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Important Venomous Snakes and Spiders of Australia

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Department of Defence 1 IMPORTANT VENOMOUS SNAKES & SPIDERS OF AUSTRALIA This is a quick-recognition guide for ADF personnel when operating within Australia IMPORTANT VENOMOUS and the Torres Strait islands. If bitten or stung by a spider or venomous snake, follow the first aid instructions below and refer the patient for urgent medical attention. There are more than 100 species of snake in Australia; only the potentially most medically SNAKES AND SPIDERS important are included in these notes. This is NOT a complete list of Australian venomous snakes or spiders, just some of the most important ones. More creatures may be added to these notes later. Where a OF AUSTRALIA particular type of snake is thought to occur in a particular Training Area, this is stated, but it is possible that they might also occur in other Training Areas not listed here. When referring the patient, if you have attempted to identify the snake/spider, include FIELD GUIDE FOR AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE that information in documentation being sent back with a patient. However, remember that many snakes look alike, and a positive identification cannot be made on the basis PERSONNEL of a photograph. Similarly, it is very difficult even for an expert to identify spiders. If you are bitten you do NOT need to take the snake with you to hospital. If the patient Defence Centre for Occupational Health is showing significant symptoms from a snake bite, a Snake Venom Detection Kit will Brindabella Park be used by the hospital to determine what type of antivenom to use. There are no venom detection kits for spiders. If the spider can be safely caught CANBERRA ACT 2600 (without getting anyone bitten) and securely kept in a clear plastic container with a screw-top lid and a legible label, it may be useful for identification purposes. The photographic images in these notes are copyright. © These copyright images have FOR USE WITHIN been kindly supplied by Peter Mirtschin, Venom Supplies, Tanunda SA, Peter – Robertson, Wildlife Profiles Pty Ltd, PO Box 500, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, the Australian Venom Research Unit, and Dr Ron Atkinson, except where otherwise indicated. For help – Poisons Information NOT FOR SALE Centres 13 11 26 (24 hours) ASUTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE ONLY Photos: (left) Peter Mirtschin, Venom Supplies, Tanunda SA (right) ©Dr Ron Atkinson Vuee-Tuee insert pack module ADF medical / health personnel – see http://www.toxinology.com or Manual of http://intranet.defence.gov.au/dsg/sites/Australia/docs/Aust_Snakes_spider_vuee-tuee.pdf Envenomation & Poisoning—Australian Fauna and Flora at http://defweb.cbr.defence.gov.au/home/documents/adfdocs/hlthman/hlthmanv22.htm © Commonwealth of Australia 2010 © Commonwealth of Australia 2010 2 3 SYMPTOMS – SNAKEBITE FIRST AID FOR SNAKE BITE, FUNNELWEB SPIDER BITE (also for CONE SHELL STING, BLUE-RINGED OCTOPUS BITE) Symptoms may only start to appear an hour or more after the person has been Immediately: If others are present, have someone phone for medical assistance. If bitten. unable to phone, send someone for help. Reassure the patient and encourage them to Early symptoms: there may be 1, 2 or more puncture marks or scratches (but bite remain calm and still. marks are not always visible), nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, headache Later symptoms (>1 hr): double or blurred vision, drooping eyelids APPLYING A PRESSURE-IMMOBILISATION BANDAGE TO LOWER LIMB Later symptoms (>2-3 hrs): breathing difficulties, drowsiness, giddiness or faintness, problems speaking or swallowing, pain or tightness in chest or abdomen, As soon as possible, apply a broad pressure breathing difficulties bandage from below bite site. Start first with a bandage around the bite site, then apply FIRST AID FOR SNAKE BITE, FUNNELWEB SPIDER BITE ( or any large, black another bandage, upward on affected limb spider in South East Australia), ALSO BLUE-RINGED OCTOPUS, CONE SHELL (starting at toes, bandaging upward as far as DRABCD possible). Leave fingers or toes unbandaged Rest and calm casualty to allow victim‘s circulation to be checked. Do Apply pressure immobilisation bandage – heavy crepe bandage 15 cm wide up not remove pants/ trousers, just bandage bitten limb over top of clothing. Apply bandage firmer than for a sprained ankle Immobilise limb using a splint (use second bandage) Bandage firmly as for a sprained ankle, but DO NOT remove splint or bandage once applied not so tight that circulation is prevented. Do not cut or wash the bite site Continue to bandage upward from the lower Ensure casualty does not move portion of the bitten limb. Call 000 for an ambulance – priority 1 – These bites may be a life-threatening (Reference Australian Resuscitation Council emergency Guideline 8.9.1 February 2005 Call Poisons Information Centres 131126 (24 hours)_ http://www.resus.org.au/) If you encounter a snake: Stay still – do not panic or run Do not attempt to touch or catch the snake Apply the bandage as far up the limb as Allow it to move away possible to compress the lymphatic vessels. FIRST AID – REDBACK SPIDER BITE DRABCD – Rest and calm casualty DO NOT APPLY pressure immobilisation bandage Apply ice packs for pain relied Transport patient to hospital – priority 2 or 3 depending on severity Images ©CSL Ltd © Commonwealth of Australia 2010 4 5 APPLYING A PRESSURE-IMMOBILISATION BANDAGE TO LOWER LIMB BLACK SNAKES BLUE-BELLIED OR SPOTTED BLACK SNAKE It is vital to now apply a splint. Bind a stick or suitable rigid item over the initial bandage to splint the limb. Secure the splint to the bandaged limb by using another bandage, (if another bandage is not available, use clothing strips or similar to bind). It is very important to keep the bitten limb still. Bind the splint firmly, to as much of the limb as possible, to prevent muscle, limb and joint movement. This will help restrict venom movement. Seek urgent medical assistance now that first aid has been applied. APPLYING A PRESSURE-IMMOBILISATION BANDAGE TO HAND OR FOREARM 1 As soon as possible, apply a broad Distribution. QLD: SE inland. BSFTA. NSW: NE inland, down to Hunter Valley. pressure bandage around the bite site, then Colour/Description. Back glossy black, or glossy dark brown, light brown, dark grey, apply another bandage from the fingers of the or cream/brown with dark markings around scales & darker head, may have cream affected arm, bandaging upward as far as spots. Belly blue-grey to blue-back, sometimes with yellow spots. Heavy build, narrow possible. Bandage the arm with the elbow in head, neck not particularly distinguishable. Small eyes, round pupil, black iris. a bent position, to ensure the victim is Length. Maximum 2 metres, average adult size 1.25 to 1.5 m. comfortable with their arm in a sling. Leave the tips of the fingers unbandaged to allow Habitat/Habits. Grasslands, rocky hills, floodplains, coastal forest, swampy areas, the victim‘s circulation to be checked. sometimes drier habitats. Hunts by day except in hot weather when it hunts at night. 2 Bind a splint along the forearm. Risk. MODERATELY DANGEROUS. Bite rarely fatal. Correct first aid essential and – 3 Use a sling to further prevent limb if required – administration of antivenom in hospital. movement. © Commonwealth of Australia 2010 Illustrations and text of pressure-immobilisation technique modified from Australian Venom Research Unit website, IAW ARC Guideline 8.9.1 (2005). Images © CSL Ltd 6 7 BLACK SNAKES BLACK SNAKES COLLETT’S BLACK SNAKE, or DOWNS TIGER SNAKE FALSE MULGA SNAKE Distribution. Not known, and may be Australia-wide but the only known specimen so far has come form the Mt Isa area. Colour/Description. Similar to but more slender than the Mulga snake. The neck is not particularly distinguishable. Colour similar to Mulga snake Length. 1—1.5 metre Similar snakes: Mulga Snake. Western Brown Snake (Gwardar) Distribution. QLD: Central western QLD, Habitat/Habits. Not known at this stage Colour/Description. Variable. Back light /dark brown, reddish or black. Cream, pink, salmon, tan, red, grey or brown bands and spots. Belly white, cream, light yellow or Risk. DANGEROUS, POTENTIALLY LETHAL. Correct first aid is essential. orange. Head is usually darker. Administration of antivenom in hospital may be required. Length. Maximum 2 metres, average 1.25 to 1.5 metres Habitat/Habits. Black soil plains, Mainly active at night. May be nervous if provoked BLACK SNAKES Risk. PROBABLY DANGEROUS, PARTICULARLY LARGER SPECIMENS. Correct BUTLER’S OR YELLOW-BELLIED BLACK SNAKE first aid is essential. Administration of antivenom in hospital may be required. BLACK SNAKES Image ©Australian Venom PAPUAN BLACK SNAKE Research Unit website Distribution. WA: arid inland mid-west from Meekatharra/Wiluna to Gibson desert Colour/Description. Distribution. New Guinea & Saibai Island ( Australian territory, Torres Strait Islands.) Speckled appearance. Upper Colour/Description. Glossy or matt black, or gunmetal black, blue-grey, gunmetal- side black, speckled with grey, or blackish brown or dark drown. Throat and tip of snout yellowish or cream. Neck brown, cream or yellow- whitish, yellowish or cream with black flecks. Belly usually grey, bluish-grey or blackish. centred scales; very variable between specimens. Underside of head and throat is Length. Average adult 1.4 metres, maximum 2.4 metres often reddish-brown. Underside cream or bright yellow, with black flecks. Habitat/Habits. Hunts by day. Inhabits coastal swamps, monsoon forest in swampy Length. Up to 1.6 metres areas, bamboo thickets, sometimes savannah woodland, rainforest and rubber tree Habitat/Habits. Little is known about this snake. groves. Nervous disposition, bites readily, ferocious if cornered. Risk. DANGEROUS, POTENTIALLY LETHAL. Severe illness or death if bitten. Risk. POSSIBLY MODERATELY TO VERY DANGEROUS Correct first aid is essential. Administration of antivenom in hospital may be required. © Commonwealth of Australia 2010 8 9 BLACK SNAKES MULGA SNAKE or ‘KING BROWN’ SNAKE BLACK SNAKES RED-BELLIED BLACK SNAKE The name ‗King Brown‘ Distribution.
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  • Conservation Advice for the Karst Springs and Associated Alkaline Fens of the Naracoorte Coastal Plain Bioregion

    Conservation Advice for the Karst Springs and Associated Alkaline Fens of the Naracoorte Coastal Plain Bioregion

    The Threatened Species Scientific Committee provided their advice to the Minister on 31 July 2020. The Minister approved this Conservation Advice on 3 December 2020 and agreed that no recovery plan is required at this time. Conservation Advice1 for the Karst springs and associated alkaline fens of the Naracoorte Coastal Plain Bioregion This document combines the approved conservation advice and listing assessment for the threatened ecological community. It provides a foundation for conservation action and further planning. Karst springs and alkaline fens, Ewen Ponds © Copyright, Anthony Hoffman Conservation Status The Karst springs and associated alkaline fens of the Naracoorte Coastal Bioregion is listed in the Endangered category of the threatened ecological communities list under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The ecological community was assessed by the Threatened Species Scientific Committee, who found it to be eligible for listing as Endangered and recommended that a recovery plan is not required at this time. The Committee’s assessment and recommendations are at Section 6. The Committee’s assessment of the eligibility against each of the listing criteria is: Criterion 1: Vulnerable Criterion 2: Endangered Criterion 3: Insufficient data Criterion 4: Endangered Criterion 5: Insufficient data Criterion 6: Insufficient data The main factors that make the threatened ecological community eligible for listing in the Endangered category are its historic losses to drainage, clearing and resulting fragmentation, and ongoing threats to its integrity and function, particularly from hydrological changes. The Karst springs and associated alkaline fens of the Naracoorte Coastal Plain Bioregion occurs within country (the traditional lands) of the Boandik and the Gunditjmara peoples.