Index 339

INDEX

A amnesty, 279–83, 285, 301, 303 , 5, 7–8, 20, 25, 27, Amnuay Virawan, 17 30–31, 38–40, 43–45, 47, 72, Amsterdam, Robert, 280–81 77–80, 100, 120, 123–5, 132, 135, Anan Panyarachun, 44, 104, 169, 144, 165–66, 168, 173, 178, 182, 305–306 186, 194, 200–201, 245, 253, Ananda Mahidol, King, 73, 180 257–62, 274–76, 282–83, 285, 290, ancien régime, 287, 295 294, 298, 313, 319, 321, 323 Angkor Sentinel, military exercise, background of, 35 208 government under, 32–36, 42, 44, anti-monarchical conspiracy theory, 74, 76, 82, 102, 111, 115, 138, 74, 80 158, 169, 179, 183, 185, 195, see also “lom chao” 203, 205–207, 209–10, 267, 278, “anti-system” forces, 129 280, 305, 309, 329 anti-Thaksin media, 79 reform package proposed by, 89, 95 Anuman Ratchathon, Phraya, 2 absolute monarchy, 22, 192, 221–22, Anuphong Paochinda, 25, 33, 315 269–70 Apichatphong Weerasethakun, see also constitutional monarchy; 184–85 monarchy Appeals Court, 277 absolute poverty, 27, 156, 324 “aristocratic ”, 105 Academy Fantasia, reality show, 93 Army, Thai, 21–22, 25, 35, 43–44, activist monks, 290–92 76–78, 87, 133, 139, 165, 220, agents provocateurs, 294, 299 224, 227, 293, 298, 302, 304, 307, agrarian change, waves of, 232–36 309–10, 323 “ai mong”, 78 psychological warfare unit, 237 Allende, Salvador, 50 restructured, 128 Amara Phongsaphit, 303 Arvizu, Alexander, 253 American Embassy, see U.S. Embassy ASEAN (Association of Southeast ammat (establishment), 21–22, 27, 29, Asian Nations), 166, 202, 204–205, 38, 93, 99, 135, 137–38, 140, 144, 210–11, 257, 262 179, 225, 287, 292–93, 302, 304, ASEAN Charter, 202 306–309 ASEAN Plus Three, 4, 202 see also elite governance ASEAN Secretariat, 202

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ASEAN Summit, 178, 200–202 Border Patrol Police, 44 “Asia for Asians”, 208 Bottomore, Tom, 145 Asia Times Online, 258 Boyce, Ralph, 252 Asian financial crisis, 2, 15, 100, “brainwashing”, 26–27 110, 113, 146, 148, 150, 162, 215, BSI (Business Sentiment Index), 221–22, 231, 232, 329 58–59, 61, 63 “assembly of slaves”, 163 Buddhism, 30, 288, 290–91 Assembly of the Poor, 113 Bumrungrad Hospital, 115 Assets Scrutiny Committee, 302 Bunchu Rotchanasathian, 2, 16 Associated Press, 182 Burmese-style junta, 102, 105, 268 ASTV channel, 77, 79, 184, 193, 275, Burns, William, 257 301, 308, 318–19, 321 bushido, code of, 269 Atthasit Vejjajiva, 115 Aung San Suu Kyi, 261 C Australian Broadcasting Cambodia Corporation, 182 confrontation with, 186, 203–204, authoritarianism, 97–99, 101, 105, 208 164, 190 Thaksin as economic advisor to, autocracy, 267–68, 270 204, 212 Aylwin, Patricio, 51 Campaign for Popular Democracy, see CPD B Campbell, Kurt, 82, 256–59 Baker, Chris, 27, 245 capitalism, 2, 89, 101, 113, 146, 288, Ban Ki Moon, 209 304 “banana man”, 249 cash crops, 234, 236 Bangkok Commune, 133 censorhip, 184–85, 305 Bangkok Post, The, 24, 36, 94–95, 173, Central World Plaza, 134, 172 183, 185, 280, 286, 301–302, 318 Centre for the Resolution of the Banharn Silpa-archa, 16, 166 Emergency Situation, see CRES BBC, 32, 36 CFD (Confederation for Democracy), “beacon of democracy”, 161–62 193 , King, 2, 109– Chai-anan Samudavanija, 192 10, 177, 180, 182, 262, 293–95, Chakri dynasty, 3, 317 304, 327, 330, 333–37 see also Bhumibol Adulyadej born, 251 Chalat Worachat, 194 see also Chakri dynasty Chamlong Srimuang, 79, 176, , 33 191–92, 195, 271, 309 “big men”, leadership concept, 271 “Chang Noi”, 186 “biopower”, 91 Chatchai Choonhavan, 125 black-clad gunmen, 77–78, 82, 112, Chatrichaloem Yukol, Prince, 185 206, 284 Chaturon Chaisaeng, 82, 258 Black May, public uprising, 162 Chavalit Yongchaiyut, 31, 194–95 Bloch, Maurice, 316 China’s Communist Party: Atrophy and “blue shirt” militia, 79, 294 Adaptation, 37 bomb attacks, 112, 122, 131, 133 China, influence of, 208–209

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Chirmsak Pinthong, 77 Council for Democratic Reform, 281 Chuan Leekphai, 7, 18, 117, 166, 195 Council for National Security, see Chulachomklao Military Academy, CNS 195 coup d’état, 88, 100, 161, 165, 192 Chulalongkorn Hospital, 28, 133 see also military coup; September Chulalongkorn, King, 199 2006 coup see also Rama V, King CPB (Crown Property Bureau), 109, , 301, 303 149–50 civil disobedience, 24 CPD (Campaign for Popular civil society, 328 Democracy), 193–94 democracy, and, 305–306 CPT (Communist Party of ), failure of, 301–304 12, 144, 167, 168, 181, 234, class warfare, 29, 143, 144–45, 157, 297–98, 303 166, 300 CRES (Center for the Resolution of Clinton, Hillary, 253 the Emergency Situation), 11, 44, CNN, 36 77–81, 85, 102, 124–25, 141 CNS (Council for National Security), Criminal Code, 44, 167 281, 295 Criminal Court, 167 Cobra Gold, military exercise, “crisis of authority”, 310 252–53 crisis of power, 180–83 Cold War, 73, 87, 117, 167, 220, 237, Crispin, Shawn, 258 244, 249–52, 254, 263 cronyism, 16 colonialism, 199 Crown Property Bureau, see CPB communism, 16, 30, 237, 250 CRS (Congressional Research communist insurgency, 221, 237 Service), 255 Communist Party of Thailand, see “cryptocracy”, 317 CPT Cunningham, Philip, 112–13 communist resistance, 28 cyber-policing, 304–305 Confederation for Democracy, see CFD D Congressional Research Service, see DAAD (Democratic Alliance Against CRS Dictatorship), 295 Connors, Michael, 3 Daily News, newspaper, 83 conservatism, 99 Death and the Maiden, 50–51 “Constituent Assembly”, 128 decentralization, 238, 330 “Constitutional Convention”, 128 deglobalization, 57 Constitutional Court, 165, 204 Democracy Monument, 4, 76, 133, constitutional monarchy, 22, 180–81, 300 227 Democrat Party, 7, 19–21, 27, 33–34, see also absolute monarchy; 38–40, 72–77, 79, 82, 84, 97, monarchy 100, 104, 115, 138, 145, 150–54, contract labour, 114 156–57, 166, 178, 182, 187, corporate interest, 101 193–95, 204, 210, 222, 225–26, corruption, 100, 103, 111, 164–65, 251 290, 293, 301, 307 “cosmopolitan villagers”, 243 democratic rule, 22

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demonstrators for hire (mop rap Emory University, 114 chang), 196 Emporium, shopping mall, 2 Deleuzeo-Guattarian, defining “e-san Discovery Channel”, 79 desire, 89–90, 95 EU (European Union), 57, 210 Department of Special Investigation, “event-making men”, 269–70 see DSI executive decree, 163 despotism, 268 executive power, 100–101, 282 Dhammic Power (Phalang Tham) extrajudicial killing, 30, 111, 126, 176, Party, 176 210, 252 dictatorial conservatism, 22 “directed democracy”, 305–306 F “disparity problem”, 325–26 Fair Deal, 23 Doner, Richard, 114 Faleomavaega, Eni F.H., 259 Don Mueang Airport, 24 farang, 17–18 Don Pramutwinai, 260 fascism, 105, 268, 270–71, 288 Dorfman, Ariel, 50–52 feudal system, 292 “double standards”, 88, 95, 108, 139, Fifth Reign, reforms during, 292 144, 179, 206, 225–26, 245, 253, Fifth Republic, France, 191 281, 288, 296, 298 financial crisis of 1997, see Asian UDD strategy on, 276–84 financial crisis DSI (Department of Special Financial Times, The, 182 Investigation), 81, 84, 138, 278–79 First World, 222, 324 Dusit Thani Hotel, 25 First World War, see World War I fiscal policy, 2, 326 E five-point “compromise” (prongdong) EAS (East Asia Summit), 4, 202 plan, 81, 84–86, 262, 275 East Asian and Pacific Affairs “flexible engagement”, 210 Bureau, United States Forbes, magazine, 110 Department of State, 255–56 foreign capital, 110 Economist, The, 127, 182, 336 foreign policy, 199–200, 211, 251 economy, of Thailand, 24, 34, 55–62, politicization of, 201–205 137, 174, 181, 183, 215, 227 Fox News, 116 “EDSA”, mass demonstration in the Franco, Francisco, 288 Philippines, 192 Free Aceh Movement, 211 Election Commission, 163, 302 “free speech”, 93 electoral fraud, 165 Freedom House, 272 electoral politics, 239–40, 242 French republicanism, 191 11th Infantry Regiment, 79 elite governance, 17–18, 24, 293 G see also ammat G-20 Summit, 210–11 elite liberalism, 99, 103, 105 Gambetta, Diego, 320 elites, concerns of the, 300–301 GDP, of Thailand, 55–56, 59–62, 216, Emergency Administrative Act, 285 222, 325, 329 Emergency Decree, 43–48, 77, 82, 89, Gini coefficient, 217–18 92, 100, 122, 278, 290, 303, 319 Girling, J.L.S., 248, 263

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globalization, 114, 244, 246, 303 Independent, The, 182 government accountability, 275 Independent Truth and Government House, 3, 21, 23–24, 33, Reconciliation Commission, see 79, 111, 178, 194, 196, 277–78, ITRC 290, 294 Indochinese War, 233 Graham, Bruce, 191 Indonesia, reforms in, 211 Gramsci, Antonio, 98, 310 inequality, in Thailand, 148–50, 217, “Grand Bargain”, renegotiation of 219–20, 228, 324–25 social compact, 126 information regime, 314–18 Great East Asian War, 12 Internal Security Act, 122, 303 Great Man Theory of History, 269 Internal Security Operations Great Society, 23 Command, 85, 291 grenade attack, 25 International Court of Justice, 203 GST (Goods and Services Tax), 62 Interpol, 207 Irish Times, The, 145 H Irrawady, The, magazine, 145 Handley, Paul, 335 ITRC (Independent Truth and Harrington, Michael, 23 Reconciliation Commission), Hayami, Yujiro, 325 45–50 health-care scheme, 92, 113, 115, 223, members of, 53 240, 307, 328 Hero in History, The, 270 J historical amnesia, 280, 284 Jackson, Andrew, 262 Hitler, Adolf, 269 Jakrapob Penkair, 116 HLAC (Human Rights and Legal Japanese militarism, 269 Assistance Centre), 49 Jatuporn Phomphan, 114–16, 275, Hook, Sidney, 269 279–80, 284, 309 House of Representatives, Thailand, Ji Ungpakon, 112–13 93, 127, 163 John, Eric, 255, 258 House of Representatives, United John, Sophia, 258 States, 261, 262-63, 265 judiciary, 207, 224, 282 HRW (Human Rights Watch), 44, June 24 Democracy Group, 261 164, 304 Human Development Report, United K Nations Development Program, Kahan, Alan, 105 324 Kanit Na Nakorn, 5, 44–46, 283 Hun Sen, 31, 204–205 Kanngoen thanakhan, magazine, 150 “Hyde Park” movement, 196 karma, concept of, 92 Kasit Piromya, 78, 82, 84, 139, 144, I 182, 203–205, 207, 258, 260 “ideological state apparatus”, 93 Katz, Cindi, 243 IMF (International Monetary Fund), Kenney, Kristie, 258 100, 110 Keyes, Charles, 29, 243 income, in Thailand, 27, 147–48, Khattiya “Se Daeng” Sawatdiphon, 166–67, 217–18, 325 76, 112, 298, 301

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Khom Chat Luek, newspaper, 301 “manufactured crisis”, 193 Kiat Sitthi-amon, 208, 210, 258–59 “many-coloured” group, King Never Smiles, The, 335 demonstration, 79–80 Kinokuniya, 2 Marciel, Scot, 257 kinship network, 238–39 Marcos, Ferdinand, 192 Kittiphong Na Ranong, 260–61 market economy, 234 Kittiwutho, 30 Marxism, 144 Korn Chatikawanit, 34, 36 mass media, 175, 313, 315–16, 318, Klausner, Bill, 20 321 Kraisak Choonhavan, 179 mass rally, 190, 221 Kriangsak Chomanan, 28, 30, 181, Matichon, weekly, 4 239–40 May 2010, crackdown, 4–6, 38–39, Krit Garnjana-goonchorn, 249 43–50, 52, 58, 65, 72, 75, 82–83, Kukrit Pramoj, 2, 16 87–89, 93, 97, 102, 104, 11–12, Kuznets, Simon, 217 115, 117, 124–28, 131, 133, 139–40, 144, 157, 161, 168–69, L 185, 191, 206–207, 209–10, 220, labour migration, 235 226–28, 231–32, 240, 245, 248, Laos, communist takeover, 237 253, 260, 267–68, 270, 274–75, Le facisme c’est Mussolini, 269 283–84, 288–90, 292, 295, 299, Lee Kuan Yew, 223 301, 306, 308–10, 314, 319, 321, lèse majesté, law, 3, 73, 76, 80–81, 88, 329 182, 225, 280, 295, 315, 336 casualties, 14, 43, 171–72 liberal authoritarianism, 100–103 McCargo, Duncan, 115–16, 230 liberal-conservative pact, 99, McChrystal, Stanley, 94 100–103 media control, and Thaksin, 163–64, liberal democracy, 162 176 liberal-democratic polity, 100 media-driven issues, 301–304 liberalism, 3, 98–101, 103–105, 107 “men in black”, 112, 133, 284 Lintner, Bertil, 114 see also black-clad gunmen “lom chao” (anti-monarchy views or micro-finance, 223 conspiracy), 75, 80, 84 middle class, 22–23, 28, 109, 111, 157, list of suspected members, 81 166, 173, 175, 177, 181–83, 216, see also monarchy 222–24, 226, 230, 236, 292, 300, Lumphini Park, 80, 133 307 “middle-income peasantry”, 324, M 327, 330 Ma Nakhon, film, 174, 187 militant Buddhism, 291 Maas, Michael, 302 military coup, 20–22, 27, 73, 108, 124, Mahathir Mohamad, 223 127, 132, 152, 165, 173, 181, 206, “Maha X”, monk, 291 224, 252–53, 282, 333 Malaysia, rural urbanization in, 243 see also coup d’état; September 2006 Manager (Phu chatkan), media group, coup 301–302, 308, 319 military role, 88, 180 Manila Pact, 250, 262 military rule, 22, 181

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military, use of force, 25, 74 National Human Rights Mill, John Stuart, 318 Commission, see NHRC Millennium Development Goals, 324 national identity, 237 Ministry of Culture, 185 National Police Office, 44 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 203, 256, “national reconciliation”, 92 260 national referendum, 165, 177 Ministry of Information and National Security Council, 256 Communication Technology, 304 National Statistical Office, see NSO Ministry of Public Health, 14 National United Front for “mobilized crisis”, 193 Democracy against Dictatorship, monarchy, 2, 73–74, 101, 104, 109, see UDD 125, 157, 168, 173, 180, 182, nationalism, 11, 73 223, 225–26, 251, 254, 261, 272, NATO (North Atlantic Treaty 293–95, 310, 334–36 Organization), 256, 262 landholdings, 149–50 Natthawut Saikuea, 115–16, 275, 280, overthrow of, 12, 72, 75, 78–80, 83, 284, 321 88, 123 NBT television, 77, 84, 303 politics, and, 3, 250 neo-liberalism, 303 relationship with military, 181 nepotism, 164 see also absolute monarchy; “network monarchy”, 230, 293 constitutional monarchy; “new agricultural theory”, 328 “lom chao”; CPB New Aspiration Party, 150, 194 money politics, 236, 240, 242, 303, New Deal, 23 328 New Force Party, 238 Montenegro, Thaksin in, 31, 203, 270 New Mandala, blog, 106 mop rap chang (demonstrators for “new politics”, 195 hire), 196 , 79, 294 “multi-coloured shirts”, 289 “New State”, 80, 85 Muslims, in Southern Thailand, 30, Newin Chidchob, 21, 31, 33, 317 34, 94, 112, 127, 177, 252 NGOs (Non-Governmental Mussolini, Benito, 269 Organizations), 34, 99, 163, 177, 192, 194, 209, 235, 303–304, 328 N NHRC (National Human Rights Naew Na, newspaper, 301 Commission), 302–303 Nakan Laohawilai, 308 Nidhi Eowseewong, 157 Naresuan, King, 185 Nitinai Nakhonthap, 238 Nation, The, newspaper, 79, 102, 186, Nopphadon Patthama, 203–204, 206, 174, 259, 301–302 210, 258, 260–61 National Anti-Corruption North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Commission, 163, 278, 302 see NATO National Commission for Truth and NSO (National Statistical Office), 65, Reconciliation, 51 147 National Defense Volunteers, 237 National Economic and Social O Development Board, 277 Obama, Barack, 94, 252, 257, 259, 261

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October 1976 generation, 28 Phuea Phaendin Party, 33 Office of the Judiciary, 282 Phuea Thai Party, 83, 109, 114, 165, old money, 222 178, 182, 186, 193, 261, 278, 297, oligarchy, 221–24, 227, 270, 297, 303 309 Operation Ratchaprasong, 133, 139 Pinochet, Augusto, 50–52 Osama Bin Laden, 83 Plaek Phibunsongkhram, 180, 250, OTOP (“One Tambon, One Product”) 269 programme, 19, 176 politics of colour, 293–95 politics of desire, 90–91 P populist politics, 34, 92–93, 102, PAD (People’s Alliance for 113–14, 164, 176, 223–24, 226, Democracy), 3, 24, 34, 43, 73, 75, 326, 330 77, 79–80, 84, 92, 110–12, 116, Post Today, newspaper, 308 127–29, 144, 157, 164, 177–79, poverty level, 146, 156, 159, 324 182–84, 193–97, 204, 244, 253, PPP (People’s Power Party), 20, 33, 258, 275–80, 282–83, 285, 289, 92, 97, 116, 153–54, 165–66, 178, 293–95, 317–19, 336 207, 295 PAP (People’s Action Party, Prachatai, online newspaper, 49, 54 Singapore), 268 Prajadhipok, King, 180 parliament, members of, 222 Praphat Charusathian, 124 “partisan exceptionalism”, 283 Prawet Wasi, 44, 104, 169, 305 party drive, national politics, 191 Preah Vihear, temple, 203 party politics, 192 “Premocracy”, 124–25 Pasuk Phongpaichit, 27, 245 Prem Tinsulanon, 7, 21, 24, 28, 30, “people power”, 190 73, 85, 125, 181, 271, 290, 293 People’s Action Party, Singapore, see Pridi Phanomyong, 73 PAP “Primary Conspiracy Theory”, People’s Alliance for Democracy, see 72–73, 75 PAD Primo de Rivera, José Antonio, 288 People’s Channel, 77, 303 Privy Council, 21, 73, 85, 110, 227, “People’s Constitution”, 100, 162, 271, 290 177, 288, 296–97, 302, 306 problem state, Thailand as, 205–209 People’s Power Party, see PPP profiteering, 164 People’s Television, see PTV prongdong (five-point “compromise” Phalang Tham (Dhammic Power), plan), 81, 84–86, 262, 275 political party, 176 Prosecution Department, 278, 282 Phan Fa Bridge, 76, 109, 132, 143 PTV (People’s Television), 275, 303, Phansak Winyarat, 117, 119 309, 319, 321 Philippines, “EDSA”, mass demonstration in the, 192 Q Phiphop Thongchai, 193 Queen’s Guard, 73 phrai (commoner), 98, 111, 144, 179, 196, 225, 292 R Phrommin Lertsuridet, 117 rally drive, 191, 194 Phromphong Noppharit, 297 rally politics, 191–93, 196–97

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Rama III, King, 262 Red TV, 225 Rama V, King, 295 “Red Zone”, 233, 237 see also Chulalongkorn, King Rettig Commission, 51 Ramon Magsaysay Award, 169 Reuters, 144 Ratchaprasong, shopping district, revolution of 1932, 180–81, 270 4–5, 26, 43–44, 55, 58, 62, 77–78, “rice premium”, 2, 326 95, 109, 132–34, 139, 171, 240, right-wing groups, 30 275, 277–78, 290, 298, 317 “road map to national Ravenhill, John, 148 reconciliation”, 7 regime change, 194 Roya, Louise, 269 reconciliation, 38–41, 123–24, 126–29, royal family, 337 172, 212, 259, 275, 280, 284 royal institution, 3, 293, 337 reconciliation plan, 168, 183, 186, 206 “royal liberalism”, 104 Red, symbolic meaning of, 296 royal succession, 182, 193, 336–37 Red Gaurs, 30 rule of law, 164, 165, 169, 210, 253, Red News, magazine, 319 282, 283, 296 Red Shirts, 4–6, 8, 21, 24–39, 42–43, rural people, see villagers 49, 55, 64–65, 72–75, 87–88, rural poverty, 325 92–94, 98–99, 102, 108–109, 111, rural transformations, weaknesses 115, 122–23, 126–27, 138, 143–45, of, 324–27 155, 157, 166, 171–73, 177, 179, Rusk-Thanat Communiqué, 250, 264 180, 183–87, 190, 197, 200, 202, 205–206, 208, 210, 220, 224–27, S 229, 231–33, 240–45, 248–49, , 20, 33, 178, 253–54, 257–61, 280, 288–91, 294, 202–204 296, 303, 307, 309, 313, 317–19, Sansern Kaewkamnerd, 102 323–24, 327, 329–30 Santi Asok, Buddhist movement, delegitimizing the, 300–301 176, 289–90, 309 discredited, 76, 79, 89 Santi Prachatham Network, 43, 49 grievances, 82, 169 Sarit Thanarat, 2, 120, 124, 180, 281 impact on economy, 55–63 Sean Boonracong, 119 “Marxists-Lenninists”, as, 208 Second World War, see World War II motivations, 26–27 Senate, Thailand, 163, 265 organizational structure, 298–300 September 2006 coup, 3, 9, 20, 22, 92, origins of the movement, 135–36 97, 100, 105, 109, 132, 134–35, profile of, 135, 141, 196, 215, 137, 140, 152, 157, 165, 177, 192, 296–98 199, 224, 284, 287, 289, 295, 297, social movement, as, 295–98 301–303, 333, 335 statistical analysis of, 66–67 see also coup d’état; military coup terrorists, branded as, 77–84, 89, SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty 139, 259, 261, 278–79, 293, 300 Organization), 250 TV channel, 77, 319 “semi-democracy”, 270 use of force against, 87, 91, 97, 100 SES (Socio-Economic Survey), 65 see also UDD and Siam Daeng Shambaugh, David, 37 Red Sunday Group, 261 Shin Corporation, 3, 201

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Siam Daeng (Red Siam), 135, 141 Suchinda Kraprayun, 125, 190, Siam Paragon, shopping mall, 2 194–95 Siam Square, 134 “sufficiency democracy”, 91–92, 121 Singapore, Thai migrants in, 243, 246 “sufficiency economy”, 91, 235, 327, Sinocentric Greater East Asia, 1 329, 335 Sirikit, Queen, 294–95 Sukarno, 269 Sitthiphon Kridikon, Prince, 2 Supreme Administrative Court, Sitthisak Wannachakit, 282 277–78 sniper attack, 25, 133, 293, 298 Supreme Court, 108, 112, 164, 166, social contract, 304, 328 281–82 Social Investment Fund, 100 Surachai “Sae Dan” social liberalism, 99 Danwatthananuson, 298 Socio-Economic Survey, see SES Surayut Chulanon, 203, 252, 295 Soeharto, 211 Surin Pitsuwan, 209–10 “soft coup”, 100 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, 210 soldiers, and risks, 10–14 Suthachai Yimprasert, 301 Sombat Bunngamanong, 52 Suthep Thueaksuban, 78, 85, 173, Somchai Homlaor, 47–48 274, 276, 283–84 Somchai Jitsuchon-Viroj Na Ranong Suvarnabhumi International Airport, paper, 67 4, 24, 64, 200, 277, 285 Somchai Wongsawat, 20, 33, 178, 204 Sydney Morning Herald, The, 144 Somkiat Phongphaibun, 193 Somsak Kosaisuk, 193 T Somyot Prueksakasemsuk, 301 Tajing Siriphanit, 303 Songkran events, 2009, 24, 34, 65, Tak Bai incident, 285–86 178–79 Taksin, King, 317 Sonthi Limthongkun, 3, 111, 176, TAN, cable TV station, 79 192, 195, 295, 301–302, 308, 315, TDRI (Thailand Development 318 Research Institute), 64–65 Sophon Ongkara, 79 Temasek Holdings, Singapore, 3, 201 Southeast Asia Collective Defense terrorism, 72, 74–75, 81, 83, 124, 157, Treaty, 262 173, 207, 253, 274, 278, 280, 282 Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, “terrorist acts”, 29, 77–78 see SEATO Thai Army, 21–22, 25, 35, 43–44, southern separatists, 88 76–78, 87, 133, 139, 165, 220, Southern Thailand, Muslims in, 30, 224, 227, 293, 298, 302, 304, 307, 34, 94, 112, 127, 177, 252 309–10, 323 “stable subsistence”, 121 psychological warfare unit, 237 State Audit Commission, 302 restructured, 128 state propaganda, 83, 124, 139, 301 Thai Chamber of Commerce, 228 stimulus measure, 34, 57 Thai Civil Code, 83, 86 Strategies for Creating Greatness, 269 Thai Embassy street politics, 195 in Canberra, 334, 338 “Strong Thailand” programme, 329 in Washington, 255 student activists, 88 Thai Falangism, 288, 295–96, 303, 310

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Thai Health Foundation, 228 , 2–3, 8, 14, Thai Journalists Association, 319 18–24, 26–28, 30, 33, 36, 73–75, Thai particularism, 23, 36–38 77, 92–93, 98–99, 110–13, 126, Thai penal code, 83 132, 134–37, 140, 145, 162, 167, Thai Post, newspaper, 301 172–73, 177, 181, 187, 190, 199, , see TRT 203, 205, 210, 214, 221–22, Thai Rat, newspaper, 237 224–26, 230, 233, 240, 243, 245, Thai society, polarization of, 292–93 249, 252–53, 255, 261, 270, 275, “Thai-style democracy”, 91, 121–22, 280–81, 288, 295, 297, 299, 302, 124–25 304–305, 307, 309, 313, 317–18, Thai-U.S. relations, 248–60, 262, 263 326, 328–29, 334 see also U.S.-Thai relations as head of “New State”, 80, 85 Thailand as martyr, 40 crisis of power, 180–83 as Prime Minister, 101 culture, 37 as terrorist, 78, 83–84, 173, distribution of wealth, 219 206–207, 259, 293 economy, 24, 34, 55–62, 137, 174, criticism against, 165 181, 183, 215, 227 economic advisor to Cambodia, employment, 183, 189, 216, 228, 329 as, 204, 212 FDI, 56 family assets, 108, 150, 164, 166 fiscal policy, 2, 326 in Montenegro, 31, 203, 270 foreign policy, 199–205, 211, 251 military, control over, 223 GDP, 55–56, 59–62, 216, 222, 325, opposition to, 182, 223 329 media control, 163–64, 176 history of coups, 132 stronghold of, 232 income, 27, 147–48, 166–67, UDD, and, 195 217–18, 325 thammarat (good governance), inequality, 148–50, 217, 219–20, 267–68, 272 228, 324–25 Thammasat, massacre, 30, 236 judiciary, 207, 224, 282 Thammasat University, 80, 124, 236, labour force, 217 244 national referendum, 165, 177 Thanin Kraiwichian, 30, 124 political activism in, 145 Thanom Kittikhachon, 124 political change in, 18 The Other America, 23 political divide in, 93 Theravada Buddhism, 296 poverty level, 146, 156, 159, 324 “third-hand” element, 293 problem state, as, 205–209 Third-Wave democracy, 117 reserves, 58 Thitinan Pongsudhirak, 125, 283–84 rural sector, 114 Thompson, Eric, 243 social structure, 292 Thongbai Thongbao, 24 tourism, 57, 59–62, 81, 205, 227 tourism, 57, 59–62, 81, 205, 227 United States, and, 208 Tourism Council of Thailand, 59, see also Thai-U.S. relations 285 Thailand Development Research Treaty of Amity and Commerce, Institute, see TDRI Siam-U.S., 1833, 262

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Treaty of Amity and Economic urban-rural conflict, 29 Relations, Thai-U.S., 1966, 262 U.S. Embassy 249, 256–58, 261 TRT (Thai Rak Thai Party), 19–21, U.S. intelligence, 253 33, 82, 92, 97, 124, 126, 150–51, U.S.-Thai relations, see Thai-U.S. 153, 162–63, 165, 175–78, 181–82, relations 201, 240, 258, 316, 318 Uthai Phimjaichon, 275, 282, 284 “Truth Today”, as motto and as title of magazine, 295, 319 V Vajiralongkorn, Crown Prince, 182 U Valech Report, 54 UDD (National United Front “vicious circle”, of Thai politics, 192 for Democracy against Victory Monument, 178 Dictatorship), 4, 42–44, 46, 49, Vietnam, support for ASEAN 58, 61, 75, 78, 80, 85, 98, 108–19, statement of concern of, 210 134–35, 141, 166–68, 177, 190, Vietnam War, 250 193–94, 196, 206, 224, 244, 248, “village development funds”, 113 253–54, 261, 274–75, 288, 300, village economy, 231, 234 308, 315, 318–19, 321 village-level politics, 236 impact of rallies, 277, 285 village political economy, 242 “national enemies”, as, 179 villagers policies of the, 295–96 attitudes towards, 300, 307–308, principles of, 142 327 “double standards”, strategy on, politically conscious, 20–21, 27–28, 276–84 175, 231–33, 236, 242, 246 Thaksin Shinawatra, and, 195 Village Scouts, 237 UMNO (United Malays National “village transnationalism”, 243 Organisation), 268 vote-buying, 92, 237–40, 271 UN Security Council, 211 voting patterns, 150–55 Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives, film, 184 W UNDP (United Nations Walker, Andrew, 91, 121, 242 Development Programme), 146, Wall Street Journal, The, 127 148–49, 156, 167, 174 war crime, 250 UNESCO (United Nations “war on drugs”, under Thaksin, 111, Educational, Scientific and 127, 284 Cultural Organization), 203–205 Washington Post, The, 127, 144, 185 United Nations, 204, 209 Wat Bowonniwet, 291 United States Congress, 260 Wat Chanasongkhram, 291 United States, Wat Mahathat, 291 anti-communist efforts, 18 Wat Pathumwanaram, 4, 12, 25, 39, Tea Party, 314 134, 171 Thailand, and, 208 Wat Ratcha, 291 see also Thai-U.S. relations Wat Saket, 291 Universal Declaration of Human Wat Samphanthawong, 291 Rights, 305 Wat Samphraya, 291

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“watermelon soldiers”, 249 Y wealth distribution, 219 Yellow Shirts, 3, 5–6, 8, 21, 24, 27, 29, Weera Musikaphong, 115–16, 280 31–32, 34, 39–40, 43, 64–65, 72, Weng Tojirakan, 144, 193, 253 92–93, 101, 110, 139, 177–79, 200, Wichit Wathakan, Luang, 269 202–204, 223–27, 229, 244–45, Wilson, David, 120 253, 271, 289–90, 293–95, 298, World Bank, 148, 150 303, 329, 336 World Economic Forum, 36 statistical analysis, 66–67 World Heritage status, for Phreah terrorists, branded as, 84 Vihear, 204 TV channel, 77, 79 World War I, 12 Yingluck Shinawatra, 186 World War II, 199, 233, 250, 268–69

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