AVALIAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA DOS EXTRATOS BRUTOS DAS FOLHAS E CAULE DA ESPÉCIE Sparattosperma Leucanthum

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AVALIAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA DOS EXTRATOS BRUTOS DAS FOLHAS E CAULE DA ESPÉCIE Sparattosperma Leucanthum AVALIAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA DOS EXTRATOS BRUTOS DAS FOLHAS E CAULE DA ESPÉCIE Sparattosperma leucanthum Fernanda Mendes de Azevedo UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO NORTE FLUMINENSE DARCY RIBEIRO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS E TECNOLOGIA CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES – RJ DEZEMBRO DE 2007 AVALIAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA DOS EXTRATOS BRUTOS DAS FOLHAS E CAULE DA ESPÉCIE Sparattosperma leucanthum Fernanda Mendes de Azevedo Monografia apresentada ao centro de ciência e tecnologia da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense , como parte das exigências para a obtenção do título de licenciado em Química . Orientadora: Profª. Leda Mathias UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO NORTE FLUMINENSE DARCY RIBEIRO CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES – RJ DEZEMBRO DE 2007 AVALIAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA DOS EXTRATOS BRUTOS DAS FOLHAS E CAULE DA ESPÉCIE Sparattosperma leucanthum Fernanda Mendes de Azevedo Monografia apresentada ao Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de Licenciado em Química COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA: Prof. Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Matos (D.Sc.,Química Orgânica) - UENF Prof. Ildomar Alves do Nascimento (M.Sc., Química Orgânica ) - CEFET Profª.Leda Mathias (D.Sc.,Química de Produtos Naturais) – UENF (Orientadora) Instruir-te-ei , e ensinar-te-ei o caminho que deves seguir ; guiar-te-ei com os meus olhos . (Salmos 32:8) Aos meus pais, Ilson e Marina Aos meus filhos Amanda e José Neto Ao meu marido José Augusto AGRADECIMENTOS Gostaria de expressar o meu afeto e gratidão a todos que me ajudaram na realização deste trabalho. A Deus principalmente pele minha vida, e pela vida de pessoas tão especiais que me ajudaram nesta etapa da minha vida. A minha mãe muito especialmente pela paciência, pelo carinho e pela força nos momentos de dificuldade. Sem ela nada seria possível. Aos meus filhos Amanda e José Neto, que pelos olhinhos brilhantes e rostinhos sempre sorridentes me dão força para prosseguir. Ao meu esposo José Augusto, pelas palavras de otimismo, apoio e pelo seu carinho. Aos colegas de laboratório Marcelo, Débora, Leonardo, Graziella pela amizade e pela ajuda. A minha orientadora, e querida professora pelo carinho, pela acolhida e pelos ensinamentos. Ao professor Carlos Roberto Ribeiro Matos pela imprescindível colaboração, ensinamentos e amizade Ao professor Olney Vieira da Motta por ceder o laboratório (LSA) para a realização dos ensaios biológicos . Ao professor Ildomar pelo incentivo e apoio. E aquelas outras pessoas que mesmo não citadas contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho. I SUMÁRIO Pág. Lista de Esquemas................................................................................................. IV Lista de Figuras...................................................................................................... V Lista de Tabelas.................................................................................................... VII Lista de Abreviaturas e Símbolos......................................................................... VIII Resumo................................................................................................................. IX 1-Introdução.............................................................................................................1 2- Revisão da Literatura 2.1 - Família Bignoniaceae.......................................................................................3 2.2 - A Espécie Sparattosperma leucanthun ...........................................................4 2.3 - Divisão Taxonômica.........................................................................................6 2.4 - Considerações sobre as principais classes de substâncias encontradas em espécies da família Bignoniaceae............................................................................7 2.4.1 - Quinonas, Antraquinonas, e Naftoquinonas................................................7 2.4.2 - Atividades Farmacológicas do Lapachol.....................................................12 2.4.2.1 - Síntese do Lapachol................................................................................14 2.4.2.2 - Biossíntese do Lapachol.........................................................................16 2.4.3 - Flavonóides e Derivados...........................................................................17 II 2.4.3.1 -Atividade Biológica dos Flavonóides.........................................................19 2.4.3.2. - Biossíntese de flavonóides............................................................. .......19 3 - Objetivos...........................................................................................................21 4 - Materiais e Reagentes Uti lizados......................................................................22 5 - Procedimento experimental...............................................................................23 5.1 - Levantamento Bibliográfico............................................................................23 5.1.2 - Material Botânico: coleta e Identificação.....................................................23 5.1.3 - Secagem e Moagem do material vegetal....................................................23 5.1.4 - Preparação dos Extratos Brutos................................................................23 5.1.4.1 - Folhas......................................................................................................23 5.1.4.2 - Madeira....................................................................................................24 6 – Avaliação da Atividade antioxidante e Ensaios Biológicos..............................26 6.1 - Avaliação do Potencial Antioxidante..............................................................26 6.1.1 - Materiais e Reagentes utilizados................................................................29 6.1.2 - Procedimento Experimental........................................................................29 6.1.3 - Resultados e Discussão da avaliação do potencial antioxidante................31 6.2 - Bioensaio da Letalidade contra larvas de Artemia s alina leach.....................34 6.2.1 - Materiais e Reagentes................................................................................35 6.2.2 - Procedimento Experimental........................................................................35 6.2.3 - Resultados e Discussão do bioensaio da letalidade frente à A. salina .......36 6.3 - Avaliação da Atividade Antifúngica ...............................................................38 6.3.1 - Materiais e Reagentes Utilizados................................................................43 6.3.2 - Procedimento Experimental........................................................................44 6.3.3 - Resultados e Discussão da avaliação da atividade antifúngica..................45 7 - Algumas Considerações sobre o Perfil Químico dos Extratos Bruto das folhas e madeira de Sparattosperma leucanthum ............................................................46 7.1 - Extrato bruto em Hexano das folhas de S. leucanthum.................. ..............47 7.2 - Extrato bruto em diclorometano das folhas de S. leucanthum...................... 47 7.2.1 - Fracionamento extrato bruto em diclorometano das folhas de S. leucanthum )............................................................................................................47 III 7.3 - Extrato em metanol das folhas de S. leucanthum (SLFM)............................53 7.4 - Resultados e Discussão................................................................................55 8 - Considerações Finais........................................................................................56 9 - Bibliografia ........................................................................................................58 IV LISTA DE ESQUEMAS Esquema 1 - Oxidação de orto e para -quinóis.......................................................7 Esquema 2 - Reação da β-lapachona com o mercaptoetanol.............................14 Esquema 3 - Primeira tentativa de síntese do lapachol........................................14 Esquema 4 - Síntese do lapachol a partir da leucoisonaftazarina........................15 Esquema 5 - Síntese total do lapachol..................................................................15 Esquema 6 - Síntese em larga escala do lapachol...............................................15 Esquema 7 - Síntese do lapachol.........................................................................16 Esquema 8 - Biossíntese do lapachol....................................................................16 Esquema 9 - Mecanismo de ação do DPPH frente a substâncias.fenólicas.........28 Esquema 10 - Mecanismo de ação e estabilidade das substâncias.....................28 V LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 01 - Detalhe das folhas e flores de espécies de Ipê....................................5 Figura 02 - Divisão Taxonômica da espécie S. leucanthum...................................6 Figura 03 - Exemplos de quinonas.........................................................................9 Figura 04 - Quinoniminas derivadas da β-lapachona............................................13 Figura 05 - Exemplos de flavonóides antioxidantes e pró-antioxidantes..............18 Figura 06 - Biossíntese de flavonóides ................................................................20 Figura 07 - Fracionamento das folhas de S. leucanthum .....................................24 Figura 08 - Fracionamento da madeira de S. leucanthum ..................................25
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