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Local Wisdom of Wadian Dadas of Dayak Ma'anyan: a Multi-Sites Study

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Local Wisdom of Wadian Dadas of Dayak Ma'anyan: a Multi-Sites Study International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research ISSN: 2455-2070 Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22 www.socialsciencejournal.in Volume 4; Issue 5; September 2018; Page No. 79-83 Local wisdom of Wadian Dadas of Dayak Ma’anyan: A multi-sites study in East Barito Regency Effrata1*, Bonaventura Ngarawula2, Praptining Soekowati3 1-3 Postgraduate Program, University of Merdeka, Malang, Indonesia 2, 3 Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Merdeka, Malang, East Java, Indonesia Abstract Wadian Dadas is a dance danced by wadian (shaman) to cure illnesses in the Dayak indigenous people. This study aims to find out the philosophy contained in the Wadian Dadas; including forms of the ritual and the preservation of the dance. Based on the results of the study, we found that the Wadian Dadas contains mysticism because there is a ceremonial ritual before the implementation of the dance. In the Wadian Dadas, there is a philosophy of devotion to the Almighty (Hiyang Piumung) which is symbolized by an Eagle in Ma'anyan and known as management. The meaning of local wisdom is that this dance is a way to find Ineh Payung Gunting that gets inspiration during hermitage, in order to cure illness. This dance is inherited from generation to generation. The form of Wadian Dadas ritual consists of preparation in the form of fulfillment of offerings, reading incantations and swinging bahalai. The effort to preserve the Wadian Dadas is performed by performing a dance at ceremonies of legal treatment for Ma'anyan Dayak marriage and is held at the time of the grand reception. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Wadian Dadas that grows and develops among the Ma'anyan Dayak indigenous people was originally a regional dance that has cultural values and contains magical elements. Keywords: local wisdom, wadian dadas, Kalimantan Introduction removing the problems. One of them is by using Wadian Indonesia is an archipelago that has a lot of cultural diversities Dadas. Because of the social shift in people's lives, Wadian produced by several types of tribes in it. One of them is the Dadas which was originally a means of ceremonies changed to Dayak tribe. The majority of Dayak people live in the Wadian Dadas, which until now is believed to provide safety Kalimantan Island. The word "Dayak" comes from the Malay for the Dayak Ma'anyan community. In the next stage of language which means "mountain people" which includes development, the Wadian Dadas also begins with dances coastal proto. Like other ethnic groups, the Dayak tribe has its performed in the traditional treatment process carried out by own culture or customs which are different from other tribes. wadian. In the early 1980s, Wadian Dadas was known by Customs that live within the Dayak community are the most some people so that Wadian Dadas became the inspiration for important elements which are also the roots of identity for the the emergence of the Wadian Dadas. At first, this dance was Dayak tribe. Today, along with developments and changes, carried out with the reason to get healing and to be free from the Dayak culture also experience a shift in change, due to the evil spirits that cause disease. With the development of times, inclusion of elements of influence from outside. This means this dance is also presented during welcoming and marriage that Dayak culture is not static, but dynamic. Even so, until events. But there are still many Indonesian people, even the now there are still those who persist and are not deterred by people of Kalimantan who do not understand and are reluctant the change of generation. They even like to show up their to preserve this traditional dance. identity as ancestral heritage in forms of community customs, Based on preliminary observations, there was a shift in values rituals, and celebrations. One of local wisdoms that still among young Dayak tribes, such as: Youth Dayak tribes were survives is Wadian Dadas which is is one of the ceremonial less concerned about Dayak dances; When there are rituals, facilities in the field of traditional medicine for the Ma'anyan Dayak tribes usually use poem cultures and ritual-specific Dayak people in Central Kalimantan Province. Wadian Dadas languages, but today there are no young Dayaks who can do it. was originally obtained through inspiration obtained by a During the ritual, initially, the Dayaks peephole only use rice woman named Ineh Ngundri Gunung. The woman was fermented water to add stamina during rituals but now it inspired to carry out the duties by a God to heal someone. This begins to be replaced by wine or liquor. It is more preferred by woman was the first wadian and was a messenger of God who young generation so that sometimes the rituals are changed is manifested in the form of an eagle. Then, the wadian will be into drunken areas. Based on this fact, researchers are continued to the next descendant. interested to describe the values of local wisdom and the In ancient times, in the event of a catastrophe or unsuccessful implementation of the Wadian Dadas on the Dayak Ma'anyan harvest, the Ma'anyan Dayaks needed wadian as a means of Tribe in Central Kalimantan. 79 International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research Literature review Regency which is then called as Dayak Warukin. Dayak Culture Balangan (Dusun Balangan) which is located in Balangan Culture is something that will affect the level of knowledge Regency and Dayak Samihim in Kotabaru Regency are also and includes a system of ideas contained in human mind. In classified as the Ma'anyan Dayak tribe. The Ma'anyan tribe in everyday life, culture is abstract. While the embodiment of South Kalimantan is classified as Ma'anyan II. The uniqueness cultural objects that are real, such as patterns of behavior, of the Ma'anyan Hamlet tribe includes practicing agricultural language, tools of life, social organizations, religion, art, etc., rites, elaborate death ceremonies, traditional wedding rituals all of which are intended to help humanity in living and summoning shamans (Balian) to treat their illnesses. community life. Wadian Dadas by Ma'anyan Dayak Tribe Local wisdom The most popular dance among the Ma'anyan Dayak tribe is In general, local wisdom is considered as a view of life and Wadian Dance. Wadian concisely means basir, which is science as well as a variety of life strategies in the form of leader of religious rituals, shaman, and physician. Wadian also activities carried out by local communities in answering means the process of Wadian ritual work. Wadian also means various problems in meeting their needs. Local wisdom is not magical dance for medicinal purposes or death. This dance just a traditional value or a characteristic of locality but rather only exists in the Barito River basin. With the characteristics the value of tradition that has the power to realize the of the use of a large bracelet on the hands of the dancers, so expectations or values of establishment that are also that during the dance, the bracelets always compete to produce universally coveted by human. The characteristics of local very lively sounds. Wadian Dadas are one of the ceremonial wisdom are being able to withstand external cultures, such as: facilities in the field of traditional medicine for Ma'anyan having ability to accommodate elements of external culture, Dayak people in East Dusun sub district of South Barito having ability to integrate elements of external culture into a district in Central Kalimantan Province. native culture, and having ability to control and be able to give In the next stage of development, there is also the Balian direction to cultural development. Dadas dance which may be preceded by dances performed in Local wisdom is not the same at different places and times and the traditional treatment process carried out by Wadian. In the different tribes. This difference is caused by the challenges of early 1980s Wadian (Balian) Dadas was known by some nature and the different needs of life so that their experience in people in Palangkaraya City, so the Wadian Dadas, which meeting their life's needs raises various knowledge systems originally served as a ritual ceremony, became the inspiration both related to the environment and society. As one form of for the emergence of Balian Dadas dance. But along with its human behavior, local wisdom is not a static thing but changes development, this dance is not only used in traditional rituals. over time, depending on the social order and culture existing But it is also used in events such as welcoming events, in society. inaugurations, and cultural festivals. Because it functions as a means of entertainment, then this dance has been modified a Dayak tribes lot from its original form to make it look more attractive and Dayak tribe is one of the indigenous tribes of Borneo which is not too mystical. Only a few dance studios in Kalimantan still very famous for its unique ethnic culture. Dayak is known as a preserve the dance. tribe that has a strong magical heritage. The spiritual sciences become a symbol of the peculiarities of tribal customs that Data and methodology inhabit the interior of Borneo. The Dayak tribe is thought to This study uses qualitative research approach. Qualitative be descended from Mongoloid race in Asia. As it is known research has the characteristics of collecting more and detailed since 2000 years before, Asia continent was still united with data about the conversation and behavior of a particular Kalimantan (Borneo) Island. The Mongoloid race was pushed person or place that is not easily revealed by statistical down by losing the war, wandering southward, from the procedures (Bogdan and Biklen, 2003) [1].
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