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Impact of Droughts and Floods
Compiled by th entre fo ev 10 ment Research Sou ern Africa for the Division of Early Warning an AT-IONS ENVIRON E United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA) UNEP Complex, Gigiri, Nairobi P.O. Box 30552, 00100, Kenya Tel: +254-20-7623785 Fax: + 254 -20- 7624309 Web: http://www.unep.org © UNEP, SARDC, 2009 ISB 978-92-807-2835-4 Information in this publication can be reproduced, used and shared, with full acknowledgement of the eo-publishers, SARDC and UNEP. Citation: CEDRISA, Droughts and Floods in Southern Africa: Environmental Change and Human Vulnerability, UNEP and SARDC, 2009 Cover and Text Design SARDC: Paul Wade and Tonely Ngwenya Print Coordination: DS Print Media, Johannesburg 2 CONTENTS CONTENTS 3 List of Tables, Boxes, Graphs, Maps and Figures 4 ACKNOWLEDG EM ENTS 5 ACRONYMS 7 INTRODUCTION 9 Water Resources in Southern Africa 9 DROUGHTS AND FLOODS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA 13 Factors that Exacerbate Droughts and Floods 13 THE 2000-2003 DROUGHTS AND FLOODS 17 Malawi 17 Mozambique " 18 Swaziland 21 Zambia 23 Zimbabwe 25 IM PACT OF DROUGHTS AND FLOODS 31 Droughts 31 Floods 35 NATIONAL RESPONSES TO DROUGHTS AND FLOODS 39 Dealing with Droughts 39 Dealing with Floods 41 National, Regional and International Obligations 44 REFERENCES 47 3 List of Tables Table I Rainfall and Evaporation Statistics of some SADC Countries 10 Table 2 Mean Annual Runoff of Selected River Basins in Southern Africa 10 Table 3 Impact of Selected 2000-2003 Floods on Malawi's Socio-Economy 18 Table 4 Flood Incidences in -
Girl About the Globe a Suggested Itinerary with All the Details
Girl About The Globe A Suggested Itinerary with all the details... Swaziland The Kingdom of Swaziland has eluded mass tourism and its discreet and untouched attractions are delightful. Travelling distances are short so there is more time relaxing by water holes, spending time with the local people and exploring the stunning scenery. Swaziland is a safe and friendly place where people will welcome you with open arms. The Kingdom gives you a personalised and friendly experience and successfully does this with its charming and intimate reserves set away from the mass hubbub of tourism. Dates: Your choice Price £3,475 Price includes: All transfers to and in Africa Vehicle hire Vehicle zero excess and unlimited km Park entrance fees All accommodation & meals where shown Price excludes: Extra activities where indicated Food & some drink where shown Fuel for the vehicle Items of a personal nature Visas, personal insurance Tips and departure tax Useful information... Flights depart London, Heathrow Visas are given on arrival in Swaziland A valid passport with 6 months after the date of return is required Jabs and inoculations are needed for the trip so please consult your Doctor Sense Africa – 01275 877172 www.senseafrica.co.uk email: [email protected] Sense Africa Ltd, Registered in England and Wales, no 8007360 Suggested Itinerary Day1: Mlilwane You will be met at the airport, handed over your car and set on your way to adventure. Driving to Mlilwane is an easy journey and before arriving at your accommodation you can see that it is an Outdoor Lover’s Paradise. Mlilwane is Swaziland’s pioneer conservation area, a beautiful, secluded sanctuary situated in Swaziland’s “Valley of Heaven”, the Ezulwini Valley, with the huge Usutu Forest providing a dramatic backdrop stretching into the distant hills. -
Simbimba Ndlela 1982] 1
[Simbimba Ndlela 1982] 1 STILL TO ADD LEFT-OUT PAGES (A2) SIMBIMBA NDLELA - SYNOPSIS (PB) Editor's note We have reproduced in this volume two interviews conducted with Simbimba Ndlela. The first was conducted at the behest of the late Swazi King, Sobhuza II. The second interview, conducted over two days, some months apart was conducted by Carolyn Hamilton. Simbimba Ndlela's narrative poses tremendous difficulties for the first time reader, but in the opinion of the editors is especially rich in historical detail. In particular, Simbimba Ndlela's narrative is marked by a distinctive narrative style. We have retained his style of narrative at the expense of facilitating a reading of the text. To help the reader, we have provided an especially long synopsis. This interview contains information not previously known to the others present at the interview, who include in their number three of the most knowledgeable about Swazi history. It is also interesting among other things because of disputes between the interviewers and the interviewee over the burial sites of early Swazi kings and the status of Ndvungunye, the father of Somhlolo. The chronological beginning of Simbimba's account is the reign of King Mswati. Mswati ruled at Mtomazi at Bhaca in Mzimkhulu at the place of the Mpondo people. The location of these places are not made clear in the interview, but they have southern connotations and they might be located in the Matubatuba region. The home of Ludvonga's chief wife, and is close to the site of Ntjumbili ngwelele. After being warned that a Zulu (in this case probably an Ndwandwe king) was about to force Mswati to teach him the secrets of the incwala, Mswati fled, skirting the Lubombo mountains until he reached Mavaneni in the area of Ngogweni at Mangwaneni probably on the eastern [re: illegible] of the Phongolo River in the vicinity of Kosi Bay. -
Restoration of Ecosystems, Integrated Natural Resource Management and Promotion of SLM in Mbuluzi River Basin of Eswatini
Restoration of ecosystems, integrated natural resource management and promotion of SLM in Mbuluzi River Basin of Eswatini Part I: Project Information GEF ID 10695 Project Type FSP Type of Trust Fund GET CBIT/NGI CBIT No NGI No Project Title Restoration of ecosystems, integrated natural resource management and promotion of SLM in Mbuluzi River Basin of Eswatini Countries Eswatini Agency(ies) UNEP Other Executing Partner(s) Executing Partner Type Eswatini National Trust Commission Government GEF Focal Area Multi Focal Area Taxonomy International Waters, Lake Basin, Freshwater, Invasive Alien Species, Productive Seascapes, Protected Areas and Landscapes, Productive Landscapes, Biodiversity, Community Based Natural Resource Mngt, Focal Areas, Terrestrial Protected Areas, Wetlands, Biomes, Tourism, Mainstreaming, Integrated and Cross-sectoral approach, Community-Based Natural Resource Management, Sustainable Land Management, Land Degradation, Sustainable Agriculture, Sustainable Livelihoods, Restoration and Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands, Ecosystem Approach, Food Security, Land Degradation Neutrality, Land Cover and Land cover change, Land Productivity, Species, Transform policy and regulatory environments, Inuencing models, Private Sector, Stakeholders, SMEs, Gender Equality, Gender Mainstreaming, Beneciaries, Capacity, Knowledge and Research, Knowledge Exchange, Capacity Development Rio Markers Climate Change Mitigation Climate Change Mitigation 1 Climate Change Adaptation Climate Change Adaptation 1 Duration 48 In Months Agency Fee($) 372,063.00 Submission Date 3/17/2021 A. Indicative Focal/Non-Focal Area Elements Programming Directions Trust Fund GEF Amount($) Co-Fin Amount($) BD-2-7 GET 2,000,000.00 10,000,000.00 LD-1-1 GET 1,000,000.00 10,000,000.00 LD-1-4 GET 916,950.00 5,768,500.00 Total Project Cost ($) 3,916,950.00 25,768,500.00 B. -
INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT STUDIES in the MBULUZI CATCHMENT, SWAZILAND DENNIS JABULANI MDUDUZI DLAMINI Submitted in P
INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT STUDIES IN THE MBULUZI CATCHMENT, SWAZILAND DENNIS JABULANI MDUDUZI DLAMINI Submitted in partial ful:filment ofthe requirements ofthe degree of MScHydrology School ofBioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology University ofNatal Pietermaritzburg 2001 ABSTRACT Problems in the water sector range from degradation and depletion ofwater resources as a result of the impacts ofland based anthropogenic activities, to the impacts ofnatural hydrological disasters and floods, while inadequate availability ofwater is at the core ofmost water related disputes in arid and semi-arid areas at local, regional, national and international levels. In the past, finding practical solutions for these problems fell neatly within the traditional scope ofwater resources management, whichhinged almost entirelyoneconomic viability ofengineering orientedendeavors. However, a new set ofmanagement challenges has arisen following the high priority nowadays given to equity in water allocationandthe protectionofthe natural environment above other issues. These new challengeshave created a need for devising and adopting suitable management approaches, especially that would take social considerations into account. One ofthe approaches that provides promise relative to the new directions in dealing with contemporary water issues is integrated water resources management (IWRM). One objective ofthis study was to critically review the definitions and the fundamental principles of IWRM with the view of determining its applicability in developing countries and highlighting difficulties that may be faced regarding the adoption and implementation ofthis integrated approach. Swaziland is atypical example ofa developing country that is engulfed by the diverse water resources issues highlighted above and is currently engaged in updating water management legislation. Hence, Swaziland's experiences were used to put in perspective the key points and barriers regarding the adoption and implementation ofIWRM. -
CURRICULUM VITAE Dinis Juízo
CURRICULUM VITAE Dinis Juízo Dinis Juízo PERSONAL DETAILS Surname: Juízo Forenames: Dinis Profession: Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Sex: Male Date and place of Birth: 05 November 1970 / Maputo, Moçambique Nationality: Mozambican Postal Address: CP 1354 Maputo, Moçambique Physical Address: Rua Comandante João Belo, 189 Maputo, Moçambique Tel Home: (258) (21) 321213 Cell Private: (258) (82) 5363702 Tel Bus: (258) (21) 315161 or 315160 Cell Bus: Fax Bus: (258) (21) 315161 or 315160 E-mail address: [email protected] or [email protected] MEMBERSHIP IN PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION Board Member – Mozambique Academy of Science – Head of the Technological Sciences Board Member – WaterNet – acting in the scientific sub-committee Member of the International Association of Hydrogeologists Member of Mozambican Engineering Society FORMAL TRAINING Dr Dinis Juízo has extensive experience in the area of water resources development with key qualifications in hydrogeology, hydrology and water resources management. Dr. Juizo completed in 1994 his studies on inverse groundwater flow modelling to quantify groundwater recharge and sustainable exploitation of the coastal aquifers north of Maputo (Mozambique). Following this he was granted a MSc. scholarship (1996 -1998) at the Institute for Infrastructure, Hydraulics and Environmental Engineering (IHE), Delft, The Netherlands, where he worked for his thesis on groundwater resource assessment and well-field management for the water supply of the city of Pemba (Mozambique). This study focused on the role of biofouling due to iron bacteria activity as a constraint on groundwater utilization, in this study he used a numerical model based on ModFlow. Dr Juizo concluded in Page 1 of 2 February 2008 his reading for his doctorate at Lund University, Sweden, undertaking research on the operational issues associated with water allocation in international rivers. -
An Investigation of Nutrient Levels Along the Mbuluzi River
Department of Water Resources Engineering Faculty of Engineering Lund University Report TVRL 2006:9 An investigation of nutrient levels along the Mbuluzi River - A background for sustainable water resources management A Minor Field Study (MFS) conducted in Mozambique and Swaziland Master of Science Thesis in Environmental Engineering Anna Gustafsson and Maria Johansson Lund 2006 Supervised by: Dr Rikard Lidén, SWECO VIAK/ Department of Water Resource Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University and Dinis Juizo/Nelson Matsinhe, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University Copyright © Anna Gustafsson & Maria Johansson Department of Water Resources Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Lund University Box 118 221 00 Lund Sweden Master of Science Thesis in Water Resources Minor Field Study ISSN: 1101-9821 ii Resumo Título: Investigação do nível de nutrientes ao longo do Rio Umbeluzi – Base para uma gestão sustentável dos recursos hídricos Autores: Anna Gustafsson e Maria Johansson Supervisores: Dr Rikard Lidén, SWECO VIAK/ Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade de Lund, Lund, Suécia Dinis Juizo e Nelson Matsinhe, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Moçambique Definição do Problema: O rio Umbeluzi nasce na Suazilândia e no seu percurso atravessa Moçambique desaguando no Oceano Índico. Devido à escassez de água, aumento populacional e crescimento dos sectores industrial e agrícola, tem se colocado uma grande pressão sobre a qualidade de água. A importância de manter água de boa qualidade é acentuada pelo facto de o Rio ser partilhado entre dois países para além de ser a fonte de abastecimento de água para as duas capitais. O incremento verificado nas actividades agrícolas na bacia tem levantado preocupações quanto à migração de nutrientes, especialmente vindos da farmas comerciais. -
Challenges and Opportunities for Safe Water in Mozambique
Challenges and Opportunities For Safe Water Supply in Mozambique Matsinhe, Nelson 2008 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Matsinhe, N. (2008). Challenges and Opportunities For Safe Water Supply in Mozambique. Department of Water Resources Engineering, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During the five years of work that has resulted in this thesis many people have contributed in one way or another and I am grateful to all of you; but there are some who deserve much gratitude for their support and guidance. First of all, I would like to thank Professor Kenneth M. -
Lomahasha Inkhundla in Lubombo Region, Swaziland
University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment RESEARCH REPORT: WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ASSESSMENT FOR LOMAHASHA INKHUNDLA IN LUBOMBO REGION, SWAZILAND Bernard Jacques Ndisebuye A Research Report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering Research Supervisor: Prof Adesola Ilemobade School of Civil & Environmental Engineering Johannesburg 2014 Lomahasha Inkhundla – Water Supply Assessment NOMENCLATURE / LIST OF ACRONYMS AADD Annual Average Daily Demand ADB African Development Bank Amsl Above Mean Sea Level CLGF Commonwealth Local Government Forum CSO Central Statistics Office CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research DCP Dynamic Cone Penetration DEAT Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism DFID Department For International Development DWA Department of Water Affairs EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMA Environmental Management Act HDPE High Density Polyethylene GWP Global Water Partnership I&APs Interested and Affected Parties JICA Japanese International Cooperation Agency KDDP Komati Downstream Development Project KOBWA Komati Basin Water Authority MOAC Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives MoPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transport NERCHA National Emergency Response Council on HIV and AIDS NGO Non-Government Organisation i Lomahasha Inkhundla – Water Supply Assessment O&M Operation -
Evaluation of the Status of Water Quality of the Great Usuthu River, Swaziland
UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EVALUATION OF THE STATUS OF WATER QUALITY OF THE GREAT USUTHU RIVER, SWAZILAND BY THEMBEKA SANELE NKAMBULE MSc IWRM Thesis Harare July 2016 i UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING In collaboration with EVALUATION OF THE STATUS OF WATER QUALITY OF THE GREAT USUTHU RIVER, SWAZILAND By THEMBEKA SANELE NKAMBULE Supervisors: Eng. Z. Hoko (UZ-DCE) Prof. A.M. Manyatsi (UNISWA-ABE) A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Integrated Water Resources Management at the University of Zimbabwe July 2016 i Evaluation of the Status of Water Quality of the Great Usuthu River, Swaziland DECLARATION I, Thembeka Sanele Nkambule state that this study is my own effort. The research project has never been submitted to any institution of higher education for any degree. Signature:………………………….. Date:…………………………. MSc IWRM 2015/16 Thesis by Thembeka S. Nkambule July 2016 I Evaluation of the Status of Water Quality of the Great Usuthu River, Swaziland ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researcher is appreciative to God for the support and guidance to carry out the research work. I would like to thank my sponsor Waternet, for making my study at the University of Zimbabwe possible. To my Supervisors, Eng. Z. Hoko (University of Zimbabwe) and Prof. A. M. Manyatsi (University of Swaziland), thank you for the guidance, patience and for fitting me to your schedules. Special thanks is also given to the Department of Water Affairs, Swaziland particularly to Mr. O. Ngwenya (Director), Mr. P. Simelane (Hydrologist), Ms. -
Distribution and Establishment of the Alien Australian Redclaw Crayfish, Cherax Quadricarinatus, in South Africa and Swaziland
Distribution and establishment of the alien Australian redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, in South Africa and Swaziland Ana L. Nunes1,2,3, Tsungai A. Zengeya4, Andries C. Hoffman5, G. John Measey1 and Olaf L.F. Weyl2 1 Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa 2 Centre for Invasion Biology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa 3 Invasive Species Programme, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa 4 South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa 5 Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency, Nelspruit, South Africa ABSTRACT Background. The Australian redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus, von Martens), is native to Australasia, but has been widely translocated around the world due to aquaculture and aquarium trade. Mostly as a result of escape from aquaculture facilities, this species has established extralimital populations in Australia and alien populations in Europe, Asia, Central America and Africa. In South Africa, C. quadricarinatus was first sampled from the wild in 2002 in the Komati River, following its escape from an aquaculture facility in Swaziland, but data on the current status of its populations are not available. Methods. To establish a better understanding of its distribution, rate of spread and population status, we surveyed a total of 46 sites in various river systems in South Africa and Swaziland. Surveys were performed between September 2015 and August 2016 and involved visual observations and the use of collapsible crayfish traps. Results. Cherax quadricarinatus is now present in the Komati, Lomati, Mbuluzi, Submitted 5 January 2017 Accepted 1 March 2017 Mlawula and Usutu rivers, and it was also detected in several off-channel irrigation Published 19 April 2017 impoundments. -
National Water Policy-Report-2018.Pdf.Pdf
i TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF BOXES v LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS: vi DEFINITION OF TERMS: viii 1. INTRODUCTION - 1 - 1.1. Background - 1 - 1.2. Overview and Context of the National Water Policy - 2 - 1.3. The National Water Policy Formulation Process - 3 - 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT AND RATIONALE - 5 - 2.1 Rationale for the National Water Policy - 5 - 2.2 Governance and Institutional Reforms in the Water Sector - 6 - 2.3 Water Sector Situation analysis - 7 - 2.3.1 Water Resources in Eswatini - 10 - 2.3.2 Legal Framework of Water Resources in Eswatini - 12 - 2.4 Justification for the National Water Policy - 13 - 2.5 Expected Outcomes and Benefits - 13 - 3. OVERALL POLICY GOAL, OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES - 13 - 3.1 Goal - 13 - 3.2 Objectives - 14 - 3.3 Policy Principles in Water Resources Management - 14 - 4. KEY ISSUES AND POLICY STATEMENTS - 15 - 4.1 Water for Economic Development and Poverty Alleviation - 16 - 4.1.1. Water for Socio-Economic Development - 16 - 4.1.2 Water for Food Security - 20 - 4.1.3 Water for Energy Development - 27 - ii 4.1.4 Water for Industrial Development - 28 - 4.1.5 Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene - 29 - 4.1.6 Water for Tourism and Recreational Use - 32 - 4.2 Water Allocation and Utilisation - 33 - 4.2.1 Water Allocation Priorities - 34 - 4.2.2 Water Utilisation Control - 36 - 4.2.3 Water, Environmental Sustainability and Public Safety (Socio-Economic Development and Watercourse Ecosystems) - 40 - 4.2.4 Water Quality Management - 44 - 4.2.5 Control of Alien Invasive Species