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A Framework for Plant Behavior Author(S): Jonathan Silvertown and Deborah M
A Framework for Plant Behavior Author(s): Jonathan Silvertown and Deborah M. Gordon Reviewed work(s): Source: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 20 (1989), pp. 349-366 Published by: Annual Reviews Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2097096 . Accessed: 10/02/2012 12:56 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Annual Reviews is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. http://www.jstor.org Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1989. 20:349-66 Copyright ? 1989 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved A FRAMEWORKFOR PLANT BEHAVIOR Jonathan Silvertown' and Deborah M. Gordon2 'BiologyDepartment, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UnitedKingdom 2Departmentof Zoology,University of Oxford,South Parks Rd, Oxford,OXI 3PS, UnitedKingdom INTRODUCTION The language of animalbehavior is being used increasinglyto describecertain plant activities such as foraging (28, 31, 56), mate choice (67), habitatchoice (51), and sex change (9, 10). Furthermore,analytical tools such as game theory, employed to model animal behavior, have also been applied to plants (e.g. 42, 54). There is some question whetherwords used to describe animal behavior, such as the word behavior itself, or foraging, can be properly applied to the activities of plants. -
Motion in Plants and Animals SMPK Penabur Jakarta Motion
Motion in Plants and Animals SMPK Penabur Jakarta Motion What is that? Which part? Have you ever see the flying bird? Why they can do stable flying? What affects them? Let’s learn! Plant’s motion Animal’s motion in water, on air, and on land Why so important?? To know and explain motion in living things Important Terms Motion Stimulation Inertia Elasticity Surface Tension Mimosa pudica Have you ever see? Mimosa pudica Response to stimulation If the leaves got stimulation, the water flow will keep away from stimulated area Stimulated area water less, turgor tension less leaves will closed Turgor tension= tension affected by cell contents to wall cell in plant Movement Movement in living system they can change chemical energy to mechanical energy Human and animal active movement Plants have different movement Motion in Plant Growth Reaction to respond stimuli (irritability) Endonom Hygroscopic Etionom PHOTOTROPISM HYDROTROPISM TROPISM GEOTROPISM THIGMOTROPISM ENDONOM RHEOTROPISM PLANT MOTION HYGROSCOPIC ETIONOM PHOTOTAXIS TAXIS CHEMOTAXIS NICTINASTY THIGMONASTY/ NASTIC SEISMONASTY PHOTONASTY COMPLEX A. Endogenous Movement Spontaneusly Not known yet its cause certainly Predicted it caused by stimulus from plant itself Ex: ◦ Movement of cytoplasm in cell ◦ Bending movement of leaf bid because of different growth velocity ◦ Movement of chloroplast Chloroplast movement B. Hygroscopic Movement Caused by the influence of the change of water level from its cell non-homogenous wrinkling Ex: ◦ The breaking of dried fruit of leguminous fruit, such as kacang buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris), kembang merak (Caesalpinia pulcherrima), and Impatiens balsamina (pacar air) and other fruits ◦ The opening of sporangium in fern ◦ Rolled of peristomal gear in moss’ sporangium C. -
Plant-Environment Interactions: from Sensory Plant Biology to Active
Signaling and Communication in Plants Series Editors František Baluška Department of Plant Cell Biology, IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany Jorge Vivanco Center for Rhizosphere Biology, Colorado State University, 217 Shepardson Building, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1173, USA František Baluška Editor Plant-Environment Interactions From Sensory Plant Biology to Active Plant Behavior Editor František Baluška Department of Plant Cell Biology IZMB University of Bonn Kirschallee 1 D-53115 Bonn Germany email: [email protected] ISSN 1867-9048 ISBN 978-3-540-89229-8 e-ISBN 978-3-540-89230-4 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-89230-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008938968 © 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com František Baluška dedicates this book to Prof. -
Venus Flytrap Conservation
HerbalGram 114 • May – July 2017 114 • May HerbalGram Modern TCM in Hong Kong • Remembering Fredi Kronenberg • Curcumin Medicinal Chemistry Rose Aroma & Pain Reduction • Garlic & Blood Pressure • Psilocybin & Patients with Cancer Nigella Profile • Venus Flytrap Conservation • Psilocybin & Patients with Cancer • Curcumin Medicinal Chemistry • Modern TCM in Hong Kong • Remembering Fredi Kronenberg in Hong Kong • Remembering Fredi MedicinalTCM Chemistry • Curcumin • Modern with Cancer Conservation & Patients • Psilocybin Flytrap Venus • Nigella Profile The Journal of the American Botanical Council Number 114 | May — July 2017 www.herbalgram.org Venus Flytrap Conservation Nigella Profile US/CAN $6.95 Join more than 190 responsible companies, laboratories, nonprofits, trade associations, media outlets, and others in the international herb and natural products/natural medicine community. Become a valued underwriter of the ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Program, a multi-year, supply chain integrity program providing education about accidental and intentional adulteration of botanical materials and extracts on an international scale. For more details on joining the program, and access to the free publications produced to date, please see www.botanical adulterants.org or contact Denise Meikel at [email protected]. Underwriters, Endorsers, and Supporters of the ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Program* As of May 9, 2017 Financial Underwriters Products, Inc. Australian Self Medication Southwest College of 21st Century Healthcare /Bioclinic Naturals Industry (Australia) Naturopathic Medicine The forces that shaped the southern Oregon landscape endowed it with lofty mountains, AdvoCare International L.P. Natural Grocers by Vitamin Australian Tea Tree Industry University of Bridgeport College Agilent Technologies, Inc. Cottage Association (Australia) of Naturopathic Medicine sheltered valleys and crystal clear rivers. -
Tamilnadu Board Class 9 Science Chapter 6 Term I
UNIT Living World of Plants - 6 Plant Physiology Learning Objectives At the end of this unit the students will be able to understand, that Plants too have certain autonomic movements how do plants produce their food through the process of photosynthesis? that Plants are the primary producers that feed the rest of the living organisms Introduction (sunflower) follows the path of the sun from dawn to dusk, (from east to west) and Animals move in search of food, shelter and during night it moves from west to east. for reproduction, even microorganisms The dance of Desmodium gyrans (Indian show movement. telegraph plant) leaf is mesmerizing. Do plants show such movement We see a branch of a tree shaking in heavy thunder storm; and leaves dancing in gentle wind. These movements are caused by an external agency. Do they Move on their 6.1 own Accord In short, do plants have spontaneous movements without external agency? Do they breathe? In this chapter we will study some of the biological functions of plants. 6.2 Do Plants Move The leaves of Mimosa pudica (touch-me- not plant) closes on touching, and in like manner, the stalk of Helianthus annuus Mimosa pudica 6 . L i v i ng Wo l d o P a nt P a nt P y s i o og 133 IX_Science Unit-6.indd 133 27-03-2018 12:31:36 Activity 1 Roots grow down and shoots grow up You can do this experiment with some of your friends. Step -1 It is easy and fun. Take four or ve earthen cups or small pots and ll them with soil from a eld. -
Tendril Coiling in Grapevine: Jasmonates and a New Role for GABA?
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-018-9807-x Tendril Coiling in Grapevine: Jasmonates and a New Role for GABA? Jaiana Malabarba1,2 · Michael Reichelt3 · Giancarlo Pasquali1 · Axel Mithöfer2 Received: 31 January 2018 / Accepted: 9 April 2018 © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L., Vitaceae) belongs to the genus Vitis, and is characterized as a vine due to the presence of ten- drils, which are located opposite to leaves. Tendrils are thigmo-responsive organs, able to carry out delicate mechanosensory responses upon touch and related stimuli. These organs are an adaptation of the plant to climb with the help of support to higher places and finally remain at a position with favorable light quality. In previous studies on Bryonia dioica (Cucur- bitaceae), phytohormones of the jasmonate class were identified as the endogenous hormone signals to initiate coiling of the tendrils. Strikingly, this is still the only example for jasmonate-induced tendril coiling. In grapevine, three compounds (12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, jasmonic acid (JA), and JA isoleucine conjugate) of the jasmonate class were found at higher concentrations in non-coiled tendrils when compared with coiled ones. Upon treatment with phytohormones, we could con- firm the activity of jasmonates on tendril coiling in grapevine. However, not jasmonates but a non-proteinogenic amino acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was detected to accumulate in grapevine tendrils at significantly higher levels than in all other tissues, independent of their coiling status. For GABA we detected a significant, transient positive effect on tendril coiling. Use of a GABA synthesis blocker, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, caused reduced GABA- but not JA-induced coiling scores. -
Plant Tropisms: Providing the Power of Movement to a Sessile Organism
Int. J. Dev. Biol. 49: 665-674 (2005) doi: 10.1387/ijdb.052028ce Plant tropisms: providing the power of movement to a sessile organism C. ALEX ESMON, ULLAS V. PEDMALE and EMMANUEL LISCUM* University of Missouri-Columbia, Division of Biological Sciences, Columbia, Missouri, USA ABSTRACT In an attempt to compensate for their sessile nature, plants have developed growth responses to deal with the copious and rapid changes in their environment. These responses are known as tropisms and they are marked by a directional growth response that is the result of differential cellular growth and development in response to an external stimulation such as light, gravity or touch. While the mechanics of tropic growth and subsequent development have been the topic of debate for more than a hundred years, only recently have researchers been able to make strides in understanding how plants perceive and respond to tropic stimulations, thanks in large part to mutant analysis and recent advances in genomics. This paper focuses on the recent advances in four of the best-understood tropic responses and how each affects plant growth and develop- ment: phototropism, gravitropism, thigmotropism and hydrotropism. While progress has been made in deciphering the events between tropic stimulation signal perception and each character- istic growth response, there are many areas that remain unclear, some of which will be discussed herein. As has become evident, each tropic response pathway exhibits distinguishing characteris- tics. However, these pathways of tropic perception and response also have overlapping compo- nents – a fact that is certainly related to the necessity for pathway integration given the ever- changing environment that surrounds every plant. -
Identifying Molecular Functions of Heliotropic Motor Tissue Through Proteomic Analysis of Soybean Pulvini
ABSTRACT Title of Document: IDENTIFYING MOLECULAR FUNCTIONS OF HELIOTROPIC MOTOR TISSUE THROUGH PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN PULVINI Hakme Lee, M.S., 2012 Directed By: Professor Joseph Sullivan, Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture Heliotropic and nyctinastic leaf movement are mediated in soybean through turgor changes in the motor cells of the pulvinus, located at the base of the leaves. While some elements of the signaling pathways have been studied, a broad-scale protein identification has not yet been reported. In my research pulvini proteins were extracted in light- and dark-harvested soybean using the TCA/acetone method and identified by LC-MS/MS. Gene ontology analysis revealed proteins involved in proton transport were enriched in the soybean pulvinus proteome compared to a background soybean proteome. Proteins more highly expressed in the light were mostly stress response proteins, while under-expressed proteins were categorized as energy proteins. Further investigations using more sensitive extraction protocols and a multitude of sample times will build on these initial results to provide a thorough examination of heliotropic mechanisms at the molecular level. IDENTIFYING MOLECULAR FUNCTIONS OF HELIOTROPIC MOTOR TISSUE THROUGH PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN PULVINI By Hakme Lee Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2012 Advisory Committee: Professor Joseph Sullivan, Chair Associate Professor Irwin Forseth Adjunct Assistant Professor Savithiry Natarajan © Copyright by Hakme Lee 2012 Dedication I would like to thank my parents and my siblings for loving me just as I am. -
Plant Defenses
Plant Defenses Naturalist Outreach Speakers Bureau Presented by Ellie Taylor Plants have evolved to oppose pests. One thing that greatly differentiates plants from animals is their lack of motility. This leads plants Odd Defenses to adapt different ways of defending themselves from the same pressures animals face. One odd plant and relatively rare plant Plant Defenses against Herbivory defense is thigmonasty. If you were a plant, how would you defend yourself Thigmonasty is the non- against predation by animals, otherwise known as directional response of herbivory? Plants have many ways to cope with this a plant to touch. The pressure. Many plants develop prickly structures, Mimosa pudica (known especially on their stems. If these structures are as the sensitive plant) has the ability to rapidly close its leaflets upon touch, possibly because herbivores won’t want to eat a quickly moving plant, or to look more twig-like. Thorns Spines Prickles modified from a branch, then they are thorns. If they’re modified from a leaf, it’s a spine, or if it’s an extension of the epidermis, it’s a prickle. You can tell which is which by its placement on the stem of the plant. No matter which it is, they usually prevent herbivores and especially large animals from eating the plant or fruit of Some plants, like the plant. Lithops even utilize Plants also often have hairs on their stems, leaves, and camoflouge. These petioles called trichomes that generally don’t bother us particular plants look handling them, but irritate the mouths of bugs and like rocks, so they are animals trying to eat them. -
Plant Electrophysiology Alexander G
Plant Electrophysiology Alexander G. Volkov Editor Plant Electrophysiology Signaling and Responses 123 Editor Alexander G. Volkov Department of Chemistry Oakwood University Adventist Blvd. 7000 Huntsville, AL 35896 USA ISBN 978-3-642-29109-8 ISBN 978-3-642-29110-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-29110-4 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012937217 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. -
What Do Plants Need Action Potentials For?
In: Action Potential ISBN 978-1-61668-833-2 Editor: Marc L. DuBois, pp. 1-26 © 2010 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Chapter 1 WHAT DO PLANTS NEED ACTION POTENTIALS FOR? Elżbieta Król, Halina Dziubińska, and Kazimierz Trębacz Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20–033 Lublin, Poland ABSTRACT For many years the physiological significance of electrical signalling in plants has been neglected, even though the very first action potentials (APs) were recorded in insectivorous plants in 1873 (1). Still many aspects of plant excitability are not sufficiently well elaborated. However, nowadays it is common knowledge that in animals as well as in plants: (i) ion fluxes through plasma membrane provide AP biophysical bases; (ii) AP transmission is electrotonic, without a decrement and is followed by a refractory period; (iii) there is an ―all-or-nothing‖ principle fulfilled, with an exponential dependency of threshold stimulus strength on stimulus duration; (iv) APs are initiated and propagated by excitable tissues to control a plethora of responses indispensable for growth, nutrient winning, reproduction, and defence against biotic and abiotic challenges. AP can be viewed as a burst of electrical activity that is dependent on a depolarizing current. In plants the depolarization phase of AP consists of Cl-- and Ca2+-fluxes. The following phase—a repolarization—relies in turn on K+ fluxes and active H+ flows that both drive membrane potential back to more negative values. Thus, the AP mechanism is electrochemically governed by the selective properties of the plasma membrane with ion selective conduits as key players. A more detailed understanding of how these membrane proteins work hand in hand during excitation and signal transduction is eagerly awaited. -
Carnivorous Plant Newsletter Vol 47 No 1 March 2018
The use of the right words: why carnitropism is inaccurate for carnivorous plants. Suggestion to reject the term “carnitropism” Aurélien Bour • Tropical botanic collections • Conservatoire et Jardins Botaniques de Nancy • 100 rue du Jardin Botanique • 54 600 Villers-lès-Nancy • France • [email protected] Keywords: carnitropism, chemonasty, chemotropism, plant movement, thigmonasty, tropism. Abstract: In the September 2017 issue of Carnivorous Plant Newsletter, the term ‘carnitropism’ was proposed to name triggered movements occurring in Dionaea, Drosera, and Pinguicula gen- era. However, those phenomena were misconceived and their interpretation lacked scientific back- ground, misleading to a flawed conclusion. Therefore, the present paper recommends to avoid the use of that term and recalls both the mechanisms behind plant movements and their associated names. Introduction Simón (2017) explained that “Plants are known to move towards certain stimuli (water, light, gravity) which are beneficial and these movements have been labeled hydrotropism, phototropism, geotropism.” Yet, such a statement is very likely to bring confusion. For one thing, no definition of tropism including its physiological origin was clearly introduced in the article. A couple of exam- ples cannot make up for that absence. For another, although tropism is indeed an instance of plant reaction to stimuli, that is not the sole one. Another kind of reaction, called “nastic movement” is actually more common when it comes to carnivorous plants. The main difference between these two mechanisms is found at the cell level, and could roughly be defined as such: • Tropism is usually a growth movement due to uneven cell multiplication, which eventually leads to the organ orientation.