as Maximum COVID-19 Control Zones based on Regulations Issued under Section 9 of the Emergency Decree on Public Administration in Emergency Situations B.E. 2548 (2005) ------------------------------------ Pursuant to the Declaration of an Emergency Situation in all areas of the Kingdom of Thailand as from 26 March B.E. 2563 (2020) and the subsequent 8th extension of the duration of the enforcement of the Declaration of an Emergency Situation until 15 January B.E. 2564 (2021); In order to efficiently manage and prepare the prevention of a new wave of outbreak of the communicable disease Coronavirus 2019 in accordance with guidelines for the COVID-19 zoning based on Regulations issued under Section 9 of the Emergency Decree on Public Administration in Emergency Situations B.E. 2548 (2005), by virtue of Clause 4 (2) of the Order of the Prime Minister No. 4/2563 on the Appointment of Supervisors, Chief Officials and Competent Officials Responsible for Remedying the Emergency Situation, issued on 25 March B.E. 2563 (2020), and its amendments, the Prime Minister, in the capacity of the Director of the Centre for COVID-19 Situation Administration, with the advice of the Emergency Operation Center for Medical and Public Health Issues and the Centre for COVID-19 Situation Administration of the Ministry of Interior, hereby orders Chief Officials responsible for remedying the emergency situation and competent officials to carry out functions in accordance with the measures under the Regulations, for the COVID-19 zoning areas categorised as maximum control zones according to the list of Provinces attached to this Order.
    [Show full text]
  • Facing Politics and Power in Anthropology
    PART ONE: POWER AND POLITICS FROM STATELESS SOCIETIES TO GLOBAL CAPITALISM FACINGFACING POLITICSPOLITICS ANDAND POWERPOWER ININ ANTHROPOLOGYANTHROPOLOGY Early Anthropological Perspectives on Power Power and social stratification Power and “complex societies” Politics is the process by which power is distributed and decisions are made Weber: power—coercion & authority Early Anthropological Perspectives on Power AUTHORITY: 1. Legal-Rational Authority 2. Traditional Authority 3. Charismatic Authority Typologies of Power and Political Systems Evolutionary typologies Kinship to State --Maine (1861): Status vs. Contract --Morgan (1877): Descent group vs. Property --Engels (1884): Kinship vs. Territory --Durkheim (1893): Mechanical vs. Organic Solidarity --Mauss (1925): Gift exchange vs. Commodity exchange Typologies of Power and Political Systems Service (1962) Sahlins (1963) Childe (1936) Fried (1967) Johnson and Earle (1987) Earle (1978) Hunter- Band (family level) Head man Egalitarian society gatherers Farmers Tribe (local group) Big man Ranked society Civilization Chiefdom Simple Stratified Society Complex Stratified society State State State State Typologies of Power and Political Systems Structural-Functionalist correspondences: Meyer Fortes & E. E. Evans-Pritchard (1940:5-6) sub-Saharan Africa, two forms of polity: “primitive states”—kingship & office “stateless societies”—descent Typologies of Power and Political Systems --evolution of social complexity as a political process --control over labour of non-kin --Elman Service (1962): Band,
    [Show full text]
  • Thailand's Moment of Truth — Royal Succession After the King Passes Away.” - U.S
    THAILAND’S MOMENT OF TRUTH A SECRET HISTORY OF 21ST CENTURY SIAM #THAISTORY | VERSION 1.0 | 241011 ANDREW MACGREGOR MARSHALL MAIL | TWITTER | BLOG | FACEBOOK | GOOGLE+ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. This story is dedicated to the people of Thailand and to the memory of my colleague Hiroyuki Muramoto, killed in Bangkok on April 10, 2010. Many people provided wonderful support and inspiration as I wrote it. In particular I would like to thank three whose faith and love made all the difference: my father and mother, and the brave girl who got banned from Burma. ABOUT ME I’m a freelance journalist based in Asia and writing mainly about Asian politics, human rights, political risk and media ethics. For 17 years I worked for Reuters, including long spells as correspondent in Jakarta in 1998-2000, deputy bureau chief in Bangkok in 2000-2002, Baghdad bureau chief in 2003-2005, and managing editor for the Middle East in 2006-2008. In 2008 I moved to Singapore as chief correspondent for political risk, and in late 2010 I became deputy editor for emerging and frontier Asia. I resigned in June 2011, over this story. I’ve reported from more than three dozen countries, on every continent except South America. I’ve covered conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Lebanon, the Palestinian Territories and East Timor; and political upheaval in Israel, Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand and Burma. Of all the leading world figures I’ve interviewed, the three I most enjoyed talking to were Aung San Suu Kyi, Xanana Gusmao, and the Dalai Lama.
    [Show full text]
  • An Updated Checklist of Aquatic Plants of Myanmar and Thailand
    Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1019 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1019 Taxonomic paper An updated checklist of aquatic plants of Myanmar and Thailand Yu Ito†, Anders S. Barfod‡ † University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand ‡ Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Corresponding author: Yu Ito ([email protected]) Academic editor: Quentin Groom Received: 04 Nov 2013 | Accepted: 29 Dec 2013 | Published: 06 Jan 2014 Citation: Ito Y, Barfod A (2014) An updated checklist of aquatic plants of Myanmar and Thailand. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1019. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1019 Abstract The flora of Tropical Asia is among the richest in the world, yet the actual diversity is estimated to be much higher than previously reported. Myanmar and Thailand are adjacent countries that together occupy more than the half the area of continental Tropical Asia. This geographic area is diverse ecologically, ranging from cool-temperate to tropical climates, and includes from coast, rainforests and high mountain elevations. An updated checklist of aquatic plants, which includes 78 species in 44 genera from 24 families, are presented based on floristic works. This number includes seven species, that have never been listed in the previous floras and checklists. The species (excluding non-indigenous taxa) were categorized by five geographic groups with the exception of to reflect the rich diversity of the countries' floras. Keywords Aquatic plants, flora, Myanmar, Thailand © Ito Y, Barfod A. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    [Show full text]
  • Families and Their Social Worlds 2Nd Edition Seccombe Test Bank
    Families and their Social Worlds 2nd Edition Seccombe Test Bank Full Download: https://alibabadownload.com/product/families-and-their-social-worlds-2nd-edition-seccombe-test-bank/ Chapter 2 Families Throughout the World: Marriage, Family, and Kinship 2.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) According to anthropologist William Stephens, the definition of marriage includes four important components. Which is NOT one of them? A) a socially legitimate sexual union B) a public announcement C) contains some ideas about permanence D) involves one man and one woman E) assumes an explicit marriage contract that spells out reciprocal obligations between spouses, and between spouses and their children Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 41 2) Families are found throughout the world. Despite their diversity, there are many critical universal features of families. Which is NOT one of these universal features? A) marriage B) regulation of sexual behavior C) reproduction and socializing children D) taking care of the elderly E) property and inheritance Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 41-43 3) Deeya is a graduate of Yale University. This is an example of a/an: A) ascribed status B) achieved status C) bilateral status D) exogamy E) gemeinschaft Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42 4) Laurel is a White teenager who lives in Beverly Hills, CA with her wealthy parents. Her sex, race, and social class are examples of a/an: A) ascribed status B) achieved status C) neolocal status D) endogamy E) gesellschaft Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42 5) As a student, you usually take notes in class. Student is your ________; taking notes is your ________.
    [Show full text]
  • Event Report
    ASEANAFFAIRS.ASEANAFFAIRS. COM PresentsPresents Save ur Planet KualaKuala Lumpur, Singapore, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta, India : comingcoming soon Get Details at www.aseanaffairs.comwww.aseanaffairs.com SAVE OUR PLANET 2 the Queen SirikitThursday, National March Convention 25, 2010, Center, Bangkok SAVE OUR PLANET 1 Friday, March 12, 2010, the Radisson Hotel, Sathorn, Bangkok Full Report inside Series of events being organized by Asean Affairs Business Council in South East Asia, India and China on Climate Change and what we in Asia can do to meet the challenges of Global Warming and reducing our carbon footprints A before it is too late. After the two hugely successful events in Bangkok in March 2010, the next events are being planned this year finally leading upto to a mega conference. To participate, sponsor or speak at our events and to receive the complete report of Save Our Planet 1 (SOP 1) and Save Our Planet 2 (Sop 2), please e-mail us at [email protected] Conference Partners ASEAN AFFAIRS Save Our Planet Report www.AseanAffairs.com/events/SOP1 1 ASEAN AFFAIRS Save Our Planet Report www.AseanAffairs.com/events/SOP1 2 SAVE OUR PLANET CONTENTS Save Our Planet 1 Foreword 3 Programme 4-5 Supported By 6-7 Biographies 8-9 Welcome Address 10-15 Presentations by Speakers (Summary) 16-18 Feed back 19 List of Participants 20-23 Save Our Planet 2 Programme 24-25 Supported By 26-27 Biographies 28-29 Welcome Address 30-33 ASEAN AFFAIRS Save Our Planet Report www.AseanAffairs.com/events/SOP1 www.AseanAffairs.com/events/SOP11 EVENTS s(ORASIS'LOBAL)NDIA Asean Leadership Forum 7th Asean Leadership Forum "USINESS-EETING *UNE !PRIL 3HERATON'RANDE3UKHUMVIT "ANGKOK +UALA,UMPUR -ALAYSIA *UNE sTH!SEAN,EADERSHIP &ORUM !PRIL s3!6%/520,!.%4 -ARCH s3!6%/520,!.%4 -ARCH s(ORASIS!NNUAL-EETING H.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Banking on the Future of Asia and the Pacific the and Asia Future of the on Banking
    BANKING ON THE FUTURE OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Banking on the Future of Asia and the Pacifi c 50 Years of the Asian Development Bank This book is a history of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), a multilateral development bank established 50 years ago to serve Asia and the Pacifi c. Focusing on the region’s BANK DEVELOPMENT YEARS OF THE ASIAN economic development, the evolution of the international development agenda, and the story of ADB itself, Banking on the Future of Asia and the Pacifi c raises several key questions: What are the outstanding features of regional development to which ADB had to respond? How has the bank grown and evolved in changing circumstances? How did ADB’s successive leaders promote reforms while preserving continuity with the e orts of their predecessors? ADB has played an important role in the transformation of Asia and the Pacifi c over the past 50 years. As ADB continues to evolve and adapt to the region’s changing development landscape, the experiences highlighted in this book can provide valuable insight on how best to serve Asia and the Pacifi c in the future. Peter McCawley Peter “ADB is a child of genuine aspiration by people across BANKING ON the region and the establishment of ADB represents the spirit of regional cooperation.” THE FUTURE OF ASIA ADB President Takehiko Nakao AND THE PACIFIC YEARS OF THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Peter McCawley ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines www.adb.org ADB@50 History Book_COVER 6x9 - 2.6 cm spine.indd 1 6/15/2017 1:45:13 PM BANKING ON THE FUTURE OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC 50 YEARS OF THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Peter McCawley © 2017 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444 www.adb.org All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • November 5, 2020 Thai Enquirer Summary Political News • As The
    November 5, 2020 Thai Enquirer Summary Political News As the world holds its breath to see who will make it to becoming the next president of the United States, the results that are flowing in are making it look a little clearer. As of 09:00 Thai time Joe Biden was leading in every count that is being declared o 264:214 Domestically embattled Prime Minister Gen Prayut Chan-o-cha’s fate will be decided by the Constitutional Court early next month over his alleged unlawful occupation of an army residence amid constant calls from pro-democracy protesters that carried out months-long rallies. The Constitutional Court set December 2 to rule on a case against Gen Prayut for his prolonged stay in the army-owned residence. The court’s ruling is a result of the opposition’s petition filed by Pheu Thai Party and opposition leader Sompong Amornwiwat who asked the court to consider if Gen Prayut should be disqualified as prime minister and defence minister for remaining in a military house beyond retirement, breaking army regulations and Section 170(4), and Section 184 (3) of the constitution. Pro-democracy activists came out to reject a parliament-initiated plans to form a reconciliation committee, calling it a “political ploy to buy time,” and reiterated the demand for the immediate resignation of embattled Prime Minister Gen Prayuth Chan-o- cha. The protesters have spurned Gen Prayut’s request to join the so-called reconciliation committee appointed through the parliamentary process to resolve ongoing political problems. The proposed committee is poised to discuss the demands of the protesters in a bid to ease political tensions and restart the stalled process for charter amendment later this month.
    [Show full text]
  • The Agricultural Water Resource Management Model in Lam Se Bai Irrigation Area, Amnat Charoen Province, Thailand
    International Journal of Agricultural Technology 2018 Vol. 14(7): 1147-1160 Available online http://www.ijat-aatsea.com ISSN: 2630-0613 (Print) 2630-0192 (Online) The agricultural water resource management model in Lam Se Bai Irrigation Area, Amnat Charoen Province, Thailand Chunsuparerk, D. * The Regional Development Strategies Graduate School, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Thailand. Chunsuparerk, D. (2018). The agricultural water resource management model in Lam Se Bai Irrigation Area, Amnat Charoen Province, Thailand. International Journal of Agricultural Technology 14(7): 1147-1160. Abstract Upon encountering crisis from climatic and geographical influences in Lam Se Bai irrigation in Hua Taphan district, Amnat Charoen province particularly during summer and rainy season, the impacts of drought and flood are considered as persistent obstacles to the subsistence and economic security for domestic farmers. Regarding its consequence as a principal stakeholder of approximately 474 Acres in the affected area, this research was conducted to solve significant problems specified as follows; submerging floodplains, water deficiency, inefficient water management, negligent maintenance, inadequate water conservation, and limited knowledge in agricultural water management. The findings indicated that public participation was a prior influence, followed by water management, agricultural support, maintenance, and water conservation. These five elements enabled relevant sectors to unravel the management problems. Primarily, water management encompassed policy, measure, and management machinery improvement. The policy comprised of exploration, usage, and countermeasure. However, machinery progress required multi-cooperation, where efficacy was demanding. Integration process facilitated public to engage in planning, implementation, and evaluation. This allowed water users to promptly resolve unexpected situations. Agricultural support required collaboration to set action plans.
    [Show full text]
  • Slide 1. Lecture 9 Family Level Societies (Bands)
    Slide 1. Lecture 9 Family Level Societies (Bands) Slide 1. Definitions Achieved Status- Social status and prestige gained by personal abilities and skills rather than inheritance. Egalitarian- Societies in which all members have equal access to resources contingent on age and sex. Reciprocity- roughly equivalent exchanges of goods and services between individuals involving simple barter and/or gifts in face-to-face exchanges. Slide 3. Bands- Family Level Organization Family Level- bilateral, flexible kinship Small, mobile, Egalitarian, non-territorial hunting and gathering Strong Sharing ethics – “We hunt to share” Sexual division of labor lack of formal government and economic institutions Status is achieved rather than acquired, as many leadership positions exists as warranted by circumstances and number of qualified people. Violence- present but no institutional warfare Slide 4. Men go for risky prey (big animals) Slide 5. Women go for reliable prey (plants and small animals) Slide 6. Men tend to share to gain mating opportunities and build prestige in the group. Slide 7. Women tend to share to feed offspring, provision kin networks, and maintain cooperative relationships with other women. Slide 8. Reciprocity- Food Sharing/ Sexual Division of Labor In most band societies, men and women procure different sets of prey. Food procured by both sexes is shared- however, objectives seem to differ. Women tend to share to feed offspring, provision kin networks, and maintain cooperative relationships with other women. Men tend to share to gain mating opportunities, and build prestige and status in the group, Slide 9. Case 1 The Shoshone of the Great Basin (also includes Paiute) Slide 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology
    Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages. 1721 - 1735 Received 05 March 2021; Accepted 01 April 2021. Developing the Outstanding Potential of Socio-cultural Capital into Cultural Product and Service in the Lower Isan Areas, Thailand: UbonRatchathani, Sisaket, Yasothon, and Amnat Charoen WatcharapornJantanukul1, SanyaKenaphoom2 1Faculty of Humanity and Social Science, UbonRatchathaniRajabhat University, Thailand 2 Faculty of Political Science and Public Administration, RajabhatMahaSarakham University, Thailand ABSTRACT The cultural capital is one of the social capitals that will bring benefits, especially in the economy. In other words, if there is a sharp strategy, it will be able to convert social, cultural capital into goods and services until it can create a career or income for the owner of the capital very well. This research aimed to study the outstanding potential of appropriate socio-cultural capital to be converted into goods and services in the Lower Isaan region and to present a way to develop the outstanding potential of socio-cultural capital into goods and services, this research is a qualitative study that explores information from relevant literature, and interviews with key informants including Academics, experts, entrepreneurs, businessmen, villagers, government officials involved from all 4 provinces selected by a specific selection method of 40 people analyzed data using the Content Analysis method. The research results found that; The outstanding potentials of appropriate socio-cultural capital will be converted into goods and services in the lower northeastern region, namely: (1) UbonRatchathani area: Candle parade tradition, KabBua cloth, Ban Pa Aau brassware. (2) Sisaket province consists of the Sanonta tradition, Sheng Sanai Lai long boat tradition, Madan grilled chicken.
    [Show full text]
  • Diplomatic and Consular List
    DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR LIST December 2020 DEPARTMENT OF PROTOCOL MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS BANGKOK It is requested that amendment be reported without delay to the Protocol Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Email: [email protected] This list is up-to-date at the time of editing. There are inevitably frequent changes and amendments. The information on (a) “Order of Precedence” is as of 8 December 2020 (b) “Diplomatic Missions” as received on 5 December 2020 (c) “Consular Representatives” “Consular Representatives (Honorary)” “United Nations Organizations” and “International Organizations” are as of 8 December 2020. Spelling of districts, sub-districts, and provinces is defined by the Office of the Royal Society. CONTENTS Order of Precedence of Heads of Missions ............................................................................... 1 - 8 Diplomatic Missions ............................................................................................................. 9 - 241 Consular Representatives .................................................................................................. 242 - 260 Consular Representatives (Honorary) ............................................................................... 261 - 377 United Nations Organizations ........................................................................................... 378 - 401 International Organizations ............................................................................................... 402 - 416 Public Holidays for 2020
    [Show full text]